ccap glossary en&kh v1

8/14/2019 CCAP Glossary en&Kh v1

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Assisting Cambodian Policymakers with Designing Approaches to

Reduce Deforestation under a post-2012 International Climate Change Policy Framework.

sTanuRkmBakKnwHGLOSSARY OF KEY WORDS

A

Assigned amount unit (AAU): A Kyoto Protocol unit equal to 1 metric tonne of CO2 equivalent. Each Annex I

Party issues AAUs up to the level of its assigned amount, established pursuant to Article 3, paragraphs 7 and 8, of

the Kyoto Protocol. Assigned amount units may be exchanged through emissions trading.

ktakMNt;brimaN (AAU)ktamYyeRkamBiFIsarktUEdlesInwg 1etannsmmUl]snkabUnic.RbeTsenAkg]bsm


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ybTb,BatimanRsab;EdlCab;CakatBVkic.RbkarenHnwg rab;bBalkarbgaj[eXIjGMBIktabEnmn PoATaMgmUl.Ad-Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments: As required under Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol, the

COP11/MOP1 initiated a process of Ad-Hoc Working Group establishment to develop further commitments forAnnex I countries for the period after the first round of Kyoto emission targets expire (2012).

RkumkargarBiesssIIIBIkarebCJaCabn dUcEdlmanEcgkgmaRta 3>9 nBiFIsarktUCOP11/MOP1 )anpcepIm[mandMeNIrkarmYynkarbegItRkumkargarBiessmYyedIm,IbegItkarebCJabEnmsRmab;RbeTsenAk

g]bsm


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EdlmanEcgenAkg]b-sm


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Biomass fuels or biofuels: A fuel produced from dry organic matter or combustible oils produced by plants.

These fuels are considered renewable as long as the vegetation producing them is maintained or replanted, such as

firewood, alcohol fermented from sugar, and combustible oils extracted from soybeans. Their use in place of fossil

fuels cuts greenhouse gas emissions because the plants that are the fuel sources capture carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere.

\nnCvm:as b Cv\nn\nnmYyEbbEdlplitecjBIsarFatusrIragst beRbgeqHEdlplitecjBIrukCati. \nn TaMgenHRtUv)ancat;TukfaCa\nnkekIteLIgvjkgkrNIEdldMNaMEdlbegIt\nnTaMgenHRtUv)anrkSa[manCab;Canic b daMeLIg vjdUcCa Gus Rsa)anBIkarbits

nigeRbgeqH)anBIsENkesog.kareRbIR)as;\nnTaMgenHCMnYs\nnpUsIulCYykat;bnykar beBaj]snpHkBak;edaysarrukCatiEdlCaRbPB\nnenaHRsUbyk]snkabUnikBIbriyakas.Bundling: Combination of several small-scale project activities to form a single project activity or portfolio to

decrease transaction costs per unit of emission reductions.

karpMcUlKa kardak;bBalKanUvskmPaBnananKRmagtUcCaeRcIn edIm,IbegItCaskmPaBbsMNMuksarKeRmagEtmYyedIm,Ikat;bnyfcMNayGnrkarkgmYyktankarkat;bnyeGmIsg.Business As Usual Scenario (BAU): A business as usual scenario is a policy neutral reference case of future

emissions, i.e. projections of future emission levels in the absence of changes in current policies, economics and

technology.

skmPaBtamTmab;Fmta (BAU):skmPaBtamTmab;FmtaCakrNIeyagmYyneKalneya)ayEdlman\TiBlGBaRkwt mkelIeGmIsgeTAGnaKt eBalKWkarBakrN_GMBIkRmitnkarERbRbYleGmIsgeTAGnaKtenAkgeKalneya)ayesdkic nig

beckvTaEdlmansBVf.C

Sources: UNFCCC website. Point Carbon, The Little REDD Book (Global Canopy Program, 2008).

