ccna chapter1

7/17/2019 CCNA Chapter1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ccna-chapter1-568ebe6d5d38a 1/55

CCNA1-1 Chapter 1

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Living in aLiving in a

Network-Centric WorldNetwork-Centric World



CCNA1-2 Chapter 1

Note for InstructorsNote for Instructors

• These presentations are the result of a collaboration aongThese presentations are the result of a collaboration aongthe instructors at !t" Clair College in Windsor# $ntario"the instructors at !t" Clair College in Windsor# $ntario"

• Thanks ust go out to %ick &ra'iani of Cabrillo College" (isThanks ust go out to %ick &ra'iani of Cabrillo College" (is

aterial and additional inforation was used as a referenceaterial and additional inforation was used as a reference

in their creation"in their creation"• If an)one finds an) errors or oissions# please let e knowIf an)one finds an) errors or oissions# please let e know

at*at*

+ tdae,stclaircollege"ca"tdae,stclaircollege"ca"



CCNA1- Chapter 1

CounicatingCounicating

in ain a

Network-CentricNetwork-Centric

WorldWorld

http://www.thinkgeek.com/



CCNA1-. Chapter 1

&lobal Access&lobal Access

• The globali'ation of the Internet has succeeded faster thanThe globali'ation of the Internet has succeeded faster than

an)one could have iagined"an)one could have iagined"

• The anner in which social# coercial# political andThe anner in which social# coercial# political and

personal interactions occur is rapidl) changing to keep uppersonal interactions occur is rapidl) changing to keep up

with the evolution of this global network"with the evolution of this global network"



CCNA1-/ Chapter 1

Networks 0 ehind the !cenesNetworks 0 ehind the !cenes

• Networks are ore than ust connecting cables"Networks are ore than ust connecting cables"• The) are a cople3 and sophisticated cobination ofThe) are a cople3 and sophisticated cobination of

protocols# softwareprotocols# software

and hardware"and hardware"

+ !ecurit) and 4rivac)!ecurit) and 4rivac)+ 2. 3 5 availabilit)2. 3 5 availabilit)

+ 6ualit) of !ervice6ualit) of !ervice

+ 7ideo on 8eand7ideo on 8eand

+ 7oice over I47oice over I4+ %edundanc) and backup%edundanc) and backup

+ 9ission critical applications and user e3pectations9ission critical applications and user e3pectations

+ WirelessWireless



CCNA1-: Chapter 1

Networks 0 The ;arl) 8a)sNetworks 0 The ;arl) 8a)s

•

;arl) counication relied on face-to-face conversations";arl) counication relied on face-to-face conversations"• The telephone was used for voice and the post officeThe telephone was used for voice and the post office

delivered ost of the written counications"delivered ost of the written counications"

• 7ideo counication was one-wa) using the television"7ideo counication was one-wa) using the television"


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ccna-chapter1-568ebe6d5d38a 7/55CCNA1-5 Chapter 1

Networks 0 The ;arl) 8a)sNetworks 0 The ;arl) 8a)s

• ;arl) networks were liited to character based inforation";arl) networks were liited to character based inforation"• Counications between coputers was not eas) andCounications between coputers was not eas) and

re<uired a host =no pun intended> of resources to accoplishre<uired a host =no pun intended> of resources to accoplish

the siplest data transfer"the siplest data transfer"


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ccna-chapter1-568ebe6d5d38a 8/55CCNA1-? Chapter 1

Networks 0 Toda)Networks 0 Toda)

• Toda)@s networks carr) ultiple t)pes of inforation throughToda)@s networks carr) ultiple t)pes of inforation through

an) t)pes of devices -an) t)pes of devices - SIMULTANEOUSLY SIMULTANEOUSLY ""

+ 7oice# 7ideo# Audio# Te3t# graphics7oice# 7ideo# Audio# Te3t# graphics

!ilver and 8iaondCell 4hone 1"9illion

Wind ;nerg) Cell 4hone Charger


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ccna-chapter1-568ebe6d5d38a 9/55CCNA1-B Chapter 1

