ce mark: where to start
DESCRIPTION
Who needs a CE mark and how do I get one? It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards. This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing and and a Declaration of Conformity has been developed.TRANSCRIPT
THETHE MARKMARK
Where Do I StartWhere Do I Start
Revised 05AUG13el
Real-time diagnostics
as you test
Our Goal is to have your product PASS
all tests required
CERTIFICATIONSCE
FCC Industry Canada
RampTTESafety Listings
C-TickLVD
MACHINERY
PRODUCTS TESTEDMedical Devices
Laboratory EquipmentIndustrial MachineryHousehold Appliances
AudioVideoTransmitters
ReceiversIT
amp More
SERVICESTest amp AssessmentTrainingSeminars
Design ReviewsPerformance
Site SurveyField Evaluations
VerificationsListing Transfers
TESTINGEMCEMI
RadioSafety
Performance
Immunity amp Emissions Testing
WErsquoRE YOUR KEY TO WORLD MARKETSWorld Class testing services with a personal touch
Doing things faster respond quicker and provide you with personal attention We get the job done for you in the time frame that you require
Testing in Damascus Maryland Middlefield Ohio or at YOUR facility
The Choices You MakeNow
Can Provide for a Successful Evaluation
TheBasics
CE stands for Conformiteacute Europeacuteenne which is French for European Conformity A product in one of the controlled product categories cannot
legally be sold in the EU unless it has passed the tests to receive the CE marking
NRTL (Nationally Recognized Test Lab) amp ISO 17025 Laboratories are organizations that have demonstrated as meeting certain Business and Technical Disciplines
bull Capability Technically amp Administrativelybull Control Programsbull Complete Independencebull Reporting amp Complaint Handling bull Procedures to Test and Certify
OSHANRTL amp ISO 17025 Accredited
Labs
Regulatory Mark Or The
CE Mark
Regulatory Mark ndash
bull Issued by an NRTLbull Controlled by OSHAbull Normally US and Canadabull Safety Testing Onlybull 15 Different NRTLs
CE Mark ndash
bull Issued by The Manufacturerbull Controlled by the Manufacturerbull Prefer Accredited Labsbull Safety amp EMC and much morebull One Mark - CE
Who needs a CE mark Who needs a CE mark and how do I get oneand how do I get one
It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards
bull This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing
bull hellipand a Declaration of Conformity has been developed (other types of Declarations exist)
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Real-time diagnostics
as you test
Our Goal is to have your product PASS
all tests required
CERTIFICATIONSCE
FCC Industry Canada
RampTTESafety Listings
C-TickLVD
MACHINERY
PRODUCTS TESTEDMedical Devices
Laboratory EquipmentIndustrial MachineryHousehold Appliances
AudioVideoTransmitters
ReceiversIT
amp More
SERVICESTest amp AssessmentTrainingSeminars
Design ReviewsPerformance
Site SurveyField Evaluations
VerificationsListing Transfers
TESTINGEMCEMI
RadioSafety
Performance
Immunity amp Emissions Testing
WErsquoRE YOUR KEY TO WORLD MARKETSWorld Class testing services with a personal touch
Doing things faster respond quicker and provide you with personal attention We get the job done for you in the time frame that you require
Testing in Damascus Maryland Middlefield Ohio or at YOUR facility
The Choices You MakeNow
Can Provide for a Successful Evaluation
TheBasics
CE stands for Conformiteacute Europeacuteenne which is French for European Conformity A product in one of the controlled product categories cannot
legally be sold in the EU unless it has passed the tests to receive the CE marking
NRTL (Nationally Recognized Test Lab) amp ISO 17025 Laboratories are organizations that have demonstrated as meeting certain Business and Technical Disciplines
bull Capability Technically amp Administrativelybull Control Programsbull Complete Independencebull Reporting amp Complaint Handling bull Procedures to Test and Certify
OSHANRTL amp ISO 17025 Accredited
Labs
Regulatory Mark Or The
CE Mark
Regulatory Mark ndash
bull Issued by an NRTLbull Controlled by OSHAbull Normally US and Canadabull Safety Testing Onlybull 15 Different NRTLs
CE Mark ndash
bull Issued by The Manufacturerbull Controlled by the Manufacturerbull Prefer Accredited Labsbull Safety amp EMC and much morebull One Mark - CE
Who needs a CE mark Who needs a CE mark and how do I get oneand how do I get one
It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards
bull This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing
bull hellipand a Declaration of Conformity has been developed (other types of Declarations exist)
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
The Choices You MakeNow
Can Provide for a Successful Evaluation
TheBasics
CE stands for Conformiteacute Europeacuteenne which is French for European Conformity A product in one of the controlled product categories cannot
legally be sold in the EU unless it has passed the tests to receive the CE marking
NRTL (Nationally Recognized Test Lab) amp ISO 17025 Laboratories are organizations that have demonstrated as meeting certain Business and Technical Disciplines
bull Capability Technically amp Administrativelybull Control Programsbull Complete Independencebull Reporting amp Complaint Handling bull Procedures to Test and Certify
OSHANRTL amp ISO 17025 Accredited