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Cap and Trade: A cap and trade system is an emissions trading system, where total emissions are limited or

'capped'. The Kyoto Protocol is a cap and trade system in the sense that emissions from Annex B countries are

capped and that excess permits might be traded. However, normally cap and trade systems will not include

mechanisms such as the CDM, which will allow for more permits to enter the system, i.e. beyond the cap.

kRmitTukmYyEpk niglk;EpkenAsl; RbBnmYynkarkRmitTukmYyEpkniglk;EpkenAsl; KWCaRbBnmYynBaNiC-kmeGmIsgEdlbrimaNeGmIsgsrubRtUv)ankMNt; b{kRmitTuk}. BiFIsarktUKWCaRbBnkRmitTukmYyEpk niglk;EpkenA sl;edayehtufaeGmIsgnanaBIRbeTsenAkg]bsm


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sRmab;CamUldankgkarvas;]sndTeTot.Carbon market: A popular but misleading term for a trading system through which countries may buy or sell

units of greenhouse-gas emissions in an effort to meet their national limits on emissions, either under the Kyoto

Protocol or under other agreements, such as that among member states of the European Union. The term comes

from the fact that carbon dioxide is the predominant greenhouse gas and other gases are measured in units called

"carbon-dioxide equivalents."

TIpSarkabUn vaksBEdleBjniymb:uEnkgnyBMuRtwmRtUvsRmab;RbBnBaNiCkmmYyEdltamryRbBnenH RbeTsnana GacTij blk;eGmIsg]snpHkBak;enAkgkicRbwgERbgmYyedIm,IbMeBjeTAtamkR

mitkMNt; GMBIeGmIsgenAfak;Cati eTaHCaenAeRkamBiFIsarktU beRkamkicRBmeRBogdTkeday dUcCakicRBmeRBogkgcMeNambNardCasmaCknshPaBGWr:ub. Bak enH)anmkBIRbkarEdlfa ]snkabUnikKWCa]snpHkBak;EdlmaneRcInCageKehIy]sndTeTotRtUv)anKNna edayKitCa ktaEdlRtUv)anehAfa {smmUl}]snkabUnik}.Carbon Pool (LULUCF): A system that has the capacity to accumulate or release carbon. Examples of carbon

pools are forest biomass, wood products, soils, and atmosphere. The units are mass (e.g., t C).

GagkabUn (LULUCF):RbBnmYyEdlmansmtPaBkgkarRbmUlpMbbeBajkabUn. ]TahrN_GMBIGagkabUnKWCvm:asRBeQI plitpleQI dI nigbriyakas. kta

KW m:as (]TahrN_ t C).Carbon Stock (LULUCF): The absolute quantity of carbon held within a pool at a specified time.

sniFikabUn (LULUCF): brimaNdac;xatnkabUnEdlmanenAkgGagmYyenAkgeBlNamYyCak;lak;.Certification: The certification process is the phase of a CDM or JI project when permits are issued on the basis of

calculated emissions reductions and verification, possibly by a third party.

karecjviBaabnbRtbBaak; dMeNIrkarnkarecjvBaabnbRtbBaak;


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KWCaCMhannKeRmag CDM b JI EdlmankarecjvBaabnbRtbBaak;edayEpkelIkarkat;bnyeGmIsgEdl)anKNnanigepgpat; GactamryPaKITIbI.

Certified Emission Reductions (CERs): CERs are permits generated through the CDM.

karkat;bnyeGmIsgEdl)anbBaak; (CERs): CERKWCalixitGnuBaat EdlbegIteLIg)antamry CDM.Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): The CDM is a mechanism for project-based emission reduction

activities in developing countries. Certificates will be generated through the CDM from projects that lead to

certifiable emissions reductions that would otherwise not occur.

ynkarGPivDn_sat (CDM): CDM

KWCaynkarmYysRmab;skmPaBkat;bnyeGmIsgEdlEpkelIKeRmagenAkgRbeTskMBugGPivDn_. vBaabnbRt nwgRtUvpl;[ tamryKeRmag CDMEdlnaM[mankarkat;bnyeGmIsgEdlGacbBaak;)an nig EdlminGacekIteLIg)aneTRbsinebIKanKeRmag CDM.

CO2: Carbon dioxide.

