cataract and eye care dca

7/31/2019 Cataract and Eye Care DCa

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12/7/2006 SURES - IN HOUSE CLINIC 1

(Penyakit selaput mata - Katarak)

CataractNormal Eye

Cataracts


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What is a Cataract?An ocular opacity, partial or complete, of one or botheyes, on or in the lens or capsule, especially an opacityimpairing vision or causing blindness.

The subsequent cloudy appearance of the eye resulted

in the origin of the name cataract

Katarak adalah sejenis kerosakan mata yang menyebabkan kanta mataberselaput dan rabun. Kanta mata menjadi keruh dan cahaya tidakdapat menembusinya. Keadaan ini menjejaskan penglihatan seseorangdan akan menjadi buta sekiranya lewat, atau tidak dirawat. Masalahkatarak berbeza dengan Glaukoma yang merupakan sejenis kerosakanmata yang disebabkan oleh tekanan cecair yang terlalu tinggi di dalambebola mata.
http://www.geocities.com/alam_penyakit/MasalahGlaukoma.htmhttp://www.geocities.com/alam_penyakit/MasalahGlaukoma.htm


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The lens is made mostly of water and protein.The protein is normally arranged to let light passthrough and focus on the retina.

Protein clumps together

Small areas of lens begin to cloud Light is blocked from reaching the retina and vision is

impaired

An advanced stage cataract would be something like puttingsheets of wax paper over your glasses

You would be able to seelight and dark and maybe

distinguish large objectsand see movement.

Cataract Development


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Cataract Formation

1. Early Stages change prescription

2. Late Stages surgical removal

It is 90% effective for age-related cataracts For secondary, traumatic and congenital cataractssurgery is not always an option

Once a cataract begins to develop there isnothing that can be done to prevent itsgrowth.


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Types of Cataracts

There are four different types of cataracts1. Age-related cataract: Most cataracts are related to

aging

2. Congenital cataracts: Some babies are born withcataracts or develop them in childhood, often in botheyes. These can lead to blindness or may not affectvision at all

3. Secondary cataract: Development in people who

have certain other health issues, such as diabetesor things such as steroid use

4. Traumatic cataract: cataracts which develop afteran eye injury


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Golongan berisiko

1) Pesakit kencing manis yang gagal mengawal penyakitnya. Kandungan gula dalam darah menjadikan kanta kurang

kenyal dan membentuk katarak.2) Orang dewasa yang berusia 60 tahun keatas.

Katarak merupakan suatu proses akibat usia yang lanjut.3) Kanak-kanak dan bayi yang baru lahir dengan komplikasi

Katarak boleh berlaku pada bayi atau kanak-kanak sekiranyasi ibu mengidap jangkitan seperti penyakit Rubella semasamengandung.
http://www.geocities.com/alam_penyakit/PenyakitKencingManisPendahuluan.htmhttp://www.geocities.com/alam_penyakit/PenyakitKencingManisPendahuluan.htm


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What causes a Cataract?

This is a somewhat complicated subjecta) Aging of the lens is caused by oxidation (the formation of

free radicals)

b) Free Radicals: A molecule which has lost an electron andwill do anything to get it back

They attack the protein of the lens, steal a hydrogen andcause oxidative damage. This leads to a snowball effect

The protein then clumps together and the lens begins tocloud, blocking some light from reaching the retina andclouding vision

Speed of oxidation is increased by:1. Smoking /Alcohol use

2. Diabetes3. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet sunlight


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What does a mid-stage cataractlook like?

The type of cataract you have will


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What does a late-stage cataractlook like?


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How an early stage cataracteffects vision


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Symptoms

Cloudy, fuzzy, foggy or filmy vision Changes in the way you see colors Problems driving at night because headlights

seem too bright Problems with glare from lamps or the sun Frequent changes in your eyeglass prescription Double vision

Better near vision in those who are farsighted As the lens becomes cloudier the optics of the eyechange this may actually allow people who onceneeded glasses to be able to read without them


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Eye examination

Visual acuity test: This eye chart testmeasures how well you see at variousdistances

Pupil dilation: the pupil is widened witheye drops to allow your eye doctor to seemore of the lens and retina and look for

other eye problems Tonometry: This is a standard test to

measure fluid pressure inside the eye

Cataract Detection
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How are cataracts treated?

For early cataracts Vision may be improved by:

Using different eyeglasses

Magnifying lenses

Stronger lighting

If these measures do not improve quality of life,surgery is the only option

Involves the removal of the cloudy lens and replacing it with asubstitute lens

A cataract needs to be removed only when vision lossinterferes with everyday activities such as driving,reading or watching TV
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How is a cataract removed?

Phacoemulsification:The most commonmethod of removal.Phaco involves a small

incision on the side of thecornea. A tiny probe isinserted which emitsultrasound waves that

soften and break up thecloudy center of the lensso it can be removed withsuction


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Intraocular Lens

After the lens isremoved a clear,artificial lens called an

Intraocular lens (IOL)is required. The IOLbecomes apermanent part of the

eye and must last therest of the patients life


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Benefits of Cataract Surgery

Improvements in activities Driving

Watching TV

Reading

Working

Moving around

Social activities

Hobbies Safety

Self-confidence

Independence


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BUT.


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Risks of Cataract Surgery

Possible complications: High pressure in the eye

Bloodcollection inside the eye

Infection inside the eye

Artificial lens damage Drooping eyelids

Retinal detachment

Severe bleeding inside the eye

Swelling or clouding of the cornea

Blindness

LOSS OF EYE


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Epidemiology of Cataracts

According to the World HealthOrganization cataracts are the numberone cause of blindness worldwide

50 million persons in the world are BLINDfrom cataracts More then half of people over 65 have cataracts

60% of people over the age of 75 have cataracts

If you live long enough you are virtuallyGUARANTEED to develop a cataract


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Primary Prevention

Intake of dietary antioxidants preventcataract formation by blocking theoxidative modification of the lens

Vitamins A, C and E

People who had regular daily doses of the antioxidantsVitamin C and E were 32% less likely to havedeveloped cataracts


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VITAMIN A


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VITAMIN C


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VITAMIN E


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What can I do to protect myvision?

Wearing sunglasses and a hat with a brimto block ultraviolet sunlight may help todelay cataract.

If you smoke, stop. Researchers alsobelieve good nutrition can help reduce therisk of age-related cataract.

They recommend eating green leafyvegetables, fruit, and other foods withantioxidants


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If you are age 60 or older, you shouldhave a comprehensive dilated eye examat least once every two years.

In addition to cataract, your eye careprofessional can check for signs of age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma,and other vision disorders.

Early treatment for many eye diseasesmay save your sight.

What can I do to protect myvision? Cont


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cataract and eye care dca

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