cat safety booklet 2008-2009

8/6/2019 CAT Safety Booklet 2008-2009

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Handbook

Construction


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1

2008/2009


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INTRODUCTION

C.A.T. Management have made a clear commitment to Occupational

Health and Safety by formulating, implementing, continually reviewing

and improving its Occupational Health and Safety Management Systemin accordance with OHSAS 18001.

The cornerstones of the system are Occupational Health and Safety

Policy. Objectives and Manual. These documents are supported by

OHS Procedures which are applicable to all projects and locations.

Documentation has been developed and distributed and controls

implemented with the prime objective of avoiding all foreseeable

accidents and incidents. Every Project and Support location works inaccordance with specific documented procedures and it is in everyemployees best interests to ensure they are familiar with specific

controls, rules and requirements pertaining to their specific

work location.

Project and Location specific Health and Safety Instructions are

formulated in an effort to cover all identifiable eventualities and foster

a proactive approach to Health and safety with the primary objective ofavoiding accidents and incidents.

No Management System can achieve its objectives without the

involvement and total commitment of all personnel therefore we havedeveloped this Health and Safety Handbook to assist and guide all

personnel in ensuring basic rules are complied with and common

sense prevails.

This Handbook is not intended to cover every subject in minute detail;it is intended to guide personnel in identifying possible hazards and

risks, assisting in the evaluation of these hazards and risks and advising

basic actions to avoid unsafe conditions and situations.

This booklet is for the use of all personnel who work in the C.A.T.

Group, staff and sub-contractors. If you are uncertain after reading any

part of this document and wish further clarification, check with your

Supervisor, or your HSE Officer.The booklet should be used as reference, as you go about your daily work.Keep it with you at all times.

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INDEX OF CONTENTS

1. Responsibility.

2. Rules of Conduct.

3. Insubordination.4. Clothing and Safety Equipment.

5. Personal Protective Equipment.

6. Safety Meetings and Information.7. Reporting Unsafe and Hazardous Conditions.

8. Reporting Injuries, Illness, Property and

Equipment Damage.

9. Accidents and Incidents.10. Emergency Preparedness Procedures.

11. Camp Safety.

12. Office Safety.

13. Housekeeping.14. Spills and Waste Disposal.

15. First Aid.16. Vehicle Safety and Desert Driving.

17. Fire Prevention and Protection.18. Fire Fighting Equipment.

19. Electricity.

20. Noise.

21. Pressurized Systems.

22. Pressure Testing.23. Scaffolds, Ladders and Working at Height.

24. Work Permits.

25. Safety Signs and Notices.26. Rigging and Lifting.

27. Manual Handling.

28. Hand and Portable Tools.

29. Hydrogen Sulphide.30. Radioactive Substances.

31. Painting and Abrasive Blasting.

32. Welding and Cutting.

33. Confined Spaces.34. Chemicals.

35. Excavations.36. Machinery and Powered Plant.

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1. Responsibility

Every Employee is responsible for his/her Safety and for the Safety

of others working with and/or around them.

Do nothing to endanger yourself or others.

Everyone has a responsibility to work safely. The higher you are in the

Organisation the greater the responsibility and accountability.

Employee and sub-contractor alike, at all levels, must not put

themselves or others at risk.

MANAGEMENT

Management has the responsibility for the provision of funds and

personnel to ensure an effective Loss Prevention Programme to be

conducted and Carries the ultimate responsibility for all unsafe acts

and conditions.

PROJECT & CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS

Are responsible for setting the standards, against which conditions are

measured and to lead by example. They are responsible for the overall

safety of all persons working in their area of control.

SUPERINTENDENTS AND FOREMEN

Responsible within their own areas, for instituting safe working

practices and providing the conditions that allow safe working as a

minimum to the standard laid down in the C.A.T. HSE Management

System. Also responsible in ensuring the training and instruction of

personnel necessary to ensure all personnel are aware of Hazards,

Risks and Emergency Response Provisions.

ALL PERSONNEL

Should ensure they are constantly aware of all the rules for working

safely, carry out instructions properly, to be aware at all times what is

happening nearby, trying to identify hazards, and if there is any doubt

about a situation to ask!

2. Rules of Conduct

Promptly Report all unsafe or unhealthy situations in order that

preventive actions can be taken.

Safety is a state of mind whereby all employees should be constantly


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aware of the dangers of accident or injury at all times.

All personnel shall take care in their actions or inactions to minimize

the occurrence of incidents that may result in injury to persons or

damage to equipment and/or facilities.

The 6 steps of Safety Programme:

1. Make sure you have clearance to commence work on that

workplace with the equipment needed.

2. Check your workplace every day before starting activities.

3. Make sure that tools and equipment in your working place are in a

safe condition.4. Work safely and defensively.

5. You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of all

persons that may be affected by your actions or inactions.

6. Working safely should be a reflex action. This should be observed

and be remembered even without being asked to do it.

In all cases where productivity needs to be increased, your safety effort

shall be increased to suit changing requirements.

It is your responsibility to protect yourself and be aware of your

workmates actions. If someone is working in an unsafe manner, stop

him and explain the possible injury/accident that his actions may lead

to, be concerned with one another to ensure the safety of everyone.

If in doubt on any Safety issue consult with your direct Supervisoror the assigned Safety Officer.

All employees shall follow the below listed rules:

1. Practical jokes, horseplay, wrestling or fighting is not permitted.

2. Tampering with Safety devices, signs, tools & equipment

is prohibited.3 . Willfully or unnecessarily discharging fire extinguishers

is prohibited.

4. Resting on, under or around Heavy Equipment is prohibited.

5. Sleeping and lounging around in any Work Area is prohibited.

6. Employees shall report for work in a fit and proper condition to

perform their job. No employee shall enter the work-site under the

influence of alcohol or drugs. Use of such items in the work-site

shall be cause for immediate dismissal and the offender(s) being

subjected to applicable Government Laws.

7. Smoking within areas posted with "No Smoking" signs

is prohibited.


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3. Insubordination

As a condition of continued employment you are required to carry out

reasonable instructions from supervisors. Insubordination in respect of

non compliance with any reasonable verbal or written instructions or

directives issued by Management or supervisory personnel shall be

sufficient cause of initiating disciplinary action in accordance with

established Company Procedures. If you believe that an instruction

would put you or others at risk then you should state this fact.

4. Clothing and Safety Equipment

All employees shall wear clothing suitable for the prevailing weather

and anticipated working conditions. The minimum requirement for site

work shall be a long sleeve shirt, long trousers, safety helmet, safety

gloves, and protective footwear with steel toecap. Working without

shirt and/or in short pants, is prohibited.

Loose clothing, jewelry and unnecessary objects of clothing shall not

be worn where it might be entangled with rotating equipment or may

lead to accident or hazard.

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

When you are at work, some of theoperations you carry out may involve the

use of potentially harmful materials or

risk of injury. If this is the case you will

almost certainly be required to wear

protective clothing and equipment.

When working under permit to work thiswill be specified on the permit sheet and

must be worn as specified.

Personal protective clothing and

equipment will be issued to each

employee dependant upon the

particular work/task he is required to perform.

Every employee is required to use the personal protective

c loth ing and equipment i ssued to h im and to mainta in i t

in good condition.

Loose and torn clothing, sandals or tennis shoes are prohibited on

work areas.


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6. Safety Meetings and Information

Safety Meetings

Safety meetings shall be held on site at least weekly and shall be

conducted by your Supervisor, Foreman or Safety Engineer. Meetings

are arranged to provide you with safety information regarding your

particular work tasks. All employees shall actively participate in Daily

Tool-box Meetings and raise any relevant questions about

health and safety issues and concerns.