CO2: ]snkabUnik.Commitment Period: The five-year Kyoto Protocol Commitment Period is scheduled to run from calendar year

2008 to calendar year-end 2012.

ryeBlCab;katBVkic ryeBlCab;katBVkicR)aMqaMeRkamBiFIsarktURtUv)aneRKagBI qaM 2008dl;cugqaM 2012edayKit tamqaMRbTiTinsuriyKti.Conference of the Parties (COP): The COP is the supreme body of the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Sixth Conference of the Parties under the UN Framework Convention on Climate

Change (COP-6) took place in The Hague 13-24 November 2000. The negotiations in The Hague did not yield

decisions on rules for the flexible mechanisms, due to disputes between the EU and the USA on how to account for

activities related to so-called carbon sinks. COP6 was therefore formally not ended before agreement was reached

at the second part of the conference (COP-6bis) in Bonn, Germany, in July 2001. COP-7 was held 29 October to 9

November 2001, in Marrakech, Morocco. COP-8 was held in New Delhi, India, in October/November 2002, while

COP-9 took place in December 2003 in Milan, Italy. COP-10 was held in December 2004 in Buenos Aires,

Argentina, and COP-11 in Montreal, Canada in November/December 2005, this also was the first Meeting of the

Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP-1). COP -12 was held in Nairobi in November 2006. COP -13 was held in Bali

in November 2006 and COP -14 was held in Poland in December 2008. The next one is to be held in Denmark in

December 2009.

snisITnPaKICasmaCk (COP): COP


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KWCasabnCan;xr>Ga GMBIrebobKNnaskmPaBnana

EdlTak;TgnwgGVIEdlhAfasRmUbkabUn. dUecH COP6min)anbBab;CapvkareLIymuneBlmankarkPaBenAkgEpkTIBIrnsnisITenH (COP-6bis) Edl)aneFVIeLIgenARkuge)anRbeTsGalWm:g; kgEx kkda qaM 2001. COP-7)anerobcMeLIgenAfTI 29 Extula dl;fTI 9 Exvcika qaM 2001 enATIRkugm:ar:aeks

RbeTsm:ar:uk. COP-8RtUv)anerobcMeLIgenARkugjedlI RbeTs \NakgExtulavcika qaM 2002 cMENk COP-9 )aneFVIeLIgenAkgEx F qaM 2003kgRkugmILan RbeTsGIutalI. COP-10 )anerobcMeLIgenAExF qaM 2004kgTIRkugbuyNUEhSr RbeTsGahSg;TIn ehIy COP-11

eFVIenATIRkugm:uger:Gal; RbeTskaNada kgExvcikaF qaM 2005ehIyenHkCakicRbCMuelIkdMbUgnPaKIkgBiFIsarktU (MOP-1)pgEdr. COP-12 )anerobcMeLIgenARkugNr:Ub RbeTsekny:a kgEx vcika qaM2006. COP-13 )anerobcMeLIgenARkug)alI kgExvcika qaM 2006 ehIy COP-14

RtUv)anerobcMeLIgenA RbeTsb:ULj kgEx FqaM 2008.


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kicRbCMubnab;BIenHnwgeFVIenAkgRbeTsdaNWm:ak; kgExF qaM 2009.Crediting Period: The crediting period is the duration when a project generates carbon credits. The crediting

period shall not extend beyond the operational lifetime of the project. For CDM projects crediting period continues

for either a 7-year period, which can be renewed twice to make a total of 21 years, or a one-off 10-year period; for

JI projects crediting period overlaps with the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012). The JI

projects starting as of 2000 may be eligible as JI projects if they meet the requirements of the JI guidelines. The end

of the crediting period can be after 2012 subject to the approval by the host Party.

ryeBl\NTan ryeBl\NTan KWCaGMLgeBlEdlKeRmagmYybegIt\NTankabUn. ryeBl\NTanminRtUvhYsBIGayukalRbtibtikarnKeRmagenaHeLIy.cMeBaHKeRmag CDM ryeBl\NTanGac man 7qaM

edayGacbEnmBIrelIkeTot EdleFVI[ryeBlsrubman21 qaM bsRmab;EtmYyelIk EdlmanryeBl10qaM. cMeBaHKeRmag JI ryeBl\NTan RtYtKaCamYyryeBlnkatBVkicelIkdMbUgenAeRkamBiFIsarktU 2008-2012. KeRmag JIEdlcab;epImenAkgqaM 2000 GacRtUv )ancat;TukCaKeRmag JI )an

RbsinebIKeRmagTaMgenaHbMeBj)antamlkxNneKalkarN_ENnaMsRmab;KeRmag JI. cugbBab;nryeBl\NTan GacmanrhUtdl;eRkayqaM 2012GaRsyelIkarGnumtkPaBedayPaKICamas;pH.