Labs
Regulatory Mark Or The
CE Mark
Regulatory Mark ndash
bull Issued by an NRTLbull Controlled by OSHAbull Normally US and Canadabull Safety Testing Onlybull 15 Different NRTLs
CE Mark ndash
bull Issued by The Manufacturerbull Controlled by the Manufacturerbull Prefer Accredited Labsbull Safety amp EMC and much morebull One Mark - CE
Who needs a CE mark Who needs a CE mark and how do I get oneand how do I get one
It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards
bull This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing
bull hellipand a Declaration of Conformity has been developed (other types of Declarations exist)
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
TheBasics
CE stands for Conformiteacute Europeacuteenne which is French for European Conformity A product in one of the controlled product categories cannot
legally be sold in the EU unless it has passed the tests to receive the CE marking
NRTL (Nationally Recognized Test Lab) amp ISO 17025 Laboratories are organizations that have demonstrated as meeting certain Business and Technical Disciplines
bull Capability Technically amp Administrativelybull Control Programsbull Complete Independencebull Reporting amp Complaint Handling bull Procedures to Test and Certify
OSHANRTL amp ISO 17025 Accredited
Labs
Regulatory Mark Or The
CE Mark
Regulatory Mark ndash
bull Issued by an NRTLbull Controlled by OSHAbull Normally US and Canadabull Safety Testing Onlybull 15 Different NRTLs
CE Mark ndash
bull Issued by The Manufacturerbull Controlled by the Manufacturerbull Prefer Accredited Labsbull Safety amp EMC and much morebull One Mark - CE
Who needs a CE mark Who needs a CE mark and how do I get oneand how do I get one
It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards
bull This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing
bull hellipand a Declaration of Conformity has been developed (other types of Declarations exist)
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
CE stands for Conformiteacute Europeacuteenne which is French for European Conformity A product in one of the controlled product categories cannot
legally be sold in the EU unless it has passed the tests to receive the CE marking
NRTL (Nationally Recognized Test Lab) amp ISO 17025 Laboratories are organizations that have demonstrated as meeting certain Business and Technical Disciplines
bull Capability Technically amp Administrativelybull Control Programsbull Complete Independencebull Reporting amp Complaint Handling bull Procedures to Test and Certify
OSHANRTL amp ISO 17025 Accredited
Labs
Regulatory Mark Or The
CE Mark
Regulatory Mark ndash
bull Issued by an NRTLbull Controlled by OSHAbull Normally US and Canadabull Safety Testing Onlybull 15 Different NRTLs
CE Mark ndash
bull Issued by The Manufacturerbull Controlled by the Manufacturerbull Prefer Accredited Labsbull Safety amp EMC and much morebull One Mark - CE
Who needs a CE mark Who needs a CE mark and how do I get oneand how do I get one
It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards
bull This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing
bull hellipand a Declaration of Conformity has been developed (other types of Declarations exist)
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
NRTL (Nationally Recognized Test Lab) amp ISO 17025 Laboratories are organizations that have demonstrated as meeting certain Business and Technical Disciplines
bull Capability Technically amp Administrativelybull Control Programsbull Complete Independencebull Reporting amp Complaint Handling bull Procedures to Test and Certify
OSHANRTL amp ISO 17025 Accredited
Labs
Regulatory Mark Or The
CE Mark
Regulatory Mark ndash
bull Issued by an NRTLbull Controlled by OSHAbull Normally US and Canadabull Safety Testing Onlybull 15 Different NRTLs
CE Mark ndash
bull Issued by The Manufacturerbull Controlled by the Manufacturerbull Prefer Accredited Labsbull Safety amp EMC and much morebull One Mark - CE
Who needs a CE mark Who needs a CE mark and how do I get oneand how do I get one
It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards
bull This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing
bull hellipand a Declaration of Conformity has been developed (other types of Declarations exist)
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Regulatory Mark Or The
CE Mark
Regulatory Mark ndash
bull Issued by an NRTLbull Controlled by OSHAbull Normally US and Canadabull Safety Testing Onlybull 15 Different NRTLs
CE Mark ndash
bull Issued by The Manufacturerbull Controlled by the Manufacturerbull Prefer Accredited Labsbull Safety amp EMC and much morebull One Mark - CE
Who needs a CE mark Who needs a CE mark and how do I get oneand how do I get one
It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards
bull This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing
bull hellipand a Declaration of Conformity has been developed (other types of Declarations exist)
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Who needs a CE mark Who needs a CE mark and how do I get oneand how do I get one
It is EU law that every product that enters the European Union meet the CE Directives and applicable Standards