These meetings are solely intended for safety matters and will not beused to discuss other work problems or general grievances.

The system of communicating Health and Safety issues and

concerns is for the benefit of everyone and management

encourage you to use it.

Safety Information

Safety news bulletins on general items of interest are regularly posted

on site notice boards to provide all employees with relevant up to date

safety information.

Safety Topics

A weekly safety topic will be highlighted at sites to draw all employees

attention to a particular trend that may be resulting in accidents and/or

damage to property, vehicles or equipment. The aim of the weekly

topic is to ensure that employees are aware of a particular hazard and

to reduce or eliminate the number of accidents or occurrences arising

from this type of hazard. All employees are required to provide their full

cooperation to achieve this aim.

7. Reporting Unsafe and Hazardous Conditions

Reporting of Incidents including Near Misses and

the Corrective/Preventive Actions taken thereafter

are integral elements of improving s a f e t y

performance and protecting our workforce.

Therefore all employees shall immediately report

any Near Misses, unsafe acts, incidents and/or

accidents they observe to their Supervisor or

relevant Safety Personnel in order that corrective action can be

taken to prevent recurrence.


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All Near Miss Incidents shall be reported in order that a proactive action

may be taken to avoid future more serious occurrences. A Near Miss is

an incident that does not result in personal injury or damage to

property however a Near Miss is the least costly incident where the

most can be learned and prevention of more serious incidents can beactioned therefore these incidents when correctly reported can

contribute to providing a safe workplace for all personnel.

Situations where an imminent risk of incident is present must be

reported immediately to the first supervisor or foreman that the

employee can locate. (Situations could include the discovery of buried

services, Leaks on pressure retaining systems, spillages of harmfulmaterials, gas escapes). When warranted employees must stop all

work and clear the site to avoid accident or damage to property.

Accidents can cause immense suffering and result in a cost both to the

individual and Company. We wish you to help reduce them. If you see

a hazard, an incident or accident, report it to your Supervisor. Your

action may prevent future injuries.

Data is gathered on a regular basis with regard to type and frequency

of incidents and near misses in order to evaluate causes and in an

effort to totally eliminate or reduce future occurrence.

8. Reporting Injuries, Illnesses, Property and

Equipment Damage

All injuries and personal illness shall be reported to ensure that proper

and adequate medica l a t tent ion i s obta ined and that a l l

accidents/incidents are investigated.

All accidents that result in injury to any employee, subcontractor,

private vehicle drivers, passengers, pedestrians or site visitors shall beimmediately reported.

First give an oral report to your Supervisor, who will, with you, produce

a written report as soon as possible after the event. This report is

submitted to HSE Officer for follow up action to prevent a recurrence.

In the case of an injury when the person is sent to hospital, the hospital

staff will issue an additional report, send it to HSE department. The

Supervisor will be approached later by Safety Representative.

All accidents that result in damage to any vehicle, plant, equipment or

property shall be immediately reported.

Whenever possible THE SITE OF AN ACCIDENT SHALL NOT BE

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D I S T U R B E D, damaged vehicles, equipment and other property

shall be left undisturbed at the scene of the incident until the

accident investigation is completed.

Note: Injured personnel may need to receive immediate medical

attention and or be moved to avoid further incident. Should injuredpersons need to be moved this shall only be done under supervision

of qualified First Aid/Medical personnel unless injured persons are in

immediate danger of additional injury.

9. Accidents and Incidents

In the event of a serious accident on site, where you are not directly

involved in assisting the injured, or in the rescue team, it is essential

that you keep clear of the accident area and access routes to enable

essential personnel to reach the injured as soon as possible. You must

obey all instructions from your Supervisor, Safety Officer or Client

Representative and avoid the temptation to become an unwanted

sightseer or Additional Casualty.

1 0 . Emergency Preparedness Procedures

It is the responsibility of every employee to

familiarize himself with the Emergency Preparedness

Procedures that apply to their work location. You willreceive instructions from the Site Safety Department

and your Supervisor on what actions to take should

an emergency occur. Do not be afraid of asking

questions if you are uncertain, it may eventually save your life and

possible the lives of your fellow employees.

When you are assigned to a new work location and are not sure of the

Emergency Measures pertaining to the location you should ask your

immediate supervisor.

When working inside a controlled area such as Client Plant Facilities all

instructions regarding Safety and Emergencies given by Client

Operations personnel shall be followed.

Action to be taken in an emergency situation:

When an emergency condition exists or on hearing stop work alarm.

Every employee must ensure they:

Stop all work at once.

Shut down or de-energized all equipment.

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Evacuate all personnel to a pre-determined point (Assembly

Area).

At no time return to the workplace for any reason until informed

by Supervisor, Safety Officer or Client Representative that it is

safe to do so. Do not attempt to fight any fires unless you are specifically

trained and delegated as a firefighter.

11. Camp Safety

Accommodation units and camps pose specifichazards and Risks and extra care must be

taken to ensure that all personnel are safe.

In the interest of ensuring a high level of safety

in accommodation units on camps the following rules shall be adhered to:

All personnel are responsible to ensure that their rooms and

adjoining facilities are kept clean, organized and free from

Hazards and Risks. Personnel shall report all hazardous situations to the Camp-boss

or Safety Officer such as defective electrical equipment, fire

hazards, sightings of vermin and other situations that may pose

a risk to themselves or other residents.

Cooking is strictly forbidden in any rooms and/or closed areas.

The use of open flames such as Gas Rings, Spirit Stoves or

Charcoal Fires is strictly forbidden for any purpose inside any

camp facility including common kitchenettes. (Company

designated kitchens are exempted).

The preparation of coffee, tea etc is allowed using electric

heaters however care must be taken with electric rings and they

shall be placed upon a steel plate to protect tables/worktops.

All vehicles shall be parked safely and Speed limits shall bestrictly observed.

Personnel shall respect others and refrain from causing excessive

noise or disturbance.

Personnel found in contravention of the above will be subject to

Company Disciplinary Procedures.

12. Office Safety

It may seem that offices are safe areas. They are if personnel follow

sensible rules. Accidents have and will happen if precautions

are not taken.

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DO:

Keep desks tidy and drawers shut if not in use.

Fill the bottom drawers of filing cabinets first and only open

one drawer at a time.

Report any defects in office equipment to your head ofdepartment.

Follow the operating instructions when operating office machinery.

Ensure the VDU screens are free from glare and you are sitting correctly

at your desk. If in doubt discuss this with your supervisor.

Leave the building when you hear the office fire alarm. Find out where

you should go. (Be aware of Emergency Response Provisions).DO NOT:

Climb on chairs to get to the high shelves or the top of cupboards. Use

step ladder.

Store heavy objects on the top shelf.

Keep food on shelves or in desk drawers. Use the refrigerators or an

approved larder.

Put cups or glasses on top of electronic equipment. It might get

knocked over.

Wedge open or obstruct fire doors or exits.

Misuse or try to repair office machinery, leave it to the experts.

13. Housekeeping

A well maintained and tidy workplace decreases the

risk of accidents, injuries and fire. Waste materials

and rubbish are a fire and accident hazard. So is

leaving equipment and cables lying around after use. A place for

everything and everything in place should be the way.

Waste materials should not be permitted to accumulate. All wasteshould be placed in approved waste containers as work progresses

and in all cases at the end of each shift.

In food serving/eating areas, all rubbish and waste food shall be placed

in containers located in the area for the purpose. Containers containing

food items shall be emptied as regular as possible to avoid

pest infestation.

