cc uav propulsion

7/22/2019 Cc Uav Propulsion

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SMALL PROPULSION SYSTEMS

FOR

UN-MANNED AIR VEHICLES

&

MODEL AIRCRAFTCENGIZ CAMCI

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY


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SMALL PROPULSION SYSTEMSFOR

UNMANNED AND MODEL AIRCRAFT

CONVENTIONALINTERNAL

COMBUSTION

RUBBERPOWERED

ELECTRIC

MOTOR

POWERED

GAS TURBINE /

JET POWEREDSYSTEMS

EXOTIC

SYSTEMS

TWO

STROKE

ENGINES

FOURSTROK EENGINES

CONVENTIONALFOUR CYCLE

OTTOENGINE

ROTARYENGINE

Wankel engine

ROTATINGCYLINDER VALVE

ENGINE

TURBO-JET SYST EMS

FOR

JET RPOPULSION

TURBO-SHAFT SYSTEMS

FOR PROPELLER

AND

ROTOR DRIVEN SYST EMS

TURBO-SHAFTGAS

TURBINE DRIVEN

A SINGLE DC

ELECTRIC

GENERATOR

&

DISTRIBUTED

ELECTRIC MOTORS

CO2 ENGINES

PULSE JET S

MICRO-ROCKET

LASER DRIVEN

MIGRATINGCOMBUSTION

CHAMBER


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CONVENTIONAL INTERNAL

COMBUSTION ENGINES

TWO STROKE ENGINESMigrating Combustion Chamber Engine (MCC)

FOUR CYCLE ENGINES

Conventional Four Cycle (OTTO ENGINE)

Rotary Engine (WANKEL)

Rotating Cylinder Valve Engine (RCV)


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TWO STROKE ENGINES +

Two-stroke engines do not have valves,

which simplifies their construction and

lowers their weight.

Two-stroke engines fire once every

revolution, while four-stroke engines fire

once every other revolution. This givestwo-stroke engines a significant power

boost.


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These advantages make two-stroke engines lighter,

simpler and less expensiveto manufacture.

Two-stroke engines also have the potential to pack

about twice the power into the same space

because there are twice as many power strokes per

revolution.

The combination of light weight and twice the power

gives two-stroke engines a great power-to-weight

ratiocompared to many four-stroke engine designs.


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Two-stroke engines can work in any

orientation, which can be important in

inverted flights or acrobatic flights.

A standard four-stroke engine may

have problems with oil flow unless it

is upright, and solving this problemcan add complexity to the engine.


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TWO STROKE ENGINES -

Two-stroke engines don't last nearly as

long as four-stroke engines. The lack of

a dedicated lubrication system means

that the parts of a two-stroke engine

wear a lot faster.

Two-stroke oil is expensive, and you

need about 4 ounces of it per gallon ofgas. You would burn about a gallon of

oil every 1,000 miles if you used a two-

stroke engine in a car.


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TWO STROKE ENGINES -

Two-stroke engines do not use fuel

efficiently, so you would get fewer miles

per gallon.

Two-stroke engines produce a lot of

pollution

-- so much, in fact, that it is likely that you

won't see them around too much longer.


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FUEL

INTAKE


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COMPRESSION


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COMBUSTION

&

EXHAUST


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TWO STROKE

OPERATION

TWO STROKE

OPERATION


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USEFUL ENGINE SIZING

CORRELATION(only for two stroke engines)

1 cubic inch of displacement

will handle

10 lbs of aircraft weight

1 cubic inch is 16 cc

1 HP = 0.735 KW

1KW = 1.359 HP (metric)


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CONVENTIONAL

INTERNAL

COMBUSTION

RUBBERPOWERED

ELECTRIC

MOTORPOWERED

GAS TURBINE /

JET POWEREDSYSTEMS

EXOTIC

SYSTEMS

TWO

STROKE

ENGINES

FOUR

STROK EENGINES

CONVENTIONAL

FOUR CYCLEOTTO

ENGINE

ROTARYENGINE

Wankel engine


ENGINE

TURBO-JET SYST EMS

FOR

JET RPOPULSION

TURBO-SHAFT SYSTEMS

FOR PROPELLER

AND


TURBO-SHAFTGAS

TURBINE DRIVEN

A SINGLE DC

ELECTRIC

GENERATOR

&

DISTRIBUTED

ELECTRIC MOTORS

CO2 ENGINES

PULSE JET S

MICRO-ROCKET

LASER DRIVEN

MIGRATINGCOMBUSTION

CHAMBER


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DUAL MIGRATING

COMBUSTION

CHAMBERS

TWO STROKE CYCLE

19.7 cm3 (1.2 cu.in)

2.2 HP @ 7000 rpm

Compression = 7.39

Weight = 38.7 oz.

