Open-access publishing and copyright

Catriona MacCallum

Public Library of Science

www.plos.org

European Editorial Office7 Portugal Place

CambridgeCB5 8AF, UK

+44 (0)1223 463342

cmaccallum@plos.org

IF=13.9

STM publishing is changing - the promise of the internet

• Reduced costs, global distribution (one copy serves all who connect)

• Potential for Archiving and Searching new and old literature (Google Scholar)

• Improved format for data presentation, opportunities for other novel features

• Text- and data-mining• ZooBank…

What is open access?

• Free and unrestricted access online• Readers/users are licensed to download,

print, copy, redistribute, etc.• Author retains copyright (Creative

commons Licence - http://creativecommons.org/)

• Papers are deposited in a public online database

Based on the Bethesda Principles, April 2003

SUMMARY OF THE CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION LICENSE

• to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work • to make derivative works • to make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must give the original author

credit. – For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to

others the license terms of this work. – Any of these conditions can be waived if you get

permission from the author. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above.

You are free:

• Copyright: © 2004 Moorthy et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Noncommercial

You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your work — and derivative works based upon it — but for noncommercial purposes only

http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/

Researcher

Publisher

Reader

£

£

Pay-per-view

£

Subscription

£

Library

Subscription journals

GovFundersInstitutions

£

Open access journals

Publishing is the final step in a research project

Researcher

Publisher

Reader

£

PublicDigitalLibrary

GovFundersInstitutions

£

Fees are waived for those without access to funding

Transition state economics

Open accessSubscription-based

?

Barriers to open access

• Publishers - commercial success • Societies - publishing supports them • Libraries – uncertainties about funding• Funding agencies - don’t fund publishing• Authors - submitting to a new journal

Catalysts for change

• New publishers– Biomed Central, Public Library of Science

• Existing publishers– Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences– Oxford University Press, Company of Biologists, Blackwell

• Societies– Entomological Society of America

• Funding agencies– Wellcome Trust, Howard Hughes Medical Institute

• UK inquiry, European Commission• Institutions, libraries, scientists and physicians

• Developments in the UK…

Wellcome Trust (Oct 1, 2005)

• Papers must be deposited in PMC• Must be publicly accessible within 6

months• Establishing UK PMC• Provides additional funds for authors

whose work is published in OA journals• OA agreement with Blackwell, Springer

and OUP– Wellcome “approves” these OA options as PMC

compliant– Money is available for authors from their institution– Wellcome has deposited £30,000 at the “top 30” UK

institutions– money is made available direct to other institutions

Wellcome Trust FAQ on OA - http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD018855.html#P178_16179

Key features of proposed RCUK policy (2005)

• Mandate deposition of accepted articles into Institutional Repositories

– “subject to copyright and licensing arrangements”

• Grants (awarded after Oct 1st, 2005) can include the costs of publishing for OA journals

but…publishers and some societies have been lobbying

hard against the RCUK policy

Publisher Initiatives - Hybrids• Blackwell

– 665 Societies, 805 journals– Online Open (80 journals)– $2500 publication fee

• Oxford University Press– 180 journals (2/3 with societies)– Nucleic Acids Research fully OA from 2005– Oxford Open (42 journals and rising)– $2800 publication fee

• Springer– Open Choice (all 1200+ journals) – $3000 publication fee

• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences- Open Access Option: $1000 plus page and colour

charges; $750 with site license

Int’l Funding Agencies that Support OA (from BioMedCentral)

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Canada)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Denmark)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany)Fondazione Telethon (Italy)Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Austria)Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Belgium)Health Research Board (Ireland)Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (International)Israel Science Foundation (Israel)National Health Service (UK)National Institutes of Health (US) National Science Foundation (US) Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands)Rockefeller Foundation (US)South African Medical Research Council (South Africa)Suomen Akatemia (Finland)Swiss National Science Foundation (Switzerland)Vetenskapsrådet (Sweden)Wellcome Trust (UK)

PLoS and ZooBank

• PLoS will require authors to submit copies of relevant articles/print resolution figures etc to ZooBank on publication [online]

• New Launch 2006-2007– High volume– Cost efficient– Fast– Peer-reviewed– An open access venue for all scientific literature– Including species descriptions

Authors Licensing and Collecting Society

• Jane Carr of ALCS read out a typical copyright agreement, telling us that "the practice of assignment by some publishers takes away all the rights of an author, if I can quote 'Without limitation, any form of electronic exploitation, distribution or transmission, not known or invented in the future, all other intellectual property rights in such contributions…' and so on".

• Quote from an ALCS member who had reported that

"'the only journal I challenged over assigning copyright agreed to assign it to me as long as I understood that they would not publish me again. Academic publishing is, from an author's perspective, a complete rip-off'".

From House of Commons Report 2004