Always ensure that covers are replaced on waste containers after use

to prevent pests and insects being attracted to the area.

In all storage and site locations aisles, walkways and access ways shall

be kept clear of loose or surplus materials or equipment at all times.

Do not place materials or equipment against walls or fences of storage

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areas, a gap of at least 1 meter must be left between the material and

the wall or fence.

Do not Allow electric cables or welding hoses straggle about the work

place, someone will trip over them sooner or later. If they are to be

there for some time fasten them in air at convenient points, Coverthem with a guard or route them close to a wall.

Make sure you remove nails from timber before discarding the wood.

This hazard has caused many foot injuries in the past.

14. Spills and Waste Disposal

Spills should be avoided wherever possible and when

they do occur, be cleaned up as quickly as possible.

Crude o i l i s invas ive in to the ear th and can

contaminate a considerable area if left long periods.

Recovered crude should either be returned to the

process or stored at client approved site for future

disposal. No waste materials will be left in the desert or on operationalsites. The materials must be gathered in an appropriate container and

returned to store for re-use or dumped in client approved site.

When material spills are discovered the immediate action shall be to

either to completely cleanup the area, surround the spill with a barrier

or cover the spill with sand, soil or sawdust to avoid anyone slipping

and causing injury.

Where waste is accumulated regularly, arrangements must be made for

waste containers.

DO:

Leave the site in the same/or better condition as it was when you

arrived. Regular pick up al l your waste materials.

DO NOT:

NEVER put your waste into an unapproved pit. Covering over ofrubbish is forbidden.

NEVER transport waste materials or sand etc. without a cover or net

over the load to stop others receiving it uninvited.

15. First Aid

FIRST AID is available to all personnel

All personnel treated from the first aid box must be

reported to Project HSE Officer.

Make sure you know where the first aid box in your area and who is

designated First Aid Attendant.

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If you feel ill during working hours, report it to your Supervisor in order

to seek medical help.

In particular you should seek immediate aid if you:

Develop any unusual problems, such as a skin rash, dermatitis etc.

Are splashed with a chemical (First wash affected parts by

quantities of cool water).

Feel unwell when working with chemicals (Immediately move to

fresh air).

First Aid Training

Designated employees shall be given instruction on basic first aid bythe site Safety/Medical staff.

Medical tips may also be published on a regular basis and posted at

Bulletin Boards.

First aid demonstrations may also be introduced on a regular basis by

the site nurse.

Basic First Aid TipsThe initial minutes after an injury or medical crisis frequently are the

most important. The key is in knowing what to do, remaining calm, and

making a decision to act. Every medical emergency can be handled if

you just stay calm and do not panic.

Some tips on dealing with specific injuries are as follows however if

there is a trained person available they should take the lead inadministering first aid and other staff should stay clear unless

asked for assistance.

Severe Bleeding

To stop serious bleeding, follow these steps:Lay the affected person down. If possible, the

persons head should be slightly lower than the

trunk of his body or the legs should be elevated. This position increases

blood flow to the brain. Elevate the site of the bleeding if possible this

should reduce the blood flow to the injured area and reduce bleeding.

Do not attempt to clean the wound.

Apply steady, firm pressure directly to the wound using a sterile

bandage, a clean cloth, or your hand. Maintain pressure until the

bleeding stops, then wrap the wound with a tight dressing and secure

it with adhesive tape. Most bleeding can be control led this way.

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Call for emergency help immediately.

Make sure you are aware of Emergency Contact

Numbers.

If the bleeding continues and seeps through thebandage, add more absorbent material. Do not remove

the first.

If the bleeding does not stop, apply pressure to the major artery that

delivers blood to the area of the injury.

When the bleeding has stopped, immobilize the injured portion of the

body. You can use another part of the body, such as a leg or torso, toimmobilize the area. Leave the bandages in place and take the person

for immediate medical attention or call for emergency help.

Burns

Follow these steps when treating minor burns:

I f the sk in i s not broken, run cool water

ove r t he burn for several minutes.

Cover (But do not wrap) the burn with a sterile bandage or clean cloth.

Seek emergency treatment immediately for major burns. Until an

emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:

Remove the person from the source of the burn (fire, electrical

current, etc.).If the person is not breathing, and you are trained begin mouth-to-

mouth resuscitation immediately.

Remove all smoldering clothing to stop further burning.

If the person is breathing sufficiently, cover the burned area with a

cool, moist, sterile bandage or clean cloth. Do place any creams,

ointments or ice on the burned area or break blisters.

Electrical Injuries

Everyone experiences minor electrical shocks from time

to time. In some cases, however, even small amounts of

electricity can be life-threatening because they can produceunconsciousness, cardiac arrest, and cessation of breathing. Electrical

shocks also can produce serious, deep burns and tissue injury,

although often even a serious electrical burn appears as only a minor

mark on the skin. If you find a person whom you think has been

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electrocuted, look first-do not touch. He or she may still be in contact

with the electrical source, and touching him or her may only pass the

current through you.

If possible, turn off the source of electricity. If this is not possible, move

the source away from you and the affected person using a non-

conducting object made of dry wood/cardboard or plastic, or wood.

Once the person is free of the source of electricity, check the persons

breathing and pulse. If either has stopped or seems dangerously slow

or shallow, initiate resuscitation immediately if you are trained to do

so. If the person is faint or pale or shows other signs of shock (see

Recognizing and Treating Shock), lay the person down with the head

slightly lower than the trunk of his or her body and the legs elevated.

Treat any major burns (see Treating Burns) and wait for emergency

medical assistance to arrive.

Heat Related Emergencies

Heat exhaustion occurs when your heart and

vascular system do not respond properly to high

temperatures. The symptoms of heat exhaustion

resemble shock and include faintness, rapid

heartbeat, low blood pressure, an ashenappearance, cold clammy skin, and nausea. If you

suspect heat exhaustion, get the person out of the sun and into a cool

spot. Lay the person down and elevate his or her feet slightly. Loosen

or remove most or all of the persons clothing. Give the person cold

(not iced) water to drink.

The main indication of heat stroke is a fever of 105 degrees Fahrenheit

with hot, dry skin. Other signs include rapid heartbeat, rapid and

shallow breathing, either elevated or lowered blood pressure, and

confusion or unconsciousness. If you suspect heat stroke, get the

person out of the sun and into a cool spot. Cool the person by covering

him or her with damp sheets or spraying with water.

Direct air onto the person with a fan or a newspaper, and monitor thepersons temperature with a thermometer. Stop cooling the person

when his or her temperature returns to normal. If breathing ceases,

start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if you are trained to do so. Heat

stroke is an emergency that needs immediate medical attention.

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Shock

A variety of symptoms appear in a person experiencing shock:

The skin may appear pale or grey, and is cool and clammy to the touch.

The heartbeat is weak and rapid, and breathing is slow and shallow.The blood pressure is reduced.

The eyes lack shine and seem to stare. Sometimes the pupils

are dilated.

The person may be conscious or unconscious. If conscious, the person

may faint or be very weak or confused. On the other hand, shock

sometimes causes a person to become overly excited and anxious.Even if a person seems normal after an injury, take precautions and

treat the person for shock by following these steps:

Get the person to lie down on his or her back and elevate the feet

h igher than the person s head. Keep the person f rom

moving unnecessarily.

Keep the person warm and comfortable. Loosen tight clothing and

cover the person with a blanket. Do not give the person anything

to drink.

If the person is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth, place the person

on his or her side to prevent choking.

