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Module 5Semester I

CABLING

LANs & WANs

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Module 5 Cabling LANs & WANs

KykkosB Regional Academy

2

Content

Cabling the LAN

Cabling the WAN

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3

Objectives

Identify characteristics of Ethernet networks.

Identify straight-through, crossover, and rollover cables.

Describe the function, advantages, and disadvantages of

repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, and wireless network

components. Describe the function of peer-to-peer networks.

Describe the function, advantages, and disadvantages of

client-server networks.

Describe and differentiate between serial, Integrated

Services Digital Network (ISDN), digital subscriber line (DSL),and cable modem WAN connections.

Identify router serial ports, cables, and connectors.

Identify and describe the placement of equipment used in

various WAN configurations.

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Cabling the LANThe Physical Layer

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Networking MediaCarry flow of information

Media Characteristics:

Cable length

Cost

Ease of installation

Susceptibility to interference

Media Types

Coaxial

Fiber Optic

Space

Category 5 unshielded twisted-paircable (Cat 5 UTP)

A subset of

physical layer

implementationsfor Ethernet

LANs

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Ethernet Media

Ethernet technologies can be used in a campus network

in several different ways: 10 Mbps at the user level to provide good performance.

100 Mbps for clients or servers that require more bandwidth.

Fast or Gigabit Ethernet between backbone devices.

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Media Connectors

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RJ-45 connectors

This is the

Connector

This is theJack

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568B pin assignments straight cable

Transmit DataTip +ve Transmit Data

Ring -ve

Receive DataTip +ve

Receive DataRing -ve

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Cross Over cable pin assignments

568B

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Interconnecting Devices

Use straight-through cables forSwitch to routerSwitch to PC or serverHub to PC or server

Use crossover cables forSwitch to switchSwitch to hubHub to hubRouter to routerPC to PC

Router to PC

Use roll-over cables toConnect a terminal to aconsole port

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LAN Devices

Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches

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Repeaters - Hubs

Repeaters A repeater regenerates and retimes network signals at the bit level to

allow them to travel a longerdistance

5-4-3 Rule for 10-Mbps Ethernet should be used to limit latency

Too much latency on the LAN increases the number oflatecollisionsand makes the LAN less efficient

Hubs Hubs are actually multiport repeaters

Change the network topology from a linear bus to a star

Three basic types:

1. Passive no boost, no clean and no power

2. Active - needs power to amplify the incoming signal

3. Intelligent - microprocessor chip and diagnostic capabilities

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Bridges & Switches

Switches

Bridges and switches operate at the Data Link layer.

Destination MAC address is looked up in the bridge table to

determine whether to filter, flood, or copy the frame onto another

segment.

A switch has many ports with many network segments connected to them.

A switch chooses the port to which the destination device is connected.

Alleviates congestion in LANs by reducing the size of collision domains,

reducing traffic and increasing bandwidth.Two basic operations:

1. Switching data frames.

2. Build and maintain switching tables and search for loops.

Switches operate at much higher speeds than bridges and can support new

functionality, such as virtual LANs.

Bridges

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Wireless

Much less cabling

RF, IR, laser, satellite, microwaves

The only cabling can be to the Access Points

The transmitterconverts source data to EM waves The receiverconverts waves back into data All devices in WLAN must have Wireless NICs

IR weaknesses:

Line of sight limitation (newer technologies combat this)

Signal weakening orobstruction by people or humidity

RF technology works between rooms or even buildingsRF weaknesses:

Single frequency is subject to outside interference and obstructions

Single frequency is easily monitored by others making it insecure

FHSS and DSSS are Spread Spectrum technologies which add securityand immunity to noise by using multiple frequencies

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NIC

The function of a NIC is to connect a host device to thenetwork medium

The NIC is also referred to as a network adapter

NICs are considered Layer 2 devices because each NIC

carries a unique code called a MAC address

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Network Environments

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Peer-to-Peer

In a peer-to-peer network

networked computers act as equal partners, or

peers

individual users control their own resources

Peer-to-peer networks are relatively easy to install and

operate

A peer-to-peer network works well with 10 or fewer

computerspeer-to-peer networks do not scale well, their efficiency

decreases rapidly as the number of computers on the

network increases

Security is difficult to maintain

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Client/Server

In a client/server arrangement, network services are

located on a dedicated computer called a server

The server is a central computer that is continuouslyavailable to respond to requests from clients for file,

print, and application services

Servers are designed to handle requests from many

clients simultaneously

The aggregation of resources on server systems brings

greater security, simpler access and coordinated

control, the server introduces a single point of failure

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Peer-to-Peer vs. Client/Server

Advantages

Advantages of a Peer-to-Peer

Network

Advantages of a

Client/Server Network

Less expensive to implement Provides for better security

Does not require additional

specialized network

administration software

Easier to administer when the

network is large due to

centralized administration

Does not require a dedicated

network administrator

All data can be backed up on

one central location

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Peer-to-Peer vs. Client/Server

Disadvantages

Disadvantages of a Peer-to-Peer

Network

Disadvantages of a Client/Server

Network

Does not scale well to a large

networks and administration

becomes unmanageable

Requires expensive specialized

network administrative and

operational software

Each user must be trained to

perform administrative tasks

Requires expensive, more powerful

hardware for the server machine

Less secure Requires a professionaladministrator

All machines sharing resources

negatively impacts performance

Has a single point of failure. User

data is unavailable if the server is

down

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WAN Connections

Serial connections are used to support WAN services such asdedicated leased lines that run Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) orFrame Relay

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WAN

Serial connections are used to support WAN servicessuch as dedicated leased lines that run Point-to-Point

Protocol (PPP) or Frame Relay

ISDN offers dial-on-demand connections or dial backup

services. ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) is composed of:

Two 64 kbps bearer channels (B channels) for

data

One delta channel (D channel) at 16 kbps used

for signaling and other link-management tasks

PPP is typically used to carry data over the B

channels.

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Router Connections

Cisco router physical connectivity is provided by serial connections: The first type of serial connections is a 60-pin connector The second is a more compact smart serial connector

The provider connector will vary depending on the type of service

equipment

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DTE/DCE

When the connection is made directly to a service provider, or adevice that provides signal clocking such as a channel/dataservice unit (CSU/DSU), the router will be a data terminalequipment (DTE) and use a DTE serial cable.

When the local router is required to provide the clocking rate it willuse a data communications equipment (DCE) cable

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Router Connection Points

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Managing Routers

To initially configure the Cisco device, a management

connection must be directly connected to the device

The console port allows monitoring and configuration of

a Cisco hub, switch, or router

The cable used between a terminal and a console portis a rollover cable

also known as a console cable

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Console Connection

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. Continue next class, thank you

http://www.webopedia.com

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LABS

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LABS

5.1.5 RJ-45 jack punch down

5.1.7 Hub & NIC purchase

5.1.10 Purchasing LAN Switches5.1.12 Building a Peer to Peer network

5.1.13a Building a HUB based network

5.1.13b Building a Switch based network

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