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Wireless Communication

Mohsin Siraj 15957CCN

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What actually is Wireless

Communication?Wireless communication is the transfer of information between

two or more points that are not connected by an electricalconductor. The most common wireless technologies use radio.

The most common wireless technologies use radio. With radio

waves distances can be short, such as a few meters for television

 or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications. It encompasses various types offixed, mobile, and portable applications, including two-way radios

, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (!"s#, and

wireless networking. $ther examples of applications ofradio wireless technology  include %& units, garage door openers,

wireless computer mice,keyboards and headsets, headphones,radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television and

cordless telephones.

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Common wireless channelsThe most common wireless technologies use radio. With

radio waves distances can be short, such as a few metersfor television or as far as thousands or even millions of

kilometers for deep-space radio communications. Itencompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portableapplications, including two-way radios, cellular telephones,

personal digital assistants (!"s#, and wireless networking.

$ther examples of applications of radio wirelesstechnology  include %& units, garage door openers,

wireless computer mice,keyboards and headsets,

headphones, radio receivers, satellite television,broadcast television and cordless telephones.

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How does it work?Wireless works because an electromagnetic

wave, passing through the air at the speed oflight, can create - or 'induce' - an electricalsignal in an aerial. If you can control thiselectromagnetic wave, then you can use it tocommunicate or to broadcast information.

&o in a radio system, information is sentfrom one place - the transmitter - and pickedup in another - the receiver - using anelectromagnetic wave to carry it.

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Wireless network

" wireless network is any type ofcomputer network that uses wireless data

connections for connecting network nodes.

Wireless networking is a method by whichhomes, telecommunications networks and

enterprise (business# installations avoid the costlyprocess of introducing cables into a building, or asa connection between various euipment

locations.)*+ Wireless telecommunications networksare generally implemented and administeredusing radio communication.

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A!AN"A#$S

1. Flexibility (wirelessness): the benefts o wirelessnetworks over wired networks and one o the benefts othis exibility, as radio waves go through walls andwireless o!"uter you an be in any do!ain #kanaly$ik%erv &oint.

'. ase o use: wireless networks easy to setu" and

"rogra! assistant lasta!alv*t "roessing la"to" ornetwork ard ldsk +o" salat wireless o!"uters aree*ui""ed with this ard devies suh as entrino.

-. &lanning: the wired and wireless networks !ust beareully his "lan, but worst in wired networks, it !akesu" the walls and the !ulti"liity o nonsalary osts inthe "roess o lakhh/h !aintenane o!"onents arewired networks (ables, swithes, h" ,tra0etory ,et. ......) so ou !ust areully "lan her !other orwireless networks is !uh easier than that logi, butshould we "lan or these networks to the atual"atterns o use

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2.&lae devies: wireless network an be hidden anbe "laed behind the sreens o these networks arewell suited or "laes or sites that an be di3ult to

onnet a wired network, suh as the old !useu!buildings.

4. 5urability: 6ireless networks an be solid, but"ossible to su7er ro! radio intererene ro! other

devies and an i!"air "eror!ane when users try touse the sa!e $ik%erv &oint.

8.&ries: +he "ries o wireless networks was 9alletwas the & wireless ard osts 1;; euros in ';;;,and at the end o ';;2, osting only -; euros and this!eans that "ries are not high and that the seletiono wireless networks has beo!e a lot o users o thehouses. 

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isad%anta&es

1. o!"atibility issues: <rgans !ade by di7erent o!"anies!ay not be able to o!!uniate with eah other or you !ayneed to extra e7ort to overo!e these "roble!s.

'. thernet. +he wireless networks are oten slower thannetworks lnosolh diretly using the tehni*ues o thernet

-. 

6ireless networks the weakest in ter!s o "rivay"rotetion as any "erson within the so"e o overage o awireless network an atte!"t to "enetrate this network norder to solve this "roble!, there are several "rogra!s"rovide "rotetion or wireless networks suh as *uivalent&rivay wired networks (6ired *uivalent &rivate (6&,whih did not "rovide ade*uate "rotetion or wirelessnetworks and the (6iFi &roteted ess (6&, whihshowed greater suess in "reventing breahes o its"redeessor.

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#enerations'1#

*% is short for first-generation wireless telephone technology. This generation of phones andnetworks is represented by the brick-sied analog phones introduced in the */0s.&ubseuent numbers refer to newer and upcoming technology.

(#1% phones use digital networks. %oing all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital dataservices, such as &2& and email. 1% networks and their digital nature also made it moredifficult to eavesdrop on mobile phone calls.

)#3% networks are an in between standard. 3% is seen more as pre4% instead of a standard ofits own. The advantage 3% networks have over 1% networks is speed. 3% networks are builtto handle the needs of today0s wireless users. This standard of wireless networks increasesthe speed of internet browsing, picture and video messaging, and handheld %& use.

*#4% ("5" 6eyond 3%# is like the other generations in that its advantage lies in promisedincreased speeds in data transmission. There is currently no formal definition for 4%, but

there are ob7ectives. $ne of these ob7ectives is for 4% to become a fully I-based system,much like modern computer networks. The supposed speeds for 4% will be between *//2bit8s and * %bit8s.

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"rans+er rate'

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5# the +uture5# (5th &eneration mo,ile networks or 5th

&eneration wireless systems# denotes the nextma7or phase of mobile telecommunications standardsbeyond the current4% 8I2T-"dvanced standards.

!ata rates of several tens of 2b8s should be supportedfor tens of thousands of users.

* %bit8s to be offered, simultaneously to tens ofworkers on the same office floor.

&everal hundreds of thousands of simultaneousconnections to be supported for massive sensor

deployments.&pectral efficiency should be significantly enhancedcompared to 4%.

9overage should be improved&ignalling efficiency enhanced.

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Satelite Comm'

Satellite communications play a vitalrole in the global telecommunicationssystem. "pproximately 1,///artificial satellitesorbiting :arth relay

analog and digital signals carrying voice,video, and data to and from one or manylocations worldwide.

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How it works

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-ee.in& .ace with the $arth' &eostationary or,it2ost communications satellites are positioned in

geostationary orbit.%eostationary orbit is a circular orbit, situated directlyover the euator. " satellite positioned ingeostationary orbit circles at the same speed and inthe same direction as the :arth rotates, meaning that

it stays ;fixed0 in relation to a point on the ground.nd in the same direction as the :arth rotates, meaning

that it stays ;fixed0 in relation to a point on the ground.%eostationary orbit is at an altitude of about 3<,///km, or 11,3/ miles (in fact, it is exactly 3=,>4 km#

? a distance eual to six times the radius of the :arth? with an orbital period of 13 hours =< minutes.

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@* to 1 %A2obile telephony and data transmission

&1 to 3 %A

  2obile telephony and data transmission

  93.4 to > %ABixed telephone services, radio broadcast services, business networks

C> to .4 %A%overnment or military communications, encrypted for security reasons

5u*/.> to *.* %A

Aigh data-rate transmission, television, videoconferencing, business networks

5a

  *.* to 3* %AAigh data-rate transmission, television, videoconferencing, business networks