Networks 0 Toda) 0 A &lobal Counit)Networks 0 Toda) 0 A &lobal Counit)



Networks !upporting The Wa) We LiveNetworks !upporting The Wa) We Live

• The Internet has <uickl) becoe an integral part of our dail)The Internet has <uickl) becoe an integral part of our dail)routines"routines"

• 8ata networks that were once onl) used to transport8ata networks that were once onl) used to transportbusiness inforation are now used to iprove our <ualit) ofbusiness inforation are now used to iprove our <ualit) oflife no atter where we live"life no atter where we live"



Networks !upporting The Wa) We LiveNetworks !upporting The Wa) We Live

• In the course of the da)#In the course of the da)#Internet resources canInternet resources can

help )ou"help )ou"

• I9I9 - Instant 9essaging*- Instant 9essaging*

+ Internet %ela) Chat =I%C>Internet %ela) Chat =I%C>• logslogs =Weblogs>*=Weblogs>*

+ 4ersonal opinions on an) conceivable subect"4ersonal opinions on an) conceivable subect"

• 4odcasting4odcasting**

!haring recordings with a wide audience =Apple i4ods>!haring recordings with a wide audience =Apple i4ods>

• WikisWikis**

+ A collaboration tool" &ives people the opportunit) to work A collaboration tool" &ives people the opportunit) to work

together on shared docuents"together on shared docuents"



Networks !upporting The Wa) We LearnNetworks !upporting The Wa) We Learn

• ;-Learning;-Learning




• $nline discussions and access to resources"$nline discussions and access to resources"


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ccna-chapter1-568ebe6d5d38a 14/55CCNA1-1. Chapter 1


• Tools - 4acket Tracer Tools - 4acket Tracer


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ccna-chapter1-568ebe6d5d38a 15/55CCNA1-1/ Chapter 1

Networks !upporting The Wa) We WorkNetworks !upporting The Wa) We Work

• usiness networks evolved to enable the transission ofusiness networks evolved to enable the transission of

an) different t)pes of inforation services# including e-ail#an) different t)pes of inforation services# including e-ail#

video# essaging# and telephon)"video# essaging# and telephon)"

•

8ifferent copanies use different t)pes of networks"8ifferent copanies use different t)pes of networks"



CCNA1-1: Chapter 1




CCNA1-15 Chapter 1




CCNA1-1? Chapter 1

Networks !upporting The Wa) We 4la)Networks !upporting The Wa) We 4la)

• The entertainent and travel industries have ade use of theThe entertainent and travel industries have ade use of theInternet to provide online gaing# usic and ovieInternet to provide online gaing# usic and oviedownloads# online travel bookings# hotel and car reservationsdownloads# online travel bookings# hotel and car reservations

and uch# uch ore"and uch# uch ore"



CCNA1-1B Chapter 1

Networks !upporting The Wa) We 4la)Networks !upporting The Wa) We 4la)

• !oe of the ost innovative developents in network!oe of the ost innovative developents in networktechnolog) have coe fro the increasing deand fortechnolog) have coe fro the increasing deand for

entertainent"entertainent"



CCNA1-2 Chapter 1

Counications 0 What is itDCounications 0 What is itD

• Counications can take an) fors and occurs in an)Counications can take an) fors and occurs in an)different environents"different environents"

• We establish rules#We establish rules# or protocolsor protocols# for counicating with each# for counicating with each

other*other*

+ Identif) the sender and receiver"Identif) the sender and receiver"+ Agree on the ethod" Agree on the ethod"

+ Coon language"Coon language"

+ !peed and deliver) of the essage"!peed and deliver) of the essage"

+ Confiration that the essage was received"Confiration that the essage was received"

• Counications between individuals is successful if theCounications between individuals is successful if the

eaning of the received essage is the sae as theeaning of the received essage is the sae as the

eaning of the essage that was sent"eaning of the essage that was sent"



