Catalina Calvete, Julia Telischi, and Cayley MacRae

The Americas

Central Question:What were relations between the various European nations and the Native American Indians like? How did they differ from nation to nation and even colony to colony? How were they similar?

French in the AmericasCatalina Calvete

Trade caused French to adapt to the Indian ways. Trade made familial bonds, French married

Indian women. Their children were called métis. French participated in Indian rituals. Both French and Indians did not trust other

North Americans.

Social Changes in French Settlements

Economy based on trade of beavers.As long as there was beavers, trading

thrived.The French were able to build their

colonies and expand their empire with trading.

Indians got European goods in return.

Economic Changes in French Settlements

When the French first got to the Americas their goal was to involve the Indians in commercial exchange and convert them to Catholics.

When Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1608 France was not making much progress.

There were only 100 settlers.They came up with agreement with French

Government. The French did not try to conquest land,

expanded by trading and interacting with the Indians.

Political Changes in French Settlements

Dutch in the AmericasCayley MacRae

Originally known for transporting the goods of other nations. Carried slaves, spices, textiles, and silvers to

and from the colonies of other nations.Dutch East India Company- founded 1602Dutch West India Company- founded 1621

began exploring the new world to form colonies

Economics and the Dutch

Protestant ReformationDutch became Lutherans, Calvinists

King Phillip II inherited the Netherlands1568- 1st Dutch RebellionWars continued until 1648 when the Dutch

gained independenceDutch began colonizing and exploring the

AmericasShed their image of transporters

Dutch failed in their attempts to colonize

Political Changes of the 17th Century Dutch

1620- 30 Dutch families settled on ManhattanThe Dutch adopted local customs Eager to trade with the native Iroquois peopleCity had diverse residents

However, conflicts over land soon eruptedDirector General Wouter van Twiller invades

Indian and English landOther Director Generals attacked and

weakened the Native Indian population

Social Aspects of the Dutch in America

Harbor of New Amsterdam

English in the New World

• Colonies for exports like metals. None found.

• No beavers, but good soil. Tobacco boom- 1620s (Virginia).

• Colony failing because of harsh winters. It became successful because of the tobacco trade; Less trade with the Indians, more concerned with land ownership

• In the Caribbean (Ex. Barbados and Jamaica)- exported sugar from the plantations, much competition because no country had a monopoly

• Trade between colonies- - mainland to West Indies: food like pickled meat, fish, and

vegetables- West Indies to Mainland: molasses to make rum- West Indies to Africa: traded molasses for slaves

Economics in the English Colonies

• At first, help from Indians because the colonists were not doing well with harsh winters

• Then, English needed land for crops to export, so they took the Indian’s land.

• They did not get along well. Wars broke out (1630s and 1670s). Many Indians kicked out. -Ex. Puritans and Chesapeake Bay

• English colonists did not marry the natives.

• In some colonies (Puritans), religion was important and part of daily life.

Social Aspects of English Colonies

• King James (ruled England1603-1625) - suppressed the Puritans, so they formed a colony in America.

• three sections: New England, Middle Colonies, Southern - In Puritan colonies (Ex. Massachusetts Bay colony) Puritan Church had political

power - Pennsylvania: set up by William Pen for Quakers, successful at first, but did not last

• Different colonies were founded and governed differently - Maryland: King Charles I gave a charter to George Calvert, who formed a colony

there - North and South Carolina: Kind Charles II gave to supporters some land between

Virginia and Florida -Georgia: named after King George II, for people imprisoned for debt to live (did not

really work out)

• Most of the colonies began to lean towards independency.

• The House of Burgesses - first meeting in Jamestown, Virginia 1619, burgesses from each district, first form of a body of representatives in the colonies

Politics in the English Colonies

King James I

Workers on a sugar plantation

“Lastly and chiefly the way to prosper and achieve good success is to make yourselves all of one mind for the good of your country and your own, and to serve and fear God the Giver of all Goodness, for every plantation which our Heavenly Father hath not planted shall be rooted out.”

– Instructions for the Virginia Colony (1606)

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