Treat any injuries appropriately (bleeding, broken bones, etc.).

Summon emergency medical assistance immediately.

16. Vehicle Safety and Desert Driving

Drivers of company vehicles shall have current, valid Government

license for the class of vehicle being driven.

Every driver shall familiarize himself with and comply with all

Government traffic regulations.SPEED KILLS

There are no acceptable excuses for Speeding.

If you observe any company driver speeding it is your

duty to report this as it may prevent an accident.

Passengers shall only be carried in the passenger

compartments of cars, truck and buses. Passenger shall not be carried

in the back of pick-ups on truck beds, on cranes, or on other items of

equipment.

Seat belts shall be worn at all times by drivers and

passengers in all vehicles except buses where there may

be an exemption.

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Driving on desert roads can be very hazardous. If you drive off road as

part of your occupation observe the following:

DO:

Drive carefully and be aware of other road users and pedestrians.

Observe special limits.Drive within the road conditions and use your dipped head lights when

it is difficult to see others.

DO NOT:

NEVERovertake on the inside.

N E V E R make any sudden changes in direction, unless to avoid

another vehicle.NEVERtake your eyes off the road and mirror.

NEVERtake your hands off the wheel.

NEVERuse mobile telephone while driving or at a fuel filling facility.

REMEMBER!

It is not a sign of weakness to be considerate of others.

When intending to drive in the desert, ensure your vehicle is properly

serviced to minimize the possibility of breakdown.

DO:

Ensure you have means for basic survival on board. (Water, Food,

Spare wheel Jack, Sand Mats, Shovel, First Aid Kit, Fire Extinguisher).

Ensure you have been logged out from office before proceeding to

your route and destination.

Ensure someone is aware of your destination.Stick to the agreed route, or if it is necessary to change, ensure this

information is passed back.

Take a radio or mobile phone with you and check in at agreed times.

If you do break down:

NEVERuse all water, fuel, etc. at once. Ration it.

NEVERuse physical exertion when it can be avoided.

NEVERmove away from your vehicle.

REMEMBER!

If you are involved in a traffic accident, do not move the vehicle;

inform your Supervisor, Project Engineer, or HSE Officer. Do not

admit to any blame either before or after police arrive, unless you

are informed to do so by company representative such as project

or department manager.

17. Fire Prevention & Protection

The risk of fire in the construction industry is normally high due to the

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types of process and materials handled, with varied

quantities and types of flammable substances. All personnel

should be careful when carrying out their work to avoid, as

fa r as poss ib le , the break ing of conta inment o f

any f lammable substance and the genera t ion of ign i t ion sources .

Nearly all fires and explosions require a combination of

fuel, oxygen, heat and/or ignition source. Keep anyone of

these elements away from the others and the risk of fire

will be considerably reduced. If possible it is even more

safe if two of these items are eliminated or under strictcontrol. Normally it is not possible to control the third,

since it is in the air we breathe, although efforts are made to do even

this and examples are nitrogen blanketing and purging of plant.

Each employee shall comply with the following fire prevention,

detection and control requirements:

1. Do not smoke in No Smoking areas.

2. Practice good housekeeping at all times and place rubbish in the

containers provided for that purpose.

3. Do not tamper with fire extinguishers, hoses or any other

equipment intended to detect and/or fight fires. (The life you save

may be yours!).

4. Promptly report all damaged, faulty or empty fire extinguishers to

your supervisors so that corrective action can be taken.5. Be aware of fire alarm locations and warning signals, and ensure

you are aware of the Emergency Response Procedure in case of

fire when the alarm is heard.

6. All emergency exits and fire escape areas shall be kept clear.

7. Mobile telephones are a recognized ignition source and as such

have caused incidents in the past. Mobile telephones should be

switched off in areas where flammable materials are stored

or handled.

8. Fueling of Equipment:

No engine driven equipment shall be refueled while

the engine is running.

Where fuel cans are used, they shall be of a safe

mater ia l . P las t i c conta iners sha l l not beus ed for f u e l .

Smoking, Mobile Telephones, Battery operated equipment or open

flames are prohibited within 20 meters of fuel storage tanks

or pumps.

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All fuel storage tanks shall be clearly marked as to contents,

electrically grounded and any damage or leaks that are discovered

shall be reported to Safety Officers or Foremen.

All spills shall be cleaned immediately.

All "No Smoking Areas" such as gasoline tank and pump areas, gas

cylinder storage and flammable item storage areas shall be kept free of

combustible items.

Do not allow oily rags or flammable materials to accumulate as they

constitute a high risk of fire.

DO:

Learn your emergency procedures; you might not have much timewhen you need to know.

Report empty or damaged fire extinguishers.

Know the types of fire extinguisher, and which type of fire to use

them on.

Tidy up after yourself, waste paper, rags, and other wastes are strong

supporters of combustion.

Ensure that when smoking you use the ashtrays provided and ensure

all cigarette butts are completely extinguished even in areas

designated as Safe.

Practice fire prevention in everything you do, remember to minimize

the use of ignition sources and try to spot any fire hazards. If any are

noted, inform your Supervisor immediately.

DO NOT:NEVERtreat fire carelessly, it can be a terrible enemy.

NEVERobstruct, or restrict the use of any fire equipment.

NEVERpush buttons or modify or interfere in any way with equipment

you have no knowledge or authority to deal with.

NEVER use any electrical equipment unless it is of the

appropriate classification.NEVERleave lids or covers off containers e.g. pain, solvents.

NEVERuse naked flame or unapproved equipment in hazardous areas,

unless you have authority in writing.

NEVERmisuse fire fighting equipment, it may be needed in a

hurry one day.

Never ever block or obstruct fire escapes or exits.

18. Fire Fighting Equipment

Portable fire extinguishers are only designed to extinguish small fires.

Fire extinguishers are classified according to the type of fire

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they can extinguish.

1. The most common type of extinguisher used is the

multi purpose (ABC or ABCE) dry chemical powder.

This type of extinguisher is suitable for use on all types

of fire likely to be encountered inclusive of electricalfires.

2. Other types of fire extinguisher include:

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extinguisher.

These are suitable for use on electrical fires and also fires involving

flammable liquid. This type of extinguisher can be found in kitchens

and computer rooms.

Users must take care when operating CO2

Extinguishers.

Only personnel specifically trained should operate this

type of equipment as there are specific dangers

associated with their use including pressure release,

sever cold contact surfaces and danger

of asphyxiation.

The extinguisher has a horn shaped nozzle through

which the gas is discharged under pressure during use.

It is essential that the user holds the horn by the handle and not the

horn itself as this could result the user receiving frostbite to his hand

while the gas is being discharged.If the extinguisher is used in a confined space, the user must ensure he

leaves the area immediately as he could be suffocated by the gas.

Foam or Water Fire Extinguishers.

These should never be used on electrical fires because of the danger

of electrocution to the user.Foam extinguishers are suitable for use on most types of general fires

including oils and combustible materials such as wood.

Fire Blankets

Fire Blankets are also a very useful tool in fighting fires

and can be used to smother small fires as an initial action

to prevent them getting out of control.

Fire blankets should not be used to try to swat out a fire

as this could result in spreading the fire or splashing

yourself or colleagues with burning materials.

3. Safety Representatives will conduct regular training sessions on

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site to ensure you are aware of the correct use of fire

extinguishers. In addition specific Fire Fighting training sessions

will be conducted for Safety personnel and Supervisory Staff.