CCNA1-21 Chapter 1

Counications - 6ualit)Counications - 6ualit)

• Eor data networks# we use the sae basic criteria to udgeEor data networks# we use the sae basic criteria to udgesuccessful counication"successful counication"

• (owever# there are(owever# there are e3ternal factorse3ternal factors that can affect thethat can affect theessage"essage"

+TheThe <ualit) of the pathwa)<ualit) of the pathwa) between the sender and thebetween the sender and therecipient"recipient"

+ The nuber of ties the essage has toThe nuber of ties the essage has to change forchange for ororbebe redirectedredirected oror re-addressedre-addressed""

+ The nuber ofThe nuber of other essagesother essages being transittedbeing transitted

siultaneousl) on the counication network"siultaneousl) on the counication network"+ TheThe aount of tieaount of tie allotted for successfulallotted for successful

counication"counication"



CCNA1-22 Chapter 1


• There are alsoThere are also internal factorsinternal factors that can affect successfulthat can affect successfulcounication"counication"

9essage !i'e9essage !i'e

9essage9essageCople3it)Cople3it)

9essage9essageIportanceIportance



CCNA1-2 Chapter 1


• It is also ore difficult to deliver a large# bulk) packageIt is also ore difficult to deliver a large# bulk) packagesuccessfull) and without daage than it is to deliver severalsuccessfull) and without daage than it is to deliver several

saller packages"saller packages"



CCNA1-2. Chapter 1

Network As A 4latforNetwork As A 4latfor

• All networks have All networks have 44 basic eleents in coon*basic eleents in coon*

%ules =protocols>%ules =protocols> to govern the handling of the essage"to govern the handling of the essage"

9essages9essages that travel fro one device to another"that travel fro one device to another"

9ediu9ediu that is used to interconnect devices and canthat is used to interconnect devices and can

transport the essages fro one device to another"transport the essages fro one device to another"

8evices8evices on the network that e3change essages"on the network that e3change essages"



CCNA1-2/ Chapter 1


9essages9essages take an) fors"take an) fors"



CCNA1-2: Chapter 1


9edia9edia on a network can be varied"on a network can be varied"



CCNA1-25 Chapter 1


8evices8evices on a network 0 Coon !)bolson a network 0 Coon !)bols



CCNA1-2? Chapter 1


%ules%ules on a network see alost endless 0 but the)@re not"on a network see alost endless 0 but the)@re not"

• $ther Application 4rotocols*$ther Application 4rotocols*

+ 8N!# 8(C4# ET48N!# 8(C4# ET4

• !oe $ther 4rotocols*!oe $ther 4rotocols*

+ TC4FI4 4rotocol !uite# ;thernet# %outing 4rotocolsTC4FI4 4rotocol !uite# ;thernet# %outing 4rotocols



CCNA1-2B Chapter 1

4utting It all Together 4utting It all Together

1" Converted to inar)"1" Converted to inar)"

2" NIC generates signals"2" NIC generates signals"

" 4assed aong LAN devices"" 4assed aong LAN devices"

." ;3it the local area =router>"." ;3it the local area =router>"



CCNA1- Chapter 1


The an) interconnectedThe an) interconnecteddevices worldwide are oftendevices worldwide are often

represented b) a cloud"represented b) a cloud"

/" its are transitted to/" its are transitted to

devices that interconnectdevices that interconnectthe networks"the networks"



CCNA1-1 Chapter 1


:" 4assed aong local:" 4assed aong localdevices at the destination"devices at the destination"

5" The destination device converts5" The destination device convertsthe bits into huan readable for"the bits into huan readable for"



CCNA1-2 Chapter 1


11 22 33 44

55

66 77

At each of these steps# there are At each of these steps# there are

protocols that define the rules forprotocols that define the rules for

device counication"device counication"