1 oz./min

MIGRATING COMBUSTION CHAMBERERICKSON ENGINE


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Instant starting ability


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CONVENTIONAL

INTERNAL

COMBUSTION

RUBBERPOWERED

ELECTRIC

MOTORPOWERED

GAS TURBINE /

JET POWEREDSYSTEMS

EXOTIC

SYSTEMS

TWO

STROKE

ENGINES

FOUR

STROK EENGINES

CONVENTIONAL

FOUR CYCLEOTTO

ENGINE

ROTARYENGINE

Wankel engine


ENGINE

TURBO-JET SYST EMS

FOR

JET RPOPULSION

TURBO-SHAFT SYSTEMS

FOR PROPELLER

AND


TURBO-SHAFTGAS

TURBINE DRIVEN

A SINGLE DC

ELECTRIC

GENERATOR

&

DISTRIBUTED

ELECTRIC MOTORS

CO2 ENGINES

PULSE JET S

MICRO-ROCKET

LASER DRIVEN

MIGRATINGCOMBUSTION

CHAMBER


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FOUR CYCLE ENGINES

conventional Otto engines


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FOUR CYCLE ENGINE OPERATION


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FOUR CYCLE ENGINE

CHARACTERISTICS

FOUR STROKE ENGINES LASTS LONGER THAN TWO STROKE ENGINES. The

lack of a dedicated lubrication system means that the parts of a two-stroke engine

wear a lot faster.

FOUR STROKE ENGINES DONT BURN OIL IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER. Two-

stroke oil is expensive, and you need about 4 ounces of it per gallon of gas. You

would burn about a gallon of oil every 1,000 miles if you used a two-stroke engine in

a car.

FOUR STROKE ENGINES ARE MORE FUEL EFFICIENT. Two-stroke engines do

not use fuel efficiently, so you would get fewer miles per gallon.

FOUR STROKE ENGINES ARE CLEANER. Two-stroke engines produce a lot ofpollution

INVERTED FLIGHTS MAY NOT BE EASY IN FOUR STROKE ENGINES.Two-

stroke engines can work in any orientation, which can be important in acrobatic

flights. A standard four-stroke engine may have problems with oil flow unless it is

upright, and solving this problem can add complexity to the engine.


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Unusual

Four stroke engines forUAV/MAV applications

ROTARY CYLINDER VALVE ENGINE RCV ENGINE

ROTARY ENGINES WANKEL ENGINE


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ROTARY ENGINES

Wankel Engine

Rotary engines use the four-stroke combustion

cycle, which is the same cycle that four-stroke

piston engines use. But in a rotary engine, this is

accomplished in a completely different way.


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The heart of a rotary engine is the rotor.This is roughly the

equivalent of the pistons in a piston engine. The rotor is

mounted on a large circular lobe on the output shaft. This

lobe is offset from the centerline of the shaft and acts like the

crank handle on a winch, giving the rotor the leverage it

needs to turn the output shaft. As the rotor orbits inside the

housing, it pushes the lobe around in tight circles, turning

three timesfor every one revolution of the rotor.


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How Rotary Engines Work

For everythree rotations

of the engineshaftcorresponds toone complete

piston rotation

(360 degrees)

WANKEL ENGINE OPERATION


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How Rotary Engines Work

If you watch carefully, you'll see the offset

lobe on the output shaft spinning three times

for every complete revolution of the rotor.

As the rotor moves through the

housing, the three chambers

created by the rotor change size.

This size change produces apumping action. Let's go through

each of the four stokes of the

engine looking at one face of the

rotor.


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A subminiature rotary engine


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A subminiature rotary engine

for unmanned aircraft


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ROTATING CYLINDER VALVE

ENGINE

SINGLE CYLINDER

4-STROKE CYCLE

20.02 cm3(1.2 cu.in.)weight = 37.1 oz.

Compression = 10.5

1.8 HP @ 5,800rpm

.85 oz/min
mailto:HP@5,800mailto:HP@5,800


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ROTARY CYLINDER VALVE ENGINE


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CONVENTIONAL

INTERNALCOMBUSTION

RUBBER

POWERED

ELECTRIC

MOTORPOWERED

GAS TURBINE /

JET POWEREDSYSTEMS

EXOTIC

SYSTEMS

TWO

STROKE

ENGINES

FOUR

STROK EENGINES

CONVENTIONAL

FOUR CYCLEOTTOENGINE

ROTARYENGINE

Wankel engine


ENGINE

TURBO-JET SYST EMS

FOR

JET RPOPULSION

TURBO-SHAFT SYSTEMS

FOR PROPELLER

AND


TURBO-SHAFTGAS

TURBINE DRIVEN

A SINGLE DC

ELECTRIC

GENERATOR

&

DISTRIBUTED

ELECTRIC MOTORS

CO2 ENGINES

PULSE JET S

MICRO-ROCKET

LASER DRIVEN

MIGRATINGCOMBUSTION

CHAMBER


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OTHER

SYSTEMS


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are needed to s ee this picture .


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NASA-CW LASER POWERED MODEL AIRCRAFT

SOLAR

CELLS


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SEIKO-EPSON FLYING CAMERA


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1. C. Hall "Skip" Jones, "Converting

Auto Engines For Aircraft

Applications," Sport Aviation, April1993.

2. Edward F. Obert,Internal

Combustion Engines, 3rd ed.

(Scranton, PA: International Textbook

Company, 1968).

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