19. Electricity

Electricity is a very important energy source. It provides

motive power, energy for welding, helps control plant,

conveys signals and speech for us and lights our way at

night. It also has other properties, you cannot see or smell it, unless

things have gone wrong and unless it is controlled properly things cango wrong to the extreme.

It can ignite flammable gases, it can cause fires to start, can cause

explosions and it can shock and even kill people.

So, since we must have it for the benefits it brings, we must

also take actions to control it.

All electric power circuits shall be treated as if they are energized

(LIVE).

P er son ne l s ha l l n ev er t a mp er w i th e le ct r ic a l

installations.

Only authorized and quali fied electricians shall repair,

adjust or conduct work on electrical equipment.

Any damaged or defective electrical installation or equipment

shall be immediately reported to your supervisor. Only approved types of electrical extension cables shall be used

in the jobsite.

Only approved plugs, fittings, cable joints and sockets shall be

used, the unsafe practice of inserting bare electrical wires into

sockets is not allowed.

All tools and equipment shall be correctly grounded or fitted withEarth Leakage Trips.

W eld in g c ab les sh al l be t er min at ed an d s pl ic ed in a

proper manner.

Keep electric and welding cable away from water, oil, heat and

sharp edges. If left in gangways, cables may be accidentally cut or

cause someone to trip, whenever possible they should be

fastened overhead.

Ensure supply cable is long enough; if it is too short ask for a

proper extension.

Keep all electrical switch rooms and transformers bays in a clean

and tidy condition in case isolation required in an emergency.

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Keep scaffolding poles, cranes, vehicles and ladders away from

overhead wires.

Do not improvise a junction box, e.g. jam wires in sockets with

match sticks or nails force a plug into a wrong socket.

Avoid using ordinary plastic domestic socket outlets on anindustrial duty. More robust equipment is needed.

Do not carry or lift a piece of portable equipment with its cable.

Overhead Electrical Power Lines

If work is needed to be performed under or near

overhead lines, proper coordination with the

responsible organization or owner of the power line

shall be made. A work permit is normally required

when working in close proximity to Power Lines and this shall be in

place and all the safety precautionary measures stated on the permit

complied with prior to work commencing. The line shall when required

be de-energized and grounded. In addition whatever recommendedprotective measures shall be provided before work is started. If the

lines are to be de-energized, arrangement shall be made with the

person or organization that operates or control the lines. This

precaution is specifically intended to prevent equipment or employees

from contacting such lines directly with any part of their body or

indirectly through conductive material, tools or equipment which couldin severe cases result in death.

Cranes shall follow limits of approach to overhead power lines 250 KV

and below = 20 feet; above 250 KV = 25 ft.

20. Noise

Prolonged exposure to noise canpermanently damage hearing. It does not

have to be loud, prolonged exposure can

often be more damaging. It is therefore

important to be aware of the noisy areas where you work, and

to wear protection when the signs indicate the need.

The best form of protecting yourself against noise is to limit or totally

avoid exposure. When this is not possible P.P.E. must be used.

There are essentially two types of Personal Protective Equipment to

protect your hearing the use of ear plugs or inserts, earplugs are usually

good for brief spells in the noisy area however earmuffs are more

comfortable for wearing over longer periods.

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DO:

Find out where the noisy areas are in your WORK PLACE.

Use the protection provided.

Make sure you know how to wear it. If in doubt ask, even ear plugs

must be properly applied.DO NOT:

NEVERinsert ear plugs with dirty hands.

NEVERgo into a noisy area without protection even for a quick job. It

may end up longer than you think.

21. Pressurized SystemsMuch of the plant piping and equipment we work alongside is normally at

a pressure above the surrounding atmosphere.

When properly managed there is no danger, but the sudden rupture of

even a small piece of equipment can release a devastating amount

of energy.

For example, a gas cylinder from which the neck has been broken canbe thrown for over 500 meters.

Systems containing liquids although not as hazardous as gas can also

injure. Not only can fittings be shot off at high velocity but jets of liquids

can blind, or even cause puncture wounds in the flesh, sometimes with

fatal results.

DO:

Know and respect your plant and if you suspect anything wrong, report

it to your Supervisor.

Make sure pressure has been released before a pressure system

is opened.

Make sure any fittings added to a pressure system are of the correct

type and rating.

Make sure screw threads used are clean, in good condition and arefully tightened.

DO NOT:

NEVERuse thread sealing tape unless approval is given. Tape is not

substitute for worn threads.

N E V E R go near to plant under test unless you are part of the

testing team.

NEVER subject equipment under pressure to shock loads, such as

hammering or being dropped.

NEVER apply heat to anything under pressure including welding,

without the proper approval.

NEVERisolate safety relief valves.

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22. Pressure Testing

This is specialized work requiring special

precautions to avoid danger. Treat any systemunder test with caution and remember, the

stored energy in gas pressured (pneumatic)

system is much higher than that in a system

under liquid (hydraulic) pressure.

In all cases a specific Testing Procedure or Method Statement shall be

prepared inclusive of indicating:

Maximum Test Pressure.

Relief Valve Settings.

Responsibilities.

Hazard Identification.

DO:

Test hydraulically whenever possible.

If using oil or other flammable material as testing fluid always

ensure that the flashpoint is well above the temperature of

ad jacen t l i nes and equ ipment espec ia l l y on Ho t

Tapping Operations.

Ensure there are no energy reservoirs such as accumulators or

dampeners active in a system before testing commences.

Ensure air or gas is completely bled out before applying thehydraulic pressure.

Make full use of your eye protection and protective clothing.

Make sure you know what pressure the system and its fittings will take

and the means to generate the pressure will not exceed the

maximum setting.

DO NOT:NEVERtest pneumatically without full authorization.

NEVERgo near system under test, until a reasonable time has elapsed

once set pressure has been attained.

N E V E R go near to plant under test unless you are part of the

testing team.

NEVERisolate safety relief valves.

N E V E Rremove plugs from any pressurized system before depressurizing it.

NEVER subject equipment under pressure to shock loads, such as

hammering or being dropped.

NEVER apply heat to anything under pressure including welding,

without the proper approval.

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23. Scaffolds, Ladders and Working at Height

A fall when working above ground can be serious or even fatal. An

important part of any safe working programme is the provision of safe

access to Project site, for construction, inspection or maintenance.

Temporary or permanent platforms over 2 meters high must conform

to strict requirements regarding structure, handrails, toe boarding and

access ladders. If you have to work where proper platforms are not

available, then you must wear safety harness and an attached

anchor line.

All activities that cannot be performed safely from a ladder, amotorized man lift or an approved personnel hoisting device shall be

done from scaffolding erected and inspected by certified personnel.

DO:

Get permission before going onto a scaffold, it may not be completed.

Ensure the access ladder is fastened at the top and that a ladder is

provided for all levels.

Report to your Supervisor if you notice any cracked or missing boards,

they need to be replaced.Ensure you apply the brakes on a wheeled platform.

Ensure a ladder is lashed at the top or footed by other person.

Ensure you maintain 3 points of contact with the ladder.

Get help if you need to move a long ladder.

DO NOT:

NEVERover reach from a ladder or descend with equipment in bothhands. ALWAYS use a tool belt or hoist line.

NEVERleave loose tools or materials on the scaffolds work platforms.

NEVERmake or use home made ladders. Those made with nails are

also not acceptable.

NEVERride on a mobile scaffold, as it is move from one job to another.

NEVERmake any unauthorized changes to your scaffold.

NEVERthrow items down from scaffolds, either pass them or let them

down by chain or rope.

NEVERwork from a scaffold over 10 meters high that has not been

anchored to the structure.