CCNA1- Chapter 1

4utting It All Together 4utting It All Together

• $f course# it alwa)s helps to know what )ou@re doing"$f course# it alwa)s helps to know what )ou@re doing"



CCNA1-. Chapter 1

Converged NetworksConverged Networks

• Traditional telephone# radio# television# and coputer dataTraditional telephone# radio# television# and coputer datanetworks each have their own individual versions of the fournetworks each have their own individual versions of the fourbasic network eleents"basic network eleents"



CCNA1-/ Chapter 1


• Technolog) advances are enabling us to consolidate theseTechnolog) advances are enabling us to consolidate thesedisparate networks ontodisparate networks onto one platforone platfor""

• A platfor defined as a A platfor defined as a converged networkconverged network""



CCNA1-: Chapter 1




CCNA1-5 Chapter 1

The Architecture of the InternetThe Architecture of the Internet

• The terThe ter Network ArchitectureNetwork Architecture**+ Technologies that support theTechnologies that support the infrastructureinfrastructure

+ 4rograed services and protocols4rograed services and protocols that ove thethat ove the

essages across that infrastructure"essages across that infrastructure"

• There areThere are . basic characteristics. basic characteristics for networks in general tofor networks in general toeet user e3pectations*eet user e3pectations*

+ Eault toleranceEault tolerance

+ !calabilit)!calabilit)

+ 6ualit) of !ervice =6o!>6ualit) of !ervice =6o!>

+ !ecurit)!ecurit)



CCNA1-? Chapter 1


Eault ToleranceEault Tolerance



CCNA1-B Chapter 1


• Eault Tolerance*Eault Tolerance*+ The Internet# in its earl) inception# was the result ofThe Internet# in its earl) inception# was the result of

research funded b) the Gnited !tates 8epartent ofresearch funded b) the Gnited !tates 8epartent of

8efense =8o8>"8efense =8o8>"

+ Eault toleranceEault tolerance was the focus of the initial internetworkwas the focus of the initial internetworkdesign"design"

+ ;arl) network researchers looked at the e3isting;arl) network researchers looked at the e3isting

counication networks# which were priaril) for thecounication networks# which were priaril) for the

transission of voice traffic# to deterine what could betransission of voice traffic# to deterine what could bedone to iprove the fault tolerance level"done to iprove the fault tolerance level"



CCNA1-. Chapter 1


Circuit !witched 0 Connection-$riented NetworksCircuit !witched 0 Connection-$riented Networks



CCNA1-.1 Chapter 1


4acket !witched 0 Connectionless Networks4acket !witched 0 Connectionless Networks



CCNA1-.2 Chapter 1


Circuit !witchedCircuit !witched 4acket !witched4acket !witched

Connection-orientedConnection-oriented ConnectionlessConnectionless

8edicated Circuit8edicated Circuit !hared Circuit!hared Circuit

&uaranteed level of service&uaranteed level of service

=andwidth# 6o!>=andwidth# 6o!>9essages divided into packets9essages divided into packets

Inefficient use of 9ediuInefficient use of 9ediu ;fficient use of 9ediu;fficient use of 9ediu

!ingle path# no redundanc)!ingle path# no redundanc)Eault TolerantEault Tolerant# ultiple possible# ultiple possiblepathspaths



CCNA1-. Chapter 1


!calabilit)!calabilit)



CCNA1-.. Chapter 1


• A good e3aple of A good e3aple of scalabilit)scalabilit) is the Tier architecture of theis the Tier architecture of theInternet"Internet"

Tier 2*Tier 2* 4a) Tier 1 providers for4a) Tier 1 providers forconnectivit) and provideconnectivit) and provide

regional service"regional service"

Tier 1*Tier 1* I!4s provide nationaland international connections"=7eri'on# !print# ATHT# NTT#

cable s)stes# etc">

InternetInternetackboneackbone

Tier * 4rovide service to endTier * 4rovide service to endusers and are usuall) connectedusers and are usuall) connected

through Tier 2 providers"through Tier 2 providers"

f



CCNA1-./ Chapter 1


• Additional providers can be added relativel) easil) with no Additional providers can be added relativel) easil) with nodisruption of current services"disruption of current services" THAT is scalability! THAT is scalability!

