cc2 sp 11 3.1 arguments
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CC2 SP11 3.1
CC2 SP 11 3.2
Methods of Persuasion 2:Analyzing & Evaluating Arguments
Abbey: In class writing
In what ways do you find his argument true/false/persuasive/unpersuasive?
How does this compare with your classmates?
Edward Abbey
1. Do you understand the argument?Summarize it in two sentences.Compare your summary with others.Revise your summary if need be.2. The doubting and believing game.What might you believe if you stretched your
imagination? How does this compare with your classmates?What does this enable you to see about the argument?
Edward Abbey
• Ask pertinent questions: What questions did this text raise?
Edward Abbey
• Determine the author’s point of view/spin.What are his biases?How do they compare with your point of
view?
Edward Abbey
• What is the cultural context?• 1980- Love Canal- 700 families relocated• 1980- Acid Rain Deposition Act.• 1983- EPA cuts back on research about ozone
depletion• 1984- Bhopal disaster. Fertilizer plant leaks
chemical that kills 2000 and disables another 50,000.
Abbey: Appeals based on Emotion
• Introduction: Analogy between corporate use of the wilderness and armed robbery.
• Imagery: “three-piece-suited gangsters” “bandit enterprises” “jellyfish government agencies”
Abbey: Appeals based on Ethics/Character
• How does he use voice and tone to establish his character?
• How does he use humor?• What are the benefits of these strategies?• What are the risks?
Abbey: Appeals Based on Logic
Claim: Reasons:
Assumptions:
Qualifiers Evidence:
Abbey: Appeals Based on Logic
• Claim: Wilderness is under attack• Reasons: Mining and beef industry are using
public land for profit.• Evidence: ?• Assumptions: Value wilderness over
capital/economic profits.• Qualifiers: none!
Abbey. Logic. 2.
• Claim: “Representative democracy in the US has broken down.”
• Reasons: Money influences politics more than the interests of the public.
• Evidence: Reference to authority (Lewis Mumford).
• Assumptions: Value of democracy.• Qualifiers: none!
Abbey. Logic. 3.
• Claim: The wilderness is our home.• If a bandit threatens our home, we are
entitled to protect it.• Industry is threatening the wilderness.• We should protect the wilderness, with force
if necessary. What are the assumptions underlying this
argument?
Abbey: In class writing post-discussion
In what ways do you find his argument true/false/persuasive/unpersuasive?
How does this compare with your classmates?
David Orr
In what ways do you find his argument true/false/persuasive/unpersuasive?
How does this compare with your classmates?
David Orr
1. Do you understand the argument?Summarize it in two sentences.Compare your summary with others.Revise your summary if need be.
2. The doubting and believing game. What does this enable you to see about the
argument?
David Orr
• Ask pertinent questions: What questions did this text raise?
David Orr. Cultural Context. 2008
• Iraq War.• Climate Change.• Economic Recession.
David Orr. Appeals based on Emotion.
• Use of authority to establish trust.• Use of “we” to connect to audience.• Attention to “ordinary people” as audience
with power to enact change.
David Orr. Appeals based on Ethics/Character
• How does he use voice, tone, and research to establish his character?
David Orr. Logic. 1.
• Claim: Brute force will lead to destruction of human and biotic worlds.
• Reasons: Appeal to common knowledge• Evidence: Historical evidence. Scientific
evidence.• Assumptions: Humans have the capacity to
change.• Qualifiers: Since WW2, some improvement.
David Orr. Logic. Group Activity.
• Review the section I assign to you and your group.
• Analyze and assess the following categories:– Claims– Reasons– Evidence– Assumptions– Qualifiers
David Orr: Post discussion writing
In what ways do you find his argument true/false/persuasive/unpersuasive?
How does this compare with your classmates?
In class writing
• What did today’s lesson teach you about persuasive writing, audience, and methods of persuasion.
In what ways is the argument persuasive/unpersuasive