bull This mark can only be applied to your product when you have fully complied with all relevant Directives and Standards for the type of system you are marketing
bull hellipand a Declaration of Conformity has been developed (other types of Declarations exist)
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
The European UnionThe European Union
Member States of the EU
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CroatiaCyprus DenmarkCzech RepublicEstonia FinlandFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIreland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgMalta NetherlandsPoland PortugalRomania SlovakiaSpain SwedenUnited Kingdom
December 2009
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Countries on the road to EU MembershipIceland Montenegro
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Turkey
Potential Candidates
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
The Road to ComplianceThe Road to ComplianceKeep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety Keep in mind there are more than just EMC amp Safety
Directives amp StandardsDirectives amp Standards
CE MARK
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FILE
DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS STANDARDS
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
bull The CE symbol must be affixed on the equipment itself in such a manner that it cannot be easily removed The minimum size is 5 mm (02)
bull Only if your equipment is too small or the usage of a sign is incompatible with the function of your equipment may it be used on any accompanying documentation for identification
5mm
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Whatrsquos a Whatrsquos a Directive Directive
A Directive is an EU legally binding documentthat is provided to facilitate the free movement of goods and services - Think of it as the Law
Directives provide for health safety and environmentalrequirements for a wide range of products ranging fromresidential to industrial equipment
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Just a few of The DirectivesJust a few of The Directiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectiveshttpwwwnewapproachorgdirectives
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
HARMONIZED amp
NON-HARMONIZEDSTANDARDS
The StandardsThe Standards
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Harmonized Harmonized StandardsStandards
Also known as lsquomandated standardsrsquo Fulfills the requirements of the European Directives The standards are published in the Official European Journal Adopted by the European Committee for Standardization amp the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Widely accepted throughout the world today
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Non-Harmonized Non-Harmonized StandardsStandards
An example ndash American Standards (UL CSA ANSI Mil) Those standards are NOT published in the official European
Journal Have NOT been Adopted by the European Committee for
Standardization or the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
May Require the use of a 3rd party (Known as Notified Body) and possibly some additional documentation between testing and placing the CE mark on your product Normally there are additional costs involved
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
DOCDOCA Legally Binding Document
gt A sworn statement of fact lt
bull Contains a legal statement that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable Directives (Laws) and Standards (test methods)
bull Must be signed by a responsible person representing the Manufacturer Someone who is accountable for the design testing and validity of the DOC
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Information Required Information Required on a on a
DDeclaration eclaration oof f CConformityonformity
Description of the system or product Model NumberPart Number Report number (supplied by the Test Lab) Directives Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Standards Used (supplied by the Test Lab) Signature of the Responsible Person On your Letter Head or another Company Document Dated and signed
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
TTechnical echnical FFileile
All CE marking directives require the manufacturer of the product to create a technical file which should contain the information required to show that the product properly complies with the requirements of the directives which apply to it
It is important to understand that only the authorities given power to enforce the directives have a right to see the technical file It does not need to be published or given to customers
The Machinery Directive requires manufacturers based outside Europe to appoint someone within Europe to act as the contact point for their technical documents
The purpose of the Technical File is to provide evidence for an enforcement authority that the product has correctly completed the assessment and attestation procedures of the relevant directive(s)
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Penalties could lead to any of the following
Shipments Stopped at Port Fines Products Removed From the
Markets No Further Sales Within the
European Union Imprisonment
What happens if I donrsquot CE mark my product