Cropland management: The system of practices on land on which agricultural crops are grown and on land that is

set aside or temporarily not being used for crop production.

karRKb;RKgdIdaMdMNaM RbBnnkarGnuvtenAelIdIFIEdlenAelIenaHmandMNaMksikmduHlUtlas;nigenAelIdIFIEdlRtUv)anl TukedayELk bmin)aneRbIR)as;CabeNaHGasnsRmab;kardaMdMNaM.D

Deforestation (LULUCF): Deforestation, as defined by the Marrakech Accords, is the direct human-induced

conversion of forested land to non-forested land. A forest is defined as a minimum area of land of 0.05-1 hectares

with tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10-30 percent with trees with the potential to

reach a minimum height of 2-5 metres at maturity in situ. Actual definitions can vary from country to country as the


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Kyoto Protocol permits countries to specify the precise definition within these parameters to be used for national

accounting of emissions. In contrast, deforestation as defined by the FAO is "the conversion of forest to another

land use or the long-term reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold."

kar)at;bg;RBeQI (LULUCF):tamkarkMNt;enAkgkicRBmeRBogTIRkug

m:ar:aEks kar)at;bg;RBeQIKWCakarbEmgedaypal;nskmPaBrbs;mnusSmkelIdIRB[kayCadIKanRB. RBeQIRtUv)an[niymnyfaCacMENkdImYykEngEdly:agehacNas; manTMhM 0/05-1 hikta edaymanKRmbRBbkRmitsniFismmUl eRcInCag 10-20PaKry

edaymanedImeQI EdlmanskanuBlkgkarduHrhUtdl;kMBs;Gb,brma 2-5 Em:RtenAeBlvamanGayueBjvyenAkgkEngedImrbs;va. niymnyCak;Esg Gac xusKarvagRbeTsnanaedayehtufaBiFIsarktUGnuBaat[RbeTsnanaKUsbBaak;GMBIniymnyCak;lak;enAkgrgVg;n):ar:aE

m:Rt TaMgenHsRmab;eRbIR)as;enAkgkarKNnaeGmIsgenAkgRbeTs. pyeTAvj tamniymnyrbs; FAOkar)at;bg;RBeQI KWCa{karbEmgRBeTACaTRmg;mYyepSgnkareRbIR)as;dI b karfycuHenAkgryeBlEvgnKRmbRBenAeRkamkRmiteKalGb,brma 10 PaKry}.

Degradation (LULUCF): A definition for forest degradation has not yet been agreed upon. Forest degradation isthe depletion of forest to tree crown cover at a level above 10 percent, however beyond this general statement, the

IPCC has not provided a specific definition.

karercrwl (LULUCF): eKenABMuTan;kPaBKaenAeLIyeTGMBIniymnysIBIkarercrwlRBeQI.karercrwlRBeQI KWCakar)at; bg;KRmbRBeQIrhUtdl;kRmiteRcInCag 10 PaKryeTaHCay:agNakeday hYsBIkRmitTUeTAenH IPCC

BMu)anpl; niymny Cak;lak;eLIy.Designated National Authority (DNA): To participate in CDM, a Party needs to appoint a Designated National


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Authority. The DNA issues the Letter of Approval (LoA) needed for registration of a project. A project will need

both a host country approval as well as investor country approval.

sabnCatiTTYlbnkynkarGPivDn_sat (DNA):edIm,IcUlrYmenAkg CDMPaKICasmaCkRtUvEtgtaMgsabnCatimYysRmab;TTYlbnk CDM. DNACaGkecjlixitGnumtkPaB(LoA)EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;karcuHKeRmagmYyeTAkgbBaI. KeRmag mYynwgRtUvkar[manTaMgkarkPaBrbs;RbeTsCamas;pHkdUcCakarkPaBBIRbeTsrbs;vnieyaKinpgEdr.

