Causes of the War

• SLAVERY WAS AN ISSUE, BUT NOT THE only MAJOR ISSUE

• THE CAUSES ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO FUNDAMENTAL AND IMMEDIATE

• FUNDAMENTAL- CAUSES THAT EVOLVE OVER TIME..EXAMPLE..

• Fundamental -1) ECONOMICS 2) STATES RIGHTS 3) SLAVERY, 4) Tariffs 5)Sectionalism

• IMMEDIATE- JUST BEFORE THE ACTUAL EVENT OCCURS..EXAMPLE..1) PRESIDENT LINCOLN IS ELECTED/SOUTHERN STATES START LEAVING

The Road to War

• South leaves the Union before Lincoln takes oath of office

• Confederates begin to capture federal military garrisons in South

• Fort Sumter in South Carolina needs supplies.

• Confederacy attacks fort Sumter while it was weak.

Jefferson DavisA.Lincoln

1st Battle of the Civil War • April 12th, 1861 Confederates attack

Fort Sumter and win.• Union’s Major Anderson has to

surrender due to lack of supplies• After battle at Fort Sumter both sides

increase preparations for war• Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina,

and Virginia seceded.• Capital of Confederacy becomes

Richmond, Virginia• This battle forces Lincoln to engage in

a war with the South

THE CIVIL WAR..

• 1861-1865..NATIONS DEADLIEST WAR…COMMONLY CALLED WAR BETWEEN THE STATES…SPLIT NATION, STATES, COMMUNITIES, FRIENDS, AND EVEN FAMILIES.

• CIVIL WAR..DEATHS 558,052..

VS. WORLD WAR II.. 407,316• COST $5,183,000,000 COST $262,259,000,000

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

JEFFERSON DAVIS

C.S.A STATES

BOTH SIDES SQUARE OFF…• SOUTHERNERS FELT LIKE THE NORTH DID NOT HAVE

THE STOMACH TO FIGHT• NORTH FELT LIKE THEY HAD THE ADVANTAGE IN

RESOURCES • BOTH SIDES WERE WRONG…• THE WAR WOULD LAST FOR FOUR YEARS…LEAVING

THOUSANDS DEAD AND THOUSANDS WOUNDED• Border States: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky,

Missouri – did not secede

Resources• North

* Population 2x the size of south* 100,000 factories to make supplies*22,000 miles of sturdy railroad track*67% of farms*Money system in place*Trained army

• South* 800,000 men who could fight*20,000 factories to make supplies*9,000 miles of weak railroad track*Best military leaders*Fought on homeland and for independence

Dates of Seccession

War Strategies• Union Blockade: obstruct (block) all Confederate

Ports

*prevent South from selling cotton & making money

*prevents south from importing goods and supplies

*Blockade runner broke the blockade & got supplies to the Confederacy

• Anaconda Plan: Union capture the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy.

• King Cotton Diplomacy: South stop selling cotton to France and Britain until they would help them in the War

LINCOLN’S BLOCKADE…

First ManassasFirst Bull Run

Civil War VirginiaAmerican Civil War

July 21, 1861 C.S.A. WINS BATTLE!Confederates lost 2,000 out of about 17,000 engaged

Union forces lost 2,900 out of the 20,000 men

Civil War Battles• 1st. official battle of the Civil War is

the Battle of Manassas or Battle of Bull Run- Confederate wins

• Most of the Civil War was fought on Southern soil

• Virginia was the site of most of the battles

• Battle of Antietam*September 17, 1862* Bloodiest Day of the Civil War - 26,134 casualties

The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)(The Bloodiest Day of the Civil War)

September 17, 1862The Memorial Illumination of Antietam National Battlefield in Sharpsburg, Maryland is dedicated to those brave soldiers who gave the ultimate sacrifice so that you and I could enjoy the freedoms of today. We light these candles tonight to honor those 23,110 soldiers, of both Blue and Gray, who were casualties of the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. The luminaries were lighted and placed on the Battlefield today by over 800 volunteers. "

ANTIETAM BATTLE FIELD

UNION CANNON

UNION SHIP

UNION MORTARS

Emancipation Proclamation• Issued on September 22, 1862• Lincoln wanted the Confederacy to end

the war• Affected 4 million slaves in the U.S.• Confederacy had to end war by Jan. 1,

1863• All slaves in states and districts

rebelling against the U.S. would be freed if war did not end.

• Confederates chose to fight and slaves in the South were freed.

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

Gettysburg

• July 1-3, 1863 – Worst battle of the war• GEN. LEE MEETS UNION GEN. MEADE…LEE HAS

75,000 MEN VS. MEADES 82,289..GREATEST BATTLE EVER FOUGHT.( GETTYSBURG, PENN. )

• 3 DAYS OF FIGHTING..C.S.A..28,064 DEAD…UNION..23,048 DEAD… 51,112 total deaths

• Greatest Battle ever fought on U.S. soil• GENERAL “ STONEWALL” JACKSON..A FEARLESS

LEADER FOR THE CONFEDERATES IS SHOT AND KILLED BY ONE OF HIS OWN SOLDIERS..HUGE LOSS FOR THE C.S.A.

Battle of Chickamauga• Union forces moved against the

railroad in Chattanooga.• September 19-20, 1863 • Confederate General Braxton led

his army into battle at Chickamauga Creek.

• Defeated the Union forces and forced them back into Tennessee.

• November 1863 Union General Ulysses Grant recaptured Chattanooga.

Atlanta & the CIVIL WAR

• Few battles were fought in Ga. For the 1st two years

• Fall of1863 Union forces capture Chattanooga, Tenn**two weeks later Union forces prepare to destroy Ga.**

• Atlanta Campaign: Atlanta was not the largest city…but had many war resources and railroads to transport weapons**very important military target**

• Union General Grant orders Sherman to destroy Georgia..99,000 Union soldiers start their path of destruction

• Sherman enters Dalton Ga. Facing 62,000 Confederate soldiers..C.S.A Retreats

Sherman’s March to the Sea

• Sherman’s March to the Sea: Sherman attacks Kennesaw mountain…pounds Atlanta for 40 days…burns everything in his path.

• Sherman continues his “ March To The Sea “ recklessly destroying, burning everything all the way to Savannah

• Dec. 21, 1864 ShermanTelegraphs Lincoln…saying, “ I beg to present you a Christmas gift of Savannah “

• Conclusion: April 9,1865…at Appomattox Court House in Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant**Official confirmation came on April 26, 1865 a state holiday known as Confederate Memorial Day

Andersonville Prison• During the Civil War, both sides had terrible prison

camps, but one particular Georgia camp has become synonymous with inhumane treatment.

• Fort Sumter outside the town of Andersonville housed 30,000 Union prisoners in a facility designed for 10,000.

• Capt. Wirz, was the warden and was tried and convicted at the end of the war for war crimes ( prison cruelty ) .

• Of the approximately 45,000 Union prisoners held at Camp Sumter during the war, nearly 13,000 died due to starvation, malnutrition, diarrhea and other communicable diseases

• Georgia Stories: Andersonvillehttp://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/andersonville_prison

MOST RESPECTED CONFEDERATE GENERAL..ROBERT E. LEE

Leader of the Confederates forces

STONEWALL JACKSON.. A FEARLESS LEADER

GREATEST BATTLE EVER FOUGHT.( GETTYSBURG, PENN. )