NEVERwalk upon scaffold poles, Scaffolds must be fully boarded.

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NEVERwork on a roof with holes or climb out of windows that have

not been protected by barriers.

24. Work Permits (Also Termed as Permits to Work)

The work permit system authorizes specified construction,

maintenance, inspection or repair work to be conducted in the

restricted areas. The work permit serves as an official written record of

conditions and requirements agreed upon by the issuer and receiver. It

lists the equipment to be utilized, minimum safety measures to be

taken and hazards which must be controlled.Restricted areas are those areas designated that require work permits.

Those areas include electrical installations, areas around power lines,

railways, major roads, oil handling facilities, pipelines, radioactive and

explosive handling area.

Permit to work must be obtained by the certified permit receiver and

be kept on the jobsites at all time and must be extended or closed after

the duration of the permit.

Work permits once open are the responsibility of the receiver whose

responsibility it is to ensure stipulated conditions are complied with,

the receiver should not delegate his responsibility unless for a very

short time and to a responsible and knowledgeable deputy.

Work Permit receivers should not receive permits for multiple areas

however can receive multiple permits in the same area fordifferent activities.

Either the issuer or the receiver can revoke a work permit if hazardous

situation develops after work starts or if there is any change of

circumstances likely to affect safe working condition.

A WORK PERMIT gives the permission. It clearly states:

- What is to be done;- Where;

- When;

- Methodology and equipment;

- And precautions to be taken to avoid incidents.

If you are Job Performer or working under a permit you should clearly

understand the requirements stated, for your own and your colleagues

safety. If you do not understand, ask!

Ensure no work commences until a permit is signed and issued.

All permits require, at least, the signature of the ISSUING AUTHORITY

who has made out the permit and the Job Performer or Receiving

Authority who has signed his understanding of the requirements.

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These requirements must be strictly followed.

The following types of permits are samples used in Projects.

Cold Work

Required to cover general work, use of air driven tools, non sparkling

hand tools, scaffolding, painting, chemical cleaning, water washing etc. Hot Work

When a source or potential source of ignition is being used, such as

welding, torch cutting, grinding, using sparking tools, non certified

electrical equipment, etc.

Confined Space Entry

Is used to ensure safe working conditions for the entry of persons intoa confined space. It is not to allowed to enter or work in confined

spaces without this permit. (Confined space definition changes

dependant upon Client, Plant and country laws).

Isolation Confirmation

Such permit is required for any work on any live equipment that needs

to be isolated from the energy source.

Excavation

This is required for excavation work, regardless of depth when

specified in client procedures. It must be applied for before

work commences.

25. Safety Signs and Notices

Safety signs are an important feature of any loss prevention

programme. They are also important to you giving you information or

warning. It is in everyones interest to obey them.

DO:

Watch for and obey speed road signs.

Obey all Speed Limit Signs.

Look out for symbols on containers, e.g. corrosive, flammable, toxic etc.

There will also be a label which states the precautions when handling.

DO NOT:

NEVERgo past barriers, plastic tape barriers, a broad band of black and

yellow (or red) diagonal stripes, these all are intended to draw

attention to a hazard and may be used in addition to safety signs, but

not as a substitute.

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26. Rigging and Lifting Operations

Cranes

Only trained, certified and competent employees are allowed to

operate cranes. No unauthorized persons are allowed to operate or

ride on a crane.

Crane operators shall take signals from a certified rigger, a single

person shall be designated to signal crane operators to avoid confusion

and reduce the risk of incident.

Employees shall never ride the crane hook or the load. The crane

operator will be held responsible in any cases reported or discovered.Should personnel attempt to ride hooks or loads the crane operator

shall immediately stop the lifting operations.

Loads shall not be swung over employees, pressure vessels or other

areas where any item dropping could result in a serious incident.

Personnel shall be made aware of the danger within the turning radius

of the crane by way of signs, barriers, warning devices such as horns or

a watchman being designated.

Forklift Trucks

Only trained, certified and competent employees are

allowed to operate forklifts.

No unauthorized persons are allowed to operate or ride

on a forklift.Employees shall never ride the forklift or the load. The operator will be

held responsible in any cases reported or discovered. Should

personnel attempt to ride the equipment or loads the operator shall

immediately stop the operations.

When descending a gradient with a load it should be noted that to

reverse down is less of a risk and should be the preferred method.Loads shall be checked to ensure they are secure no matter what the

distance is that they will be carried, special care should be taken with

compressed gas cylinders and pipes as they can easily roll free.

Lifting Equipment and Tackle

Only qualified riggers are permitted to select and inspect lifting

equipment to be used on critical lifting operations.

All equipment inclusive of belts, chains, shackles, wires and man-

baskets shall be inspected before use. Defective equipment shall be

immediately reported to your supervisor and should not be used.

Many factors can reduce the safe working load of lifting equipment and

they include sever cold or heat, sudden shocks, angles of loading, and

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unseen wear and stresses. Care must be taken when selecting

equipment for a specific task and an additional safety margin be

allowed for when possible.

Nylon type belts should not be used where there is a possibility of

damage from contact with the load otherwise a protective insert shallbe used.

Personnel may only be lifted in certified man baskets.

Rigging shall be stored correctly prior to and after use.

Where possible a pre-planned lifting plan should be formulated

detailing all types and capacities of lifting equipment to be used for a

specific operation. Planning enhances Performance andReduces Risks.

27. Manual Handling

Manual Handling and moving of objects and loads is a

very common activity experience in the construction

industry and includes Digging, Pulling, lifting and

pushing activities.

Personnel can suffer serious injuries when basic rules and techniquesare not followed.

Some basic rules include:

DO:

Be aware of your own limitations when handling loads. Get help if you

need it.

Seek training if you do this work regularly.

Prepare the place where you are going to put the load.DO NOT:

NEVERhandle heavy loads without gloves.

NEVERlower a heavy load onto a surface trapping your fingers.

NEVER let go suddenly, particularly if you are sharing a load with

another person.

NEVERforget to keep your feet clear of the load.

28. Hand and Portable Tools

Hand Tools

The main causes of most accidents are: using the wrong

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tool, improper use, or poor maintenance of the tools.

Hand tools shall only be used for their intended purpose and home

made tools shall not be used. Worn, damaged or broken tools shall be

returned to the stores for replacement.

DO:Look after your tools and keep them clean. Ensure all wedges

remain tight.

Always use the correct tools for the job. Never use the spanner

as a hammer.

Use spanners that fit the nut or bolt head.

Keep chisels and hammers free from burrs and mushroom heads. Thisparticularly applies to brass tool which quickly deform.

Wear eye protection when using striking tools.

DO NOT:

NEVERuse worn or damaged tools.

NEVERuse hammers picks etc. which have wooden handles once they

are split or splintered.NEVERuse a file without its handle.

Power Tools

These run by electricity or may be pneumatic, the choice of which to

use, will depend upon the task or the conditions. For example it is

preferable to use air powered tools in an area where flammable

materials may be released.DO:

Ensure your portable electrical equipment is approved for use.

Before using, inspect for good supply connections that cable or tubing

is not damaged.

Ensure that if the equipment you are using, is or becomes damaged, it

is taken out of service immediately.Make sure trailing cable is not a tripping hazard.

Take care of grinding wheels, they operate at high speeds and can

easily become unbalanced, making them difficult to use or

even dangerous.

Make sure all air hose connections are tight. A sudden disconnection

of an air hose can inflict severe injury. Remember to switch off each

time you stop working with the tool.

Get used to wearing eye protection when using pneumatic tools.

Ensure materials are secure prior to drilling/grinding work.