E

Emissions Trading: Emissions Trading allows for transfer of AAUs across international borders or emission

allowances between companies covered by a Cap and Trade scheme. However, it is a general term often used for

the three Kyoto mechanisms: JI, CDM and emissions trading.

BaNiCkmeGmIsg BaNiCkmeGmIsgGnuBaat[mankarepr AAUsqgkat;RBMEdnGnrCati bkarEbgEckeGmIsgrvag RkumhunnanaEdlsiteRkamRbBnkRmitTukmYyEpk

niglk;EpkEdlenAsl;. eTaHCay:agNakedayenHCalkxNTUeTA EdleRcInRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;ynkarcMnYnbIenAeRkamBiFIsarktU KW JI, CDM nig BaNiCkmeGmIsg.Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA): Binding purchase agreement signed between buyer (of CERs

or ERUs) and seller.

kicRBmeRBogTijkarkat;bnyeGmIsg (ERPA):kicRBmeRBogTijEdlCab;katBVkicedaymancuHhtelxarvagGkTij (CERs b ERUs) nigGklk;.Emissions Reductions (ERs): Emissions reductions generated by a project that have not undergone a

validation/verification process, but are contracted for purchase.

karkat;bnyeGmIsg (ERs): karkat;bnyeGmIsgbegItedayKeRmagmYyEdlenABMuTan;)anqgkat;dMeNIrkarBinitepgpat;enAeLIyeT


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b:uEnRtUv)ancuHkicsnasRmab;karTijrYcehIy.F

Financial additionality: CDM projects have to be financially additional, which means that the projects that Annex

I countries support within the framework of the CDM should not be financed by official development aid, but that

additional funding is to be made available for such projects.

ktabEnmxaghirBavt KeRmag CDMRtUvEtmanktabEnmxaghirBavtEdlmannyfa KeRmagnanaEdlRbeTsenAkg ]bsm


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skanuBlkMedABiPBelak (GWP):skanuBlkMedABiPBelakKWCaplb:HBal;EdlbgeLIgeday]snpHkBak;mYyRbePT mkelIkMeNInkMedABiPBelak.

tamniymny CO2RtUv)aneRbIR)as;CakrNIeyagdUecH vaEtgEtman GWP esI 1. GWP ERbRbYleTAtameBlevla ehIy IPCC )anesI[eRbIR)as; GWPryeBl 100 qaMsRmab;eKalbMNgnkareRbobeFob. xageRkamenHKWCataragmYyn GWP ryeBl 100 qaM

Carbon dioxide (CO2) GWP: 1

Methane (CH4) GWP: 21Nitrous oxide (N2O) GWP: 310

Hydrofluorcarbons (HFCs) GWP: GWP: 150 - 11 700

Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) GWP: 6500 - 9 200

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) GWP: 23,900

]snkabUnik(CO2)

GWP: 1

emtan (CH4) GWP: 21

DIGasUtm:UNUGuksIut (N2O)

GWP: 310

GiIRdUhyGrkabUn (HFCs) GWP:

GWP: 150 - 11 700

EBrhyGrkabUn (PFCs)

GWP: 6500 - 9 200

sulhVrGiuchSahyGrrIt (SF6)

GWP: 23,900

Grazing Land Management: The system of practices on land used for livestock production aimed at manipulating

the amount and type of vegetation and livestock produced.

karRKb;RKgdIsRmab;stVsIuesA RbBnnkarGnuvtenAelIdI

EdleRbIR)as;sRmab;karciBawmstVEdlmaneKaledAcat;Ecg elIbrimaN


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nigRbePTrukCati nigstVEdlciBawmenaH.Greenhouse gases (GHGs): Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are trace gases that control energy flows in the Earth's

atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation. Some GHGs occur naturally in the atmosphere, while others result

from human activities. There are six GHGs covered under the Kyoto Protocol - carbon dioxide (CO2), methane

(CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

CO2 is the most important GHG released by human activities.

