Causes and Effects of the Pearl Harbor Attack

Ch.10 Sec.3

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

Causes Effects

Japan resents threats to its authority

Japan depends on trade with the United States for natural resources

United States stops trade of military supplies

Japan continues to expand

Negotiations fail

U.S. fleet not operational for six months

Americans committed to fight

United States declares war on Japan

Germany and Italy declare war on the United States

Attack on Pearl Harbor•Surprise attack by 360 Japanese planes•Nearly 2,500 Americans were killed•U.S. fleet damaged but not destroyed•USS Arizona, USS Oklahoma, and USS Utah suffer irreparable damage

Mobilizing for War 1941-1942 military grew from 1.4 to 3 million 350,000 women join Women’s Army Corp (WAC) War Production Board (WPB) oversee industry Massive defense spending ends the DepressionFighting in the Pacific Japanese take Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong U.S. forces trapped at Corregidor 75,000 Allied soldiers surrender to Japanese Bataan Death March-forced to march 55mi to railway then

marched 8mi more 7,000 Americans and Filipinos die

Doolittle Raid Nighttime bombing of mainland Japan from USS Hornet Detected early, went on with raid anyway 16 B-25 Bombers drop bombs continue on to China Crash-landed in China Killed 50 Japanese and damaged 100 bldgs. Not big military victory but great for morale

Battle of Coral Sea Japanese and U.S. aircraft carriers battle Airplanes attack on both sides Battle technically a draw but forced Japanese to call off

their plans to attack New Guinea. Shifts momentum to Americans.

Short Response Questions!!!! 1. Do you think a totalitarian government would have

formed in Germany if the Great Depression had not occurred?

2. What was the “Four Freedoms” speech, and why was it significant?

3. How did the attack on Pearl Harbor cause the U.S. to abandon its neutral position on the war between the Allies and Axis powers?

4. How could FDR condemn the 1937 bombing of Chinese civilian targets by Japan, yet condone the bombing of Japanese civilian targets in 1942 with the Doolittle Raid?