CASLIN 2009 – June 8, 2009

Marilyn BillingsScholarly Communication Librarian, UMass Amherst, USA

Exploring Ways that IRs Facilitate New Roles and Partnerships for Libraries

and the Academy

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Outline of Talk

Introduction and Background Scholarly Communication Crisis Sabbatical Research 2005

• Study• Findings• Challenges• Lessons learned

New Roles and Partnerships Examples Concluding Remarks

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University of Massachusetts Amherst Founded in 1863 as Land Grant University

Flagship of 5 campus UMass System

Students – 20,540; 5,820 graduate students

Faculty – 1,180

Academic environment• 87 bachelor’s degree programs• 73 master’s degree programs• 53 doctoral programs

Research• Over $140 million / year

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University Libraries FY ‘08

Over 3.5 million volumes

43,906 journals subscriptions

Almost $16 million in total expenditures • Over $6.5 million in materials• $7.5 million in staff salaries• $1.7 million in operating budget

190 full time librarians, staff and students• 56 professional staff

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5

Scholarly Communication Crisis

Traditional modes

• Journals in the sciences• Monographs in the humanities

“Crisis” of 1990s

• Spiraling publishing costs, especially journals• Increasing amount of digital research and scholarship• Lack of access• Need to collect and preserve this material

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6

CPI up 57%CPI up 57%

Average serial price up 227%Average serial price up 227%

Average book price up 65%Average book price up 65%

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Exploration of New Models

Institutional digital repositories• Unified open access to and preservation of the

electronic collections of works of members of the institution’s community

Open access journals• Journals available at no cost to end user• May or not be refereed • Typically available in electronic format

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Sabbatical Research

I wish I had pictures here of all the places I went!

BUT

Let’s talk about what I found out, shall we

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Institutional Repositories – What are they?

“a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.”

- Clifford Lynch, ARL Bimonthly Report 226, Feb. 2003.

“digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of university communities”

- Ryam Crowe, Case for Institutional Repositories, SPARC, 2002

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Benefits of an IR

Common formats Uniform structures Searching and linking from other sources Data accessible, easy to use Integration with other resources Easy to develop new tools Move scholarly communication forward Enhance professional visibility

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Core Features

Content defined by institution Digital content in a variety of formats Community focus Institutional support Durable, permanent content Enhanced access and discovery Faculty researcher pages Authoring tools End-user functionality

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Core Functionality

Material submission, ingest Metadata application Access control Discovery support Dissemination of content Preservation, durability, storage Batch loading Indexing based on OAI

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Challenges

Getting content into the IR Developing policies Funding and business models Legal issues Preservation

7 Lessons learned from sabbatical

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Possible Content

Research materials• Doctoral dissertations, theses, honors projects• Working papers, journal articles, raw data files

Teaching materials• Learning objects • Preprints• Audio and video materials • E portfolios

Other scholarly work

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Policy Development

Services provided Content acquisition and management Preservation and access

• Industry standards and best practices• Example: CLOCKSS

Rights management and legal issues• Copyright• Intellectual property

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Funding and Business Models

Wide variety, many informal• Special initiative supported by the library • Costs absorbed in library operating budget• Regular budget line item of institution's library• Grant awarded by an external source• Special initiative supported by central

administration • Special initiative supported by institution's

archives

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Seven Lessons Learned

Communications Planning Recruit early adopters Provide talking points Staffing considerations Content submission Publicity and marketing

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What’s Next? Why Consider This?

Proactive response to scholarly communication and open access issues

Showcase for scholars and institution Ease of use by faculty and researchers Long-term preservation, persistent urls Wide dissemination of intellectual output More frequent citations

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Why Libraries? Why Librarians?

“In general, librarians lead the IR effort in all stages of IR development.” – Soo Young Rieh• Library role as steward of scholarship• Collection development expertise• Liaison role with faculty• Center of expertise on metadata• Commitment to long-term preservation• Complementarity of repository and licensed

digital materials

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From Mary Anne Kennan’s article:

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Opportunities

Visibility and citation impact factor

Use, re-use, and re-purposing of scholarly materials, all at no cost to end user

Digitally archive work with permanent url

Wide variety of content and formats

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Visibility (Steve Lawrence, 2001)

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Citation Impact Factor

Antelman, Kristin. “Do Open-Access Articles Have a Greater Research Impact”http://www.la-press.com/include/Antelman.pdf

Eysenbach, Gunther. “Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles” http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157&ct=1

Lawrence, Steve. “Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact”. Nature 411, 521 (31 May 2001)

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Exploration of New Models - Revisited

Institutional digital repositories• Unified open access to and preservation of the

electronic collections of works of members of the institution’s community

Open access journals• Journals available at no cost to end user• May or not be refereed • Typically available in electronic format

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Action Steps for Faculty

From Create Change website http://createchange.org

1. Manage copyright / retain author rights2. Select journals and publishers with open

access-friendly policies http://doaj.org3. Prefer open access grant agencies when

seeking funding4. Self-archive in local IR or subject repository

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1. Manage Copyright

Retain Author Rights http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/• Reproduction• Distribution• Public performance• Modification of original work

Modify publisher contracts• SPARC Authors Addendum http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html• Creative Commons licenseshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/

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2. Publish in Open Access Journals

Determine open access journals in your field http://doaj.org

Investigate current publisher policies• Sherpa / RoMEO website

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php• Publisher websites

Faculty roles• Author• Editor / Editorial board /• Peer reviewer

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3. Open Access Funding Agencies

National Science Foundationhttp://www.nsf.gov/nsb/documents/2000/

nsb00106/nsb00106.htm

National Institutes of Healthhttp://publicaccess.nih.gov/ Wellcome Trust

http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002766.html

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4. Self Archive

Institutional Digital Repositories• Directory of Open Access Repositories

http://opendoar.org• My example - ScholarWorks @ UMass Amherst

http://scholarworks@umass.edu

Disciplinary Repositories• arXiv.org http://arxiv.org/• RePEc http://repec.org/• Other examples

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Our Contributors!

Faculty and researchers Graduate and Honors students Archivists and Librarians University Press Academic Offices • Office of Research• Office of Outreach• Cooperative Extension

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Successful Content Recruitment Strategies

Working one-on-one with early adopters Word-of-mouth from early adopters to their

colleagues Mandating deposit of dissertations, theses,

honors projects Mandating deposit of research results from

internal institutional grants Working with Partners

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Other Library Partners

Special Collections and University Archives http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/

Slide Library supported Art History DepartmentMerged with Library (2005)http://www.library.umass.edu/icl

New Roles New Services Trends

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Concluding Remarks

David Shulenburger, Closing Keynote, SPARC Digital Repositories Meeting, November 2008. Transcript, available at http://www.arl.org/sparc/ir08 - Value of digital repositories:

“building interest in the scholarship of a specific faculty member as measured by citations”

“enhance the reputation of the institution with funding agencies”

“enable the institution to fully understand the breadth and depth of the work in which faculty are engaged”

“preserve scholarship that otherwise might be lost” And more…

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Conclusion

Why the library in new roles and partnerships?

• Transition to digital collections• Highlighting what is unique, but of value to other

scholars and making it accessible• Utilize existing skills in organizing, and providing access• Enhancing the value of the library by contributing to the

mission of the institution• Value to institution, and to the wider scholarly

community

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Thank you

Contact information:

Marilyn BillingsScholarly Communication LibrarianUniversity LibrariesUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, USAmbillings@library.umass.edu