]snpHkBak; (GHGs): ]snpHkBak; (GHGs)KWCa]snkRmEdlman\TiBlelIcrnfamBlenAkgbriyakasnEpndIeday RsUbykkaMrsIGaMgR)a. GHGsxHekIteLIgedayFmCatienAkgbriyakascMENk]snepSgeTot ekItecjBIskmPaBrbs;

mnusS.GHGs

cMnYnR)aMmYyEdlEcgenAeRkamBiFIsarktU KW ]snkabUnik(CO2) emtan (CH4) DIGasUtm:UNUGuksIut (N2O)GuIRdUhyGr:UkabUn (HFCs) EBrhyGr:UkabUn(PFCs) nig sulhVGiuchSahyGrIt (SF6). CO2KWCasMxan;CageKbMput EdlbeBajedaysarskmPaBrbs;mnusS.

HHot Air: Excess permits that have occurred due to economic collapse or declined production for reasons not

directly related to intentional efforts to curb emissions.

xl;ekA karGnuBaateRcInhYskRmitEdl)anekIteLIg edaysarkardYlrlMnesdkic bkarFak;cuHnplitkm bNalBIehtuplminTak;Tgedaypal;CamYykicRbwgERbgkgeKaledAkat;bnyeGmIsg.

I

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): IPCC was established by World Meteorological

Organisation (WMO) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) in 1988 to assess scientific,

technical and socio- economic information relevant for the understanding of climate change, its potential impacts

and options for adaptation and mitigation. It is open to all Members of the UN and of WMO.

RkumkargarGnrrdaPi)alsIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatu (IPCC): IPCCRtUv)anbegIteLIgedayGgkar]tuniymBiPBelak (WMO)nig kmvFIbrisanGgkarshRbCaCati (UNEP) enAqaM1988 edIm,IvaytmBtmanvTasaRsbeckeTs nigesdkic-sgmEdlBak;Bn


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sRmab;karEsVgyl;GMBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatuskanuBlnplb:HBal;rbs;vanigCeRmIsnanasRmab;karbnSaMnigkarkat;bnyplb:HBal;.

RkumkargarenHRtUv)anebIkcMhrsRmab;RKb;smaCkrbs; UN nig smaCkrbs; WMO.

K

Kyoto Protocol: The Kyoto Protocol originated at COP-3 to the UNFCCC in Kyoto, Japan, December 1997. It

specifies emission obligations for the Annex B countries and defines the three so-called Kyoto mechanisms: JI,

CDM and emissions trading. It entered into force on 16 February 2005.

BiFIsarktU BiFIsarktU ekItecjBI COP-3 n UNFCCCenARkugktU RbeTsCb:un kgExF qaM

1997. vaKUsbBaak;GMBIkatBVkiccMeBaHkarkat;bnyeGmIsgsRmab;bNaRbeTsenAkg]bsm


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edIm,IeFVIkarBicarNaGMBIskmPaBCak;lak;EdlbgeLIgedaymnusSEdlRsUbyk]snpHkBak;ecjBIbriyakasEdlRtUv)aneKsal;pgEdrfaCa {sRmUb{kabUn.

skmPaB dUteTAenH manEcgenAkgmaRta 3vakxN 3 nig 4 nBiFIsarktUdUcmanEcgenAkgvakxN 1 n]bsm


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enAkgbribTnkarERbRbYlGakasFatuenHKWCaGnraKmn_rbs;mnusSedIm,Ikat;bnyRbPB bBRgwgsRmUb]snpHkBak;. ]TahrN_nana rab;bBal

kareRbIR)as;\nnpUsIulkan;EtmanRbsiTiPaBx


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Policies and measures (PAMs): A frequently used phrase -- sometimes abbreviated as PAMs -- referring to the

steps taken or to be taken by countries to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto

Protocol. Some possible policies and measures are listed in the Protocol and could offer opportunities for

intergovernmental cooperation.

