causes of the civil war ppt. - smithtown central school...
TRANSCRIPT
1
The Causes
Of The Civil
War
1820-1860
The American Civil War
The Recipe for War
Manifest
Destiny
States RightsSectionalism
Abolitionists
Dred Scott
Decision
Fort Sumter
Election of
1860
Cause #1= Manifest
Destiny
Do Now: Why is Manifest
Destiny a cause of the
Civil War?
Cause #2The Failure to Compromise
2
1- Maine becomes a free state
2- Missouri becomes a slave state
3- Slavery will be outlawed in any new state
north of Missouri’s southern border
The Mexican War
(1846-1848)
The U.S. won the Mexican Cession and had to decide whether or not to allow slavery in this territory
1- California becomes a free state
2- Popular sovereignty
3- Fugitive Slave Act
Compromise of 1850
Popular Sovereignty-
the people in a territory
decide whether or not to
allow slavery
Fugitive Slave Act-Law requiring all citizens,
both northern & southern,
to help catch and return
runaway slaves.
Hmmm,Slavery?No slavery?
3
Effects of Fugitive Slave Act The Kansas-
Nebraska Act (1854)
1- Louisiana Purchase divided in to 2 territories:
Kansas and Nebraska
2- Popular Sovereignty would be used to decide if
slavery would be allowed in these territories
What Happens When
People Are Asked to
Decide Whether or Not
To Allow Slavery?
4
“Bleeding Kansas”� Popular sovereignty
caused a small scale
civil war in Kansas
� Battles broke out
between pro-slavery
settlers and anti-
slavery settlers
� Both sides murdered
each other and 200
died in 4 months. Both Nebraska and Kansas
eventually became free states
Why was it important to maintain a balance
between free and slave states in Congress?
Equality ensured that no one side would
have the power to pass a law regarding
slavery that the other side disliked.
Sectionalism: Loyalty to a region or
state as opposed to the whole nation
Cause #3
One example of the government being too powerful.
• Unconstitutional
• Favors the North and Hated by South
• South Carolina argues for Nullification and Secession in 1828
Tariff Of
Abominations
(1828)
5
States Rights
•Southern States believed that the
Federal Government was too powerful
and favored the North
•Believed their rights were being violated
Abolitionist
Wanted to abolish or
end slavery in the
United States
William Lloyd Garrison
Frederick DouglassHarriet Tubman
The Grimke Sisters
Sojourner Truth
Cause #4
�Helped over 300 slaves escape to the North � Nicknamed
Moses �$40,000 bounty
on her head.
“Moses”
Harriet Tubman and the
Underground Railroad
6
Uncle Tom’s Cabin(published 1852)
Written By
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe,
(a
northerner)
One of the most influential books ever
written, this novel, which dramatized
the cruelties of slavery.
An Anti-Slavery Bestseller!
NorthernersHelped open their eyes to the
cruelty of slavery
SouthernersOutraged by the book!
Southerners claimed it was
not an accurate picture of
southern life.
Southerners viewed
this as an attack on
their lifestyle and
looked to protectslavery even more
Northerners
now saw
slavery as a
MORAL ISSUE
which they
could no longer
ignore
Supreme Court Case:
Scott v. Sanford(1857)
Court has to decide if a slave is brought
to a free state does that make him
automatically free?
•Dred Scott is a slave who
once lived in a Free State
•His master dies and he is
sent South
•He sues for his freedom
The Supreme Court decided
that:
� Slaves were not citizens
and were property
� Congress could not ban
slavery
� The Constitution protects
property, and because
slaves were property,
Congress could not ban
slavery and take away an
individual’s property
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Impact of the Dred Scott Decision
It strengthened the
Abolitionist
movement
They realized that
the government was
going to do nothing
They had to work
harder to free the
slaves
John Brown’s Raid(1859)
Abolitionist who tried to
raid the federal arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia.
His plan was to arm
the slaves and start a slave
uprising.
Brown was
captured
and put on
trial. He
was
convicted of
murder and
treason, and
then
hanged.
Impact of John Brown
The North
Was a hero in the
north. Many
considered him a
martyr because he
was willing to give
his life for his
beliefs
The South
Southerners were
outraged by Brown’s
actions. Many became
convinced that the
North wanted to
destroy slavery
Northerner’s sang, “John Brown’s body lies a mold’ring in
The grave, but his soul goes marching on….”
8
Lincoln and the Election of 1860
Stephen Douglas- Northern Democrats
John Breckinridge- Southern Democrats
There were four candidates for president
John Bell- Constitutional Union Party
Abraham Lincoln- Republican
Abraham LincolnLincoln believed
slavery was
morally wrong, but he
was
not an abolitionist
Lincoln only wanted to
stop slavery from
spreading West. He
did not want to free the
slaves in states where
it existed already
A House Divided…On June 16, 1858, he stated:
“A houses divided against itself cannot stand. I
believe this government cannot endure permanently
half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union
to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall –
but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will
become all one thing or all the other.”
What was
Lincoln’s
house????
The Republican Party(1856)
The Republican Party was created
by Northerners who were
committed to stopping the spread
of slavery
This was the first
time sectional political
parties developed over
the issue of slavery
9
…And The Winner Was
Abraham
Lincoln!
With less
than
40% of the
vote
Impact of the Election
The South believed that
they no longer had a voice
in government.
To Secede or Secession- to
withdraw from the country
The first state to secede was South
Carolina
The War begins…The Confederacy
attacks Fort Sumter in
South Carolina on
April 13, 1861
10
Secession!Based on the documents, What are
three reasons given for secession?
South Carolina-
Mississippi-
Alabama-
States Rights, Natural Rights
and the Declaration of
Independence
Protection of slavery
Election of Lincoln
The Civil War
11
Southern
States
seceded
The ConfederacyJefferson
Davis was
elected
President
Richmond,
Virginia
became the
capital