InternetInternetackboneackbone

Th A hit t f th I t t



CCNA1-.: Chapter 1


6ualit) of !ervice =6o!>6ualit) of !ervice =6o!>

fTh A hit t f th I t t



CCNA1-.5 Chapter 1



Th A hit t f th I t tTh A hit t f th I t t



CCNA1-.? Chapter 1






CCNA1-.B Chapter 1


!ecurit)!ecurit)




CCNA1-/ Chapter 1


!ecurit)!ecurit)

;nsure Confidentialit)*;nsure Confidentialit)*!trong authentication and!trong authentication and

appropriate encr)ptionappropriate encr)ption

Counication Integrit)*Counication Integrit)*8igital !ignatures# (ashing8igital !ignatures# (ashing

Algoriths# Checksu Algoriths# Checksu

;nsuring Availabilit)*;nsuring Availabilit)*

Cobating virus attacks#Cobating virus attacks#

Eirewalls# %edundantEirewalls# %edundant Architecture Architecture

T d i N t kiT d i N t ki



CCNA1-/1 Chapter 1

Trends in NetworkingTrends in Networking

+ Increasing nuber of obile usersIncreasing nuber of obile users

+ 4roliferation of network capable devices4roliferation of network capable devices

+ ;3panding range of services;3panding range of services

CC



CCNA1-/2 Chapter 1

CareersCareers

• Inforation Technolog) and networking careers are growingInforation Technolog) and networking careers are growing

and evolving as fast as the underl)ing technologies andand evolving as fast as the underl)ing technologies and

services" As networks increase in sophistication# the deandservices" As networks increase in sophistication# the deand

for people with networking skills will continue to grow"for people with networking skills will continue to grow"

ITJ i t th N t k it I! thITJ i t th N t k it I! th



CCNA1-/ Chapter 1

ITJ is not the Network 0 it I! the users"ITJ is not the Network 0 it I! the users"

• The IT =Inforation Technolog)>The IT =Inforation Technolog)>departent is not the network"departent is not the network"

• The network is the users andThe network is the users and

their*their*

+ NeedsNeeds+ ;3pectations;3pectations

+ %e<uireents%e<uireents

+ GsesGses

If IT doesn’t find a way, theIf IT doesn’t find a way, the

ses will! ses will!

A !hift i Attit dA !hift in Attit de



CCNA1-/. Chapter 1

A !hift in Attitude A !hift in Attitude

• $ld school IT doesn@t work$ld school IT doesn@t workan) ore"an) ore"

+ We don@t support 9ACs"We don@t support 9ACs"

+ We can@t allow that applicationWe can@t allow that application

on our network"on our network"+ We can@t give the accessWe can@t give the access

on our network"on our network"

+ We have too uch to do alread)"We have too uch to do alread)"

+ We don@t support that"We don@t support that"+ Kou don@t know about networks# so we can@t do that"Kou don@t know about networks# so we can@t do that"

+ That would breach our securit)That would breach our securit)

T h i l d ! ft !killTechnical and !oft !kills



Technical and !oft !killsTechnical and !oft !kills

•Networking professionalsNetworking professionalsneed ore knowledge andneed ore knowledge and

skills toda) than ever before"skills toda) than ever before"

• Toorrow@s IT professionalsToorrow@s IT professionals

will need even ore"will need even ore"• ust as iportant# andust as iportant# and

soeties even oresoeties even oreiportant# are the soft skills*iportant# are the soft skills*

+ Attitude Attitude+ ;nthusias;nthusias

+ Counications skillsCounications skills

+ 4rofessionalis and ;thics4rofessionalis and ;thics

ccna chapter1

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