eKalneya)ay nigviFankar (PAMs):RbeyaKEdlmaneRbIR)as;Cajwkjab; --CYnkalsresrbMRBYjCa PAMs -- EdlsMedAelICMhannanaEdl)anGnuvtbEdlRtUvGnuvt edayRbeTsnanaedIm,Ikat;bnykarbeBaj]snpHkBak;enAeRkamGnusBaa UNFCCC nigBiFIsarktU.eKalneya)ay nigvFankarxHmanEcgenAkgBiFIsarenHnigGacpl;kassRmab;kicshRbtibtikarGnrrdaPi)al.Permanence (LULUCF): The longevity of a carbon pool and the stability of its stocks, given the management

and disturbance environment in which it occurs.

nicPaB (LULUCF): PaBenA)anyUrnGagkabUnnigsirPaBnsniFirbs;vaenAkglkxNNamYynkarRKb;RKg nigkarrMxan.R

Reforestation (LULUCF): Reforestation is the direct human-induced conversion of non-forested land to forested

land through planting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion of natural seed sources, on land that was

forested but that has been converted to non-forested land. For the first commitment period, reforestation activities

will be limited to reforestation occurring on those lands that did not contain forest on 31 December 1989.

karsarRBeQIeLIgvj (LULUCF): karsarRBeQIeLIgvjKWCakarbEmgedaypal;BIskmPaBmnusSnUvdIEdlKanRBeTA CadIRB tamrykardaM

karsabRKab;BUC nigbskmPaBrbs;mnusSkgkarCRmuj[mandMNuHedayeRbIR)as;RKab;BUCmanRbPB BIFmCatienAelIdIEdlFab;manRBeQIb:uEnRtUv)anbEmgeTACadIKanRBeQI.enAkgryeBldMbUgnkatBVkicskmPaBsarRB eQIeLIgvjmanRtwmEtCakarsarRBeQIEdlekIteLIgenAelIdIFIEdlBMumanRBeQIrhUtRtwmfTI 31 ExF qaM 1989 b:ueNaH.Sources: UNFCCC website. Point Carbon, The Little REDD Book (Global Canopy Program, 2008).

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Revegetation: A direct human-induced activity to increase carbon stocks on sites through the establishment of

vegetation that covers a minimum area of 0.05 hectares and does not meet the definitions of afforestation and

reforestation.

karbegItKRmbrukCatieLIgvijskmPaBedaypal;rbs;mnusSedIm,IbegInsniFikabUn enAelITItaMgnanatamrykarbegIt KRmbrukCatielIvsalPaBelIpdIy:agtic 0/05 hiktanigBMuRtUvtamniymnynkardaMRBeQInigkarsarRBeQIeLIgvjeLIy.S

Sequestration (LULUCF): The process of increasing the carbon content of a carbon pool other than the

atmosphere.

karTajyk (LULUCF):dMeNIrkarnkarbegInbrimaNkabUnenAkgGagkabUnmYy eRkABIbriyakas.

Sink (LULUCF): Any process or mechanism that removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol, or a precursor of a

greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. A given pool (reservoir) can be a sink for atmospheric carbon if, during a

given time interval, more carbon is flowing into it than is flowing out.

sRmUb (LULUCF): dMeNIrkar

bynkarNamYyEdldkhUtyk]sn GaeGr:UsUl bsarFatuedImNamYyn]snpHkBak; ecjBIkgbriyakas. GagmYyGacCakEngRsUbykkabUnBIkgbriyakasRbsinebIenAkgcenaHeBlNamYybrimaNkabUnkan;EteRcIn hUrcUleTAkgGagenaHeRcInCagbrimaNEdlhUrecjBIGagenaH.

Source: Opposite of sink. A carbon pool (reservoir) can be a source of carbon to the atmosphere if less carbon is

flowing into it than is flowing out of it .

RbPBpyBIsRmUb. GagkabUnmYyGacCaRbPBkabUnEdlcUleTAkgbriyakasRbsinebImanbrimaNkabUntictYcCag EdlhUrcUleTAkgGagenaH eFobnwgbrimaNEdlhUrecj.

Stakeholders: The public, including individuals, groups or communities affected, or likely to be affected, by

the project. Comments of stakeholders have to be included into Project Design Document according to rulesestablished by UNFCCC.

