cdma2000 air interface evolution overview dr. edward tiedemann (qualcomm) chair, 3gpp2 tsg-ac...
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cdma2000 Air Interface Evolution Overview
Dr. Edward Tiedemann (Qualcomm)
Chair, 3GPP2 TSG-AC
3GPP2 Air Interface Evolution
• 9.6 & 14.4 kbps • Circuit & Packet Data
2G
• 64 kbps Packet Data
• ~2x voice capacity
• 153.6 kbps FL/RL3
cdma20001x Rev 0
3G
• 2.4 Mbps FL packet channel
• 2.4 Mbps FL• 153 kbps RL• BCMCS
• 3.1 Mbps FL• 1.8 Mbps RLpacket channel• BCMCS
2000 2004 2006
• 3.1 Mbps FL• 1.8 Mbps RL• BCMCS1
• Multi-carrier• N x 4.9 Mbps FL2
• N x 1.8 Mbps RL
IS-95-B
2002
IMT-2000 Technologies: MC-CDMA
cdma20001x Rev A
• 307.2 kbps FL/RL3
• ~3-4x voice capacity increase
• Higher data capacity
1999 2000 2002 2004 2009
cdma20001x Rev B
cdma20001x Rev C
cdma20001x Rev D
cdma20001x Rev E
HRPDRev 0
HRPDRev A
HRPDRev B
IS-95-A
HRPD: High Rate Packet Data (EV-DO)
N: Number of Carriers
1x Rev C and Rev D are 1xEV-DV
• Enhanced rate adaptation
• CCSH4
1: Enhanced OFDM-based BCMCS
2: 4.9 Mbps per FL carrier with 64-QAM, 3.1 Mbps with 16-QAM
3: One supplemental channel
4: CCSH: Code combining soft handoff
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HRPDRev C
• Smart Networks• FL-MIMO-OFDM• RL-MIMO
N=3 FL: 14.7/9.3 Mbps, RL: 5.4 Mbps
2010
cdma20001x Rev F
2012
M2M enhancements (see separate presentation)
cdma2000 1x Enhancements
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Increased Data Capacity with 1x-Adv Where EV-DO is Not Available
Voice Capacity
DataCapacity Up to 3x data capacity
increase with 1X Advanced
4x*
3x
1X Rev 0
1X Rev E (1x Advanced)
More Data
More Voice
* Capacity increase possible with new codec (EVRC-NW), handset interference cancellation, and receive diversity; 3x without receive diversity; over cdma2000 Rev 0 and EVRC service option 3
1X Advanced: combination of 1x Rev E and EVRC NW
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1x Advanced Frees Up Spectrum for Data
• Same voice capacity in one (1) quarter of the spectrum• Freed-up spectrum can be used for HRPD data
cdma2000 Rev 0 1X Advanced HRPD
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Up to 70% Increase in 1x Coverage
Capacity and Coverage Tradeoff Notes: Coverage is defined as the maximum area with less than 1% of the users in outage; Assumptions : 3GPP2 simulation frame work, embedded sector, with all the 1X Advanced new RC, receive diversity, FL and RL Interference cancellation.. Based on Qualcomm simulations.
x
Up to 4x more capacity with same coverage
as 1x Rev 0
Up to 70% larger coverage area with same capacity
as 1x Rev 0
x
4x
x1x
Advanced
1x Advanced1X Rev 0
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Brief Overview of 1x-Advanced Enhancements
• Efficient Source Coding withnon-critical 1/8 rate packets
EVRC-NW*
• Reduces Forward Link InterferenceFL IC**
• Efficient Voice Signal Transmission1/8th Rate Blanking*
• Reduced Rate Commands on Forward & Reverse Links
Power Control*
• Increases Traffic Demodulation Performance
Frame Early Termination*
• Cancels interference from QOF used to increase code spaceEnhanced FL IC**
• Reduce intra-cell and inter-cell interference
RL IC**
• Increasing Frame Eb/NtMobile Receive Diversity (MRD)**
Reduce Required
Power
Increase Voice
Capacity
1x-AdvancedNew Features
* Part of 3GPP2 1x Rev. E and EVRC-NW (DTX)** Implementation dependent 7
QOF: Quasi Orthogonal FunctionsIC: Interference cancellation
EVRC Family of Speech Codecs
EVRC8.3 kbps
SO3 C.S0014 First codec standardEVRC SO3 C.S0014-A Interoperable bug fixing
• All are variable rate• AADR: Active average data rate• SO: Service Option• NB: Narrowband• WB: Wideband• NW: Narrowband/Wideband• Regular is the same as
narrowband
• Bit exact code (C.R0014)• Minimum Performance Specifications (C.S0018)• Electro-Acoustic Recommended MPS (C.S0056, C.R0056)
Wide Audio BW
EVRC-WB7.4 kbps
SO70 C.S0014-CSuperior wideband voice quality
AADR not higher than EVRC
EVRC-NW3.5-8.3/7.4 kbpsSO73 C.S0014-D
Combined NB and WB CodecCS DTX: additional Capacity gain
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Regular Audio BW
EVRC-B3.5-8.3 kbps
SO68 C.S0014-BAADR Dynamically ControlledUp to 40% Capacity gain over
EVRC
Better Voice Qualityfor Similar Capacity
Voice Capacity
VoiceQuality
1x Advanced(EVRC-NW (WB))
1x Rev 0(EVRC)
x 3.5x 4x
1x Advanced(EVRC-NW (NB))
Higher Voice Quality for similar capacity
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HRPD (EV-DO) Enhancements
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Smart Networks Exploit Typically Unevenly Loaded Networks
Network loading continuously changes with time and location
Fully loaded sectors are usually surrounded by lightly loaded neighbors
Heavy Load
Medium Load
Light Load
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Smart Networks Increase Network Capacity and User Experience, Where & When Needed
Improvement depends on deployment, demand distribution and implementation. Apart from the above, Adaptive Frequency Reuse (aka Demand Matched Configuration) is also another Smart Network technique.
