cd4cdm suriname, first national workshop, 23-24 april 2008 climate change and cdm institutional...
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CD4CDM Suriname, First National Workshop, 23-24 April 2008
Climate Change and CDM Institutional Architecture
Glenn S. Hodes
UNEP Risø Center
CD4CDM Suriname, First National Workshop, 23-24 April 2008
Contents1. Global climate change international regime2. Climate change institutional architecture3. Flexible Mechanisms under Kyoto Protocol4. CDM institutional architecture5. Key Players in CDM and Project Cycle
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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Article 2: ”The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentration of Greenhouse Gases at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climatic system
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Global Warming Potentials
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Greenhouse-gas Concentrations
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Fossil Fuel CO2 emissionsWe are now at 381 ppm CO2, + 2 ppm/year
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The Risk to overshoot 2°C
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The Fourth Assessment by the IPCC
Working Group I "The Physical Science Basis"
Working Group III "Mitigation of Climate Change"
Synthesis ReportWorking Group II "Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability"
Kan downloades fra www.ipcc.ch
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News since IPCC 3rd Assessment Report• Most of the observed increase in globally-averaged temperatures
since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. – Strengthened prior conclusion
• Projected sea level rise (2100 compared to 1980-1999 level): 18-59 cm
• Projected temperature increase (2100 compared to 1980-1999 level): 1,1-6,4 degrees (from the 6 SRES Scenarios)
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The Flexible Mechanisms• Emission Trading (ET) •Joint Implementation (JI) •Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)The only way to obtain credits before 2008 was to make CDM.
At the annual Conference of the Parties (COP) and the Meetings of the Parties (MOP) on Bali in December the Bali Roadmap was decided. It should lead to a new Climate Agreement Post-2012 should be agreed in Copenhagen in 2009. SBI/SBSTA meetings are held in between.
Flexible mechanism Executive body Validator/Verifier Name ofunits
Emission Trading Compliance Committee AAUsTrack 1 Joint Implementation National Government National Government ERUsTrack 2 Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee Independent Entities ERUsCDM projects Executive Board Operational Entities CERs
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The purpose of the CDM
Kyoto Protocol Article 12.2 “The purpose of the CDM shall be:
• To assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and
• To assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.”
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Key Players in the CDM Process
• CDM Executive Board (EB).
• Designated Operational Entities (DOE).
• Designated National Authorities (DNA).
• CDM Project Developer/Investor.
• Certified Emission Reduction (CER) Buyer.
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CDM institutional architecture under COP/MOP
CDM-Project
Project Developer
TechnologySupplier
Technology / Know How
Management
Capital
CERs Financing
Owner/Sponsor
DOE DNAContact
CDM EB
Validators
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The Executive Board (EB)
• Ten members (fixed) and ten alternating all with specialized technical expertise. Key responsibilities:
– Review & approve new methodologies related to baseline and monitoring plans.
– Accreditation of Designated Operational Entities (DOEs).
– Develop and maintain a CDM Project Registry.
– Issue CERs.
– Establish panels.
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The Panels under EB1) The Methodology Panel -evaluates proposed new methodologies (NM) and makes recommendation to the EB (A,B,C marks). 2) The Small Scale Working Group has had 14 meeting. It does the same for small scale methodologies as the Meth Panel does for full scale methodologies.3) The Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) Working Group has had 18 meetings. It does the same for A/R methodologies as the Meth Panel does for full scale methodologies.4) The Accreditation Panel (AP) creates an Accreditation Team (AT) for companies wishing to be accredited as a DOE5) The Registration and Issuance Team (RIT) assists EB in their task to consider requests for registration of project activities and requests for issuance of CERs by DOEs.
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CDM Project Developer
• Key responsibilities:
– Prepare Project Design Document (PDD).
– Propose/select baseline methodology and ensure additionality criteria.
– Obtain all permits and approvals from DNA.
– Secure project financing.
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Designated Operational Entities (DOE)
• Independent third party assigned by EB. Project developers choose the DOE they wish. Key responsibilities:
– Validate proposed CDM projects on basis of set criteria.
– Verify emission reductions in GHG from CDM projects.
– Medium of communication between EB and project developer.
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Designated National Authority (DNA)
• A country-level focal point for CDM, based in Ministry of Environment, Energy, or other relevant institution. Responsibilities include:
– Issue Letter of Approval to project.
– Help link domestic project developers and owners to international carbon market
– Establish national CDM regulations, strategy, and criteria for sustainability and approval.
– In some countries, promote CDM projects.
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Elements in DNA approval letterThe minimum requirement:1. The country has ratified the Kyoto Protocol.2. Approval of the voluntary participation (this includes
authorisation of specific entities participating in the CDM projects).
3. Only for Host Party: Contribution to Sustainable Development.
A Unilateral project can be registered, but the CERscannot be issued before a letter of approval has been sentin from an Annex-I country.
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Designated Operational Entities (DOEs): Accredited or with Indicative Letters.
Indicative lettter: After the Desk Review and the On-site assessment is completed successful, the CDM Assessment Panel recommendthat the EB accredit the Applicant Entity (AE) once the CDM-AP has witnessed a CDM validation done by the AE. If this witnessing activity is successfull, the EB can consider to register the validated CDM project.