DO NOT:

N E V E Rpick up or handle tools with the cable or hose, you may strain or damage

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it, causing further hazards.

NEVERforget ear muffs/plugs when using a pneumatic tools, some are

very noisy.

NEVERremove earthing from power tools.

Cartridge Operated Tools

These types of tools constitute very high risk of incident and injury and

shall only be operated by trained, competent personnel.

Some Basic rules for use include:

No employee shall handle or operate cartridge tools or cartridges

unless they are specifically trained to do so.

Tools and Cartridges when not in use shall be stored in a lockablemetal container clearly marked as to the contents.

All tools shall be carefully inspected prior to each use.

No guards or attachments are to be removed or tampered with.

The operator and any personnel in the vicinity shall wear eye

and ear protection.

Tools shall only be loaded with cartridges immediately prior to use andshall be unloaded if work is stopped.

Tools must be placed tight against the fixing material during use.

Operators and personnel in the vicinity shall wear eye and

ear protection.

29. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

H2S is a very toxic substance. It appears from different sources in our

operations, but our approach is the same. H2S can be generated in the

reservoir and is brought to the surface with the crude. It may also be

present in drains or sewers where it has been generated by

bacteriological action. The characteristics smell of rotten eggs is an

indication of its presence in small quantities. It is heavier than air andin addition to being very toxic, is also flammable. Regular over

exposure dulls the sense of smell, increasing exposure causing

headaches and irritation of the eyes, through to 800 ppm or more

being instantly fatal.

It is therefore important to be aware and take precautions.

Immediately report to your Supervisor if you suspect H2S to be present,

in or around the area where you are working.

Always be aware of wind direction, upwind side of your work location

and the location of wind socks on the work site.

Know the agreed alarm that will be used to signify an emergency and

the actions you are required to take.

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Make sure you understand what to do in the event of an emergency. If

you are in doubt, ask your Supervisor.

If you are supplied with any type of breathing apparatus or escape

mask, to use in the event of leak and have not been trained in its use

inform your supervisor.Work in pairs if you are expected to work in BA/escape mask in the

presence of H2S.

Do not move into an area to rescue a person, if H2S is the risk, unless

you are prepared and have the correct equipment.

Do not remove your mask until you know that the air is clear.

Do not rely only on your sense of smell as the method of determiningthe presence of H2S.

30. Radioactive Substances

We see increasing use of radioactive sources and the types

of activities involving them, e.g. Non Destructive

Examination of metals and welds, use of trace elements,

level, compaction and density measurement.

Radio-active substances are being used more and more in industry

mainly for an ability to penetrate normally opaque materials. X-rays in

hospital, weld testing on plants and pipelines, level and density

measurement, testing oil flow in wells and for smoke detection in a fire

monitoring system.

There are many uses for these materials however radio-active

substances require careful control since they can cause damage to

humans if invisible particles given off are allowed to penetrate the

body or solid matter is ingested.

There are only two method of reducing or eliminating exposure to

radiation Distance and Shielding and they should be considered in that

order, Where possible ensure you are at a safe distance and NEVER

cross a radiation control barrier.

DO:

Wash thoroughly before smoking, eating or drinking, if you have been

working with, or close to any area, where radio-active substances have

been handled or stored.

Obey radiation warnings and keep out any barriered area.

If you are a worker that deals with this equipment always wear your

film badge and treat the source with great respect.

Report any defects in equipment.

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33

DO NOT:

NEVERtake risks and make do with equipment that is not functioning

safely.

NEVERenter a barriered area unless you have been authorized to do

so and know what you are doing.NEVERmove or open a container with a radio-active sign on it unless

you know that it is safe to do so.

The only positively safe level of exposure is ZERO,

Distance is your best friend when dealing with Radiation.

31. Painting and Abrasive Blasting

Abrasive Blasting

Abrasive blasting is a method of cleaning materials using pressurized

air or water and an abrasive material such as metal shot, grit or other

materials and as such presents specific health and safety hazards. The

use and operation of abrasive blasting equipment should not be taken

lightly. Equipment should only be used by trained personnel who are

fully aware of the hazards and risks and how to avoid or

minimize them.

UNDER NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES A WORK PERMIT (OR PERMIT TO

WORK) IS REQUIRED FOR ABRASIVE BLASTING.

Some basic requirements to ensure safe working include:

Abrasive blasting is an ignition source and fire protection measuresshould be taken. Do not store or use paint, solvents or thinners in the

same area that blasting is or will be conducted.

Good housekeeping is of high importance in order to reduce the

chances of fire or personnel tripping while working.

Warning signs must be posted around the blasting zone or perimeters

of the area.All equipment should be regularly inspected and any worn or defective

parts replaced.

Abrasive blasting equipment utilize pressure retaining parts and care

should be taken to avoid exposure to sudden shock or excessive heat.

Equipment should be located on level surface with minimum chance

of being struck or displaced.

Blasting should not be performed when wind direction and velocity

may carry visible dust to unprotected persons.

Operators must use heavy gloves and aprons and wear safety shoes.

Eye, face, respiratory and hearing protection must be used by all

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Equipment should be fitted with a dead man switch.

Ensure nozzles are attached to the hose correctly to prevent accidental

disengagement.

Only join lengths of hose together with correctly rated connector.

Earth connection should be fitted to prevent static energy.

Painting

Spray painting causes hazards from high concentrations of vapor,

which could result in fire explosion or oxygen deficiency in a confined

space area.

Brush painting can also be hazardous if paint flicks from the brush, intosomeones eye.

DO:

Wear the correct gloves, ear protection, overalls.

Make sure your area is barriered off to stop persons coming too close.

Apply barrier creams to your hands before using paints and solvents.

Ensure you wash before eating food, after such work.

Know the substance you are applying, some epoxy paints or resins are

highly toxic and can cause chemical burns.

DO NOT:

NEVERleave paint cans open and unattended.

NEVER leave full and empty cans mixed in a pile. Paint should be

properly stored in steel enclosures. Labels are required on the outside

e.g. toxic, flammable.NEVER fool with spray guns and grit blasting kit. Air less paint spray

guns in particular operate at high pressure and can inject paint under

the skin causing serious wound or enter the eye. Protective overalls

and eye protection are important.

NEVERsmoke when spraying, mixing and pouring paint and solvent.

32. Welding and Cutting

Three major hazards are presented by welding and cutting

work, the obvious danger is of fire, possible danger to

health resulting from fumes or UV light from electric arc

welding and electric shock. Therefore welding and cutting

work shall be controlled, usually through the work permit system. You

can help by observing the following:

DO:

Make sure you know what cond i t ions a re s ta ted

on the work permit.

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Make sure you have a fire extinguisher at hand, and that you know

how to use it.

Make full use of your eye protection and protective clothing.

Compressed Gas CylindersSecure gas cylinders in a safe place, in upright position

even better if they are in a purpose made trolley or rack.

Carefully inspect all equipment, hoses and cables before

use and discard or replace those pieces found faulty in

some way.

Ensure there is adequate ventilation, some welding off gases areextremely toxic.

Try and ensure hoses are least likely to cause a tripping hazard and are

not exposed to damage.

Leave cylinder key with the bottles.

DO NOT:

N E V E R use combustible materials or drums that have

contained flammable materials to support your work.

NEVER leave Pressurized equipment unattended. Always, turn off gas.

NEVER transport cylinders with hose and regulator steel attached

unless on a purpose made trolley.

NEVERput gas cylinders into confined space, they may leak.

NEVERroll cylinders on their side, or drop or man handle with gauges

still fitted.