Network Load BalancingUtilizing unused capacity of lightly loaded neighbors
Smart Carrier Management Assigning carriers based on accurate load and location
Distributed Network Scheduler Users preferentially served by carriers that maximize capacity
Single Carrier Multi-Link Leveraging multicarrier devices in single-carrier networks
Can double network capacity and cell-edge data rates
Carrier# 1
Carrier # 2
High Load
Low Load
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DO Advanced Performance Improvement - Example
Note: The performance shown is for users in the central cells (with 2x load) . The increase depends on deployment, demand distribution and implementation
Relative Sector Load:
Sample Cluster with Uneven Load
x 2x
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Dist. in km
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
-1.5
Dis
t. in
km
Improved Performance During Loaded Conditions
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Source: Qualcomm simulations. Assumes 1 single carrier macro, with 2 double carrier picocells. Picocells are randomly placed in the network. The data loading ratio of 4:1 between high-demand and low-demand areas
Macro(1 Carrier)
DO Advanced techniques applied to networks with microcells, picocells, etc.
1X
Macro
Network Capacity (DL)
Picocell(2 carrier)
1.7X
Macro+
Pico
DO Advanced
3.3X
(Macro + Pico)
DO Advanced Optimizes Performance of Heterogeneous Networks
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Enhanced Connection Management
Supports more interactive users such as “push-pull” mobile e-mail
Efficient use of paging and access channels
Better traffic congestion management
EnhancedConnection
Management
Improved “Always ON” experience
Improved battery life
Better user experience even during congestion
Higher Connection -Capacity
Better user Experience
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Thank You!For more information, please visit http://www.3gpp2.org.
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Related Links
cdma2000® is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date
of publication), cdma2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA) in the
United States.
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Backup Slides
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EVRC Family of Codecs Mode Structures
EVRC(SO3) EVRC-B (SO68)
EVRC-WB(SO70)
EVRC-NW(SO73)
Higher Capacity Gain (Lower Average Data Rate) EVRC-B >> EVRC
EVRC-B >> EVRC-WB > EVRCEVRC-B = EVRC-NW (NB Modes) >> EVRC
EVRC-WB = EVRC-NW (WB Mode) with RC3/RC4EVRC-NW with DTX over RC8/RC11 > EVRC-NW with RC3/RC4
COP0
COP4
COP0
COP7
COP2
COP3
COP4
COP5
COP6
COP7
COP0
COP1
COP2
COP3
COP4
COP5
COP6
COP7
COP1
Vocoder Hard Handoff via SO Negotiation
Vocoder Frame Interop via Service Option Control Message Negotiation is Possible
Wideband Mode
Narrowband Modes
DTXEighth-Rate
Smart Blanking on RC8/RC11
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SO: Service OptionCOP: Capacity
Operating Point
• HRPD Revision 0– 2.4 Mbps Forward Link– 153.6 kbps Reverse Link– Multiple Personalities– RL silence interval and Busy bit
High-level Features – HRPD
•HRPD Revision B– Multi-carrier (up to 20 MHz)– Higher peak rates (64-QAM)– Battery life enhancements
• Quick Paging Channel• DTX and DRX
– Flexible Duplex Band Support– Increased MAC Indices– Greater H-ARQ granularity– Emergency Call Support
• HRPD Revision A – 3.1 Mbps Forward Link– 1.8 Mbps Reverse Link– QoS for Multiple Flows– VoIP– RL MAC Enhancements– Dynamic Slot Cycle Index– Support for BCMCS– Fast Cell Selection– Reverse link Hybrid ARQ– Generic Attribute Update
Protocol20
•Upper layer enhancements– Network Load Balancing – Single-Carrier Multilink– Connection Less data transfer– TDM’d connections– Multi-AT page message– Application-Layer Air-Link
Encryption– Emergency Alerts – Femto-cell support– Support for Priority services
•Physical layer enhancements– FL MIMO-OFDM– FL OFDMA– Higher RL data rates– RL MIMO– Closed-Loop MTD (AT side
only)
HRPD-Revision C(DO-Advanced)
•Benefits– AN protocol upgrades at for
substantial increase in Network Capacity and user experience• Enhanced performance for both
existing and new devices
– Increase number of simultaneous connections
– Improved user experience everywhere in network
– Higher Sector Capacity – Higher peak data rates for hot-
spots and re-use scenarios
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