GkBak;BnsaFarNCn EdlrYmTaMgbuKlnana


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Rkum b shKmn_ EdlrgeRKaH b TMngCargeRKaHedaysarKeRmagenaH. eKRtUvEtbBaleyabl;rbs;GkBak;BneTAkgksarbegItKeRmag RsbeTAtambTbBaa EdlmanEcgedayUNFCCC.T

Temporary Certified Emission Reductions (tCERs): see also Long-term Certified Emission Reductions

(lCERs) Credits issued for an afforestation or reforestation project activity under the CDM that expires at the end of

the commitment period following the one during which it was issued. tCERs are issued for the net anthropogenic

greenhouse gas removals by sinks achieved by the project activity since the project start date.

brimaNeGmIsgEdl)anbBaak;Cafa)ankat;bnyCabeNaHGasn (rCERs):sUmGan\NTansRmab;brimaNeGmI-sg Edl)anbBa

ak;fa)ankat;bnysRmab;ryeBlEvg (lCERs)Edl)anecjsRmab;skmPaBKeRmagdaMRBeQIbsarRB eQIeLIgvj enAeRkam CDMEdlGs;suBlPaBenAcugryeBlnkatBVkicbnab;BIryeBlmYy EdlenAkgenaHmankarecjvBaabnbRtbBaak;. tCERs RtUv)anecjsRmab;bBaak;GMBIbrimaNnkarRsUbyksuTedayskmPaBm

nusS nUv]snpHkBak; edaysarsRmUbEdlseRmc)an tamryskmPaBKeRmagKitcab;taMgBIeBlcab;epImKeRmag.U

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): The UNFCCC was established 1992

at the Rio Earth Summit. It is the overall framework guiding the international climate negotiations. Its main

objective is "stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent

dangerous anthropogenic (man-made) interference with the climate system".

GnusBaaRkbxNshRbCaCatisIBIkarERbRbYlGakasFatu (UNFCCC): GnusBaa UNFCCCRtUv)anbegIteLIgenA qaM 1992kgkicRbCMukMBUlBiPBelaknaTIRkugrIy:U.vaCaRkbxNrYmEdlENnaMdl;karcrcaCaGnrCatiGMBIGakasFatu.eKalbMN gcMbgnGnusBaaenHKW{kareFVI[mansirPaBkMhab;]snpHkBak;enAkgbriyakas kgkRmitmYyEdlGacTb;sat;karrMxanRbkb


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edayeRKaHfak;BIskmPaBrbs;mnusSCamYyRbBnGakasFatu}.V

Verification: see also Determination. In order for CDM projects to have a formalised validation of an emission

reduction stream, a recognised independent third party must confirm that claimed emissions reduction activity hasoccurred.

karepgpat; sUmGan karkMNt;.edIm,IGacepgpat;CapvkarGMBIcrnnkarkat;bnyeGmIsgtamryKeRmag CDMTamTar[manPaKITIbI EdlCasabnkraCnigmankarTTYlsal;famansmtPaBedIm,IeFVIkarbBaak;fa

skmPaBEdlRtUv)anGHGag fakat;bnyeGmIsgBitCaRtUv)anGnuvtEmn.Verified Emission Reductions (VERs): VERs are generated by small-scale projects, which are assessed and

verified by third party organisations rather than through the UNFCCC.

karkat;bnyeGmIsgEdl)anepgpat; (VERs): VERsRtUv)anbegIteLIgtamryKeRmagxattUcEdlRtUv)anvaytm nigepgpat;

edayGgkarnanaEdlCaPaKITIbI EtminEmntamryUNFCCC eLIy.Voluntary Market: Voluntary markets for emissions reductions cover those buyers and sellers of Verified

Emission Reductions (VERs), which seek to manage their emission exposure for non-regulatory purposes.

TIpSarsRKcit TIpSarsRKcitsRmab;karkat;bnyeGmIsg )andl;GkTijnigGklk;brimaNkat;bnyneGmIsgEdl )anepgpat; (VERs)EdlRbwgERbgRKb;RKgeGmIsgrbs;xnsRmab;eKalbMNgEdlBMuTak;Tgnwgkardak;kMhit.

ccap glossary en&kh v1

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