Electric Arc Welding

Accidents can be prevented by:

The welder being qualified and experienced in the work.

Using a safe system, both to prevent and fight fires.

Applying a proper protection for the electrical parts and theengine. Particularly in a hazardous area.

DO:

Insulate both the supply and return cables throughout

their length.

Attach earth clamps right back to the work piece. (Spring grips or

bolted type).

Have an appropriate fire extinguisher at each generator.

Ensure cable joints are made with approved insulated connectors.

Protect others from the arc by using screens.

Run a welding generator set in a hazardous area without a permit.

Leave electrodes in holder when not in use.

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33. Confined Spaces

There is much confusion on the term Confined Space

however to simplify, a confined space can be defined as

an area with limited access or egress, has limited flow of

breathable air or contains/has contained chemicals/gases or materials

harmful to health.

Even after taking precautions working in confined spaces can never be

termed as safe therefore continued vigilance is required to ensure that

the precautions selected remain able to address specific and

changing conditions.NEVER enter a confined space unless you are absolutely sure all

necessary precautions have been taken to protect you and your

fellow employees.

Remember IF IN DOUBT STAY OUT.

A complete and comprehensive evaluation of the workplace and

associated hazards should be conducted prior to any personnel

entering confined spaces.

Correct P.P.E. shall be issued and when this includes Breathing

Apparatus or Respirators the users shall be specifically trained in the

use of such equipment.

Other precautions to be taken are to ensure adequate escape routes,

provide tag lines to personnel and assignment of watchman.

34. Chemicals

There are thousands of chemicals in existence and

hundreds of new ones are being developed for

commercial use every year. While almost all of these

chemicals are beneficial in some ways, they can bedangerous too. In fact of the thousands of chemicals in existence, It is

difficult to find any that are absolutely harmless. When dealing with an

unfamiliar chemical, It is always wise to assume that it is hazardous.

The exposure to hazards associated with material depends largely on

its proper identification, handling, usage, transport, storage and

disposal. In addition, materials which may be completely harmless in

one application may be deadly in another.

Many of the chemical substances used by industry are potentially

harmful, but can be used safely if the correct precautions are taken. The

precautions needed are stated on the Material Safety Data Sheet for

each particular chemical. These are provided by manufacturers and are

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available in the department handling the chemicals, stores, QA/QC,

and HSE Department. The data sheets state the hazards, e.g.

flammable, or corrosive, the effect on the body and First Aid actions,

what to do in case of fire etc.

There are too many chemicals and too many possible combinations todeal with them individually. There are many sources of information on

the identification, safe storage, transportation and disposal of

chemicals. If anyone is unsure or feels they need more information to

ensure hazards and risks may be avoided they should contact their

immediate Supervisor or responsible Safety Officer.

The proper identification and labeling of chemicals is a very importantsafety precaution.

When dealing with all chemicals it should initially be assumed they are

harmful unless evidence is available to the contrary. Precaution should

be taken to ensure that personnel do not swallow, inhale or allow it to

contact their skin. The chemical must not be allowed accidentally mix

with other substances in transportation, storage or use. (Single

chemicals may be harmless unless they come into contact with other

elements). Some chemicals react violently when exposed to air, water,oils etc and must be contained correctly at all times. Chemicals must

not be subjected to undue shock, pressure or heat. When the chemical

is no longer needed it must be safety disposed of or recycled.

Hazards to health arise from inhaling, swallowing, or skin contact. The

severity of the hazard ranges from nuisance chemicals that producenone or only minor injury to chemical that on very short exposures

possess the possibility to cause severe injury or death.

Under normal working conditions the most common method of entry

of a chemical into the human body is through the respiratory tract by

inhalation. The next most common method of entry is through skin

absorption. The least common is through swallowing, as this seldom

occurs. (However this is the most common in household cases).

When working with chemicals,

ALWAYS:

Wear the correct protective clothing when handling.

Look out for symbols on containers, e.g. corrosive, flammable, toxic etc.

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There will also be a label which states the precautions to be taken

when handling.

Label any container that you fill with chemicals.

Follow the instructions carefully when you are transferring chemicals

from one container to another.

Know where the emergency shower, eye wash facilities are and that

you know how to operate them.

Store chemicals which give off vapors in a well ventilated building.

Ensure chemicals stored out in the open, are kept out of the sun.

NEVER:

Mix different chemicals, either in use or in storage, unless it is part of

the procedure.

Ignore leaking drums or spills, report them to your supervisor.

Carry bottles of chemicals in the hand, use the special

provided carriers.

Look up if a drip/leak falls on you, move away first.

Taste or allow unknown products come into contact with skin and onlysmell with caution.

35. Excavations

Areas where there are excavations present multiple

hazards inclusive of Access/Egress, Danger of

collapse and cave-in, personnel and/or equipment

falling into excavations, Flooding and Hazards

associated in some cases with Confined Space entry. Personnel should

be fully aware of the dangers of working in and around excavations

irrelevant of depth, however, increased depth results, in many

cases, in increased danger.

It must be highlighted that the dangers associated with open

excavations extends to members of the public and anyone else

working in the area so warning signs and lights where required must

be employed.

Before excavation work is undertaken checks must be made to ensure

that provision is made for any buried services that may beencountered. (In some cases a specific Excavation Permit is required

and this must be gained BEFORE start of work).

Ladders and other methods of safe entry and exit from excavations

shall be provided at all times.

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Correct shoring and/or sloping and benching of the sides of

excavations shall be employed even if the excavation is to be in

existence for a short period of time.

Special care must be taken by personnel working in excavations and

they should be constantly aware of the risks these conditions pose.

Specifically personnel should be aware of escape routes and what to

do in an emergency situation such as flooding or cave in.

Excavated materials must be kept well back from the edges of the

excavation to avoid undue stress on the sidewalls.

36. Machinery and Powered Plant

Any equipment that has moving or rotating parts and mechanisms

constitutes a major safety hazard and working around such machinery

requires special care to be taken.

The prevention of injuries caused by machines and powered plant can

largely be archived by proper guarding of the nip point or dangerous

moving parts during operation and employing safe system of work

during maintenance.

Only Trained, Qualified and Competent personnel are permitted to

operate machinery.

Only personnel in possession of a valid Government license are

permitted to operate cranes and earthmoving equipment.

Only specifically designated plant mechanics and Maintenance staff are

allowed to conduct repairs and/or adjustments to equipment.

Rotating Equipment poses specific risks and care must be taken when

operating such equipment.

ALWAYS:

Be aware of how to stop the machine in an emergency.

Ensure people are well clear before starting up.Always use a brush or rake for removing swarf or waste material.

Wear a cap if you are working on rotating equipment and you have

long hair.

Make sure you are wearing no loose items of clothing, particularly

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sleeves and neck ties or scarves.

Protect your eyes when working with abrasive wheels or when turning

cast iron or non ferrous metals.

When working with adjustable or unlocked guards make sure that they

are operating correctly, before use.

Report damaged or insecure guards to your Supervisor.

Ensure work is correctly clamped prior to operating drilling machines.

NEVER:

Use an abrasive wheel that is out of balance, it could break up.

Use machinery that has no guard.

Wear loose clothing which could become entangled in the machinery

or work.

Use your hands to slow down or stop a machine or shift a driving belt

with the machine still in motion.

Reach into or climb over moving machinery.

Clean or adjust machinery in motion.

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C.A.T. Groupissue number 1. 2008

S P E E DK I L L S .

D R I V E

S A F E L Y

cat safety booklet 2008-2009

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