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Typical Information Typical Information in a in a TTechnical echnical FFileile
Descriptive Report (include photos ) Product Safety Test Report EMC Test Report RoHS 2 Compliance Documentation Operating Manual Installation Instructions Electrical Schematics Mechanical Drawings Bill of Materials Component Data Sheets CD containing copy of Declaration of Conformity Certificate and CE Mark Declaration of Conformity Certificate
Note
These are controlled documents and proprietary documents that should be part of your
document control program
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
RAPEXRapid Alert System for non-food products
httpeceuropaeuconsumerssafetyrapexalertsmainindexcfm
PRODUCT ALERT
PROGRAMS
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
1048708General Content
bull Details of manufacturer nameaddressbull Description of the product Marking EC declaration of conformitybull Determination of the use (purpose)bull Warning on remaining dangers and miss use
Also gt Information on - - -
Transport installation assembly putting into operation trainingoperation maintaining and repairing dismantling recycling
amp if need be disposal
Please note this is not a complete list of requirements
THEINSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
MANUALLANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
The Language shall be acceptable by the Country in which the equipment is to be installed for use
The Documentation intended for use by Service personnel should be in English
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Chinese
Spanish
English
German
French
FIVE COMMON LANUAGES
Cuidado
avertir
Warnung
Caution
警告 告誡
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
What are the BasicsFor an RFQ
Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram
DeviceOr System
ForEvaluation
220VAC50Hz5A
IO in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)
IO out to Actuator (15m)
List all electrical inputs amp outputs and identify if they are power or IO Provide the maximum lengths for each input amp output cable Identify any fluid gas or air requirements and pressures Description of the product and where it is used
120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
What Do You Need to do to Prepare
for Testing amp Evaluation
Provide all requested documentation by the date F2 Labs has requested
Ensure that the product functions as close as possible to normal operation for a continuous period of time
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Typical EMC Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallation Manual
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Typical Safety Supporting Documentation
Needs
Test Sample Set-Up Instructions OperatorInstallationMaintenance Manual Electrical Schematics and Wiring Diagrams Mechanical Drawings and Block Diagrams Drawings of all applied labels Bill of Materials (electrical and mechanical) Critical Component Data Sheets such as Filters Power Supplies Transformers etc Lasers ndash CDRH or IEC 60825 report
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
The The EMCEMC DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive applies to all electronic and electrical products that are manufactured
Compliance has been mandatory since January 1 1996
Simply stated - in order to comply with this Directive the product must have an adequate level of immunity amp shall not interfere with any other systems or products
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
EMCEMC is a is a natural conditionnatural condition that exists when electrical that exists when electrical equipment is performing its designed functions equipment is performing its designed functions
without without
ldquoldquoCausingrdquoCausingrdquo (Emissions) or ldquo (Emissions) or ldquosufferingsufferingrdquo (Immunity) fromrdquo (Immunity) from
unacceptableunacceptable degradation due to electromagnetic interference degradation due to electromagnetic interference toto or or fromfrom other equipment other equipment
BASIC BASIC EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibilityompatibility
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)2 conditions must be satisfied The device does not generate electromagnetic noise and does not malfunction due to extraneous noise
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) The device does not generate electromagnetic noise beyond established levels EMS (Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility)The device does not abnormally malfunction due to extraneous noise within the environment the device will be used
EMC EMC -CONTINUED--CONTINUED-
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
ImmunityImmunityAKAAKA
SusceptibilitySusceptibility
helliphellipa condition that exists when equipment continues to operate withina condition that exists when equipment continues to operate within
acceptable limits of performanceacceptable limits of performance when exposed to interference in when exposed to interference in
which the environment where it is usedwhich the environment where it is used
gtgtgtgtFor ExampleltltltltgtgtgtgtFor Exampleltltltlt
Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a Equipment may work fine in a home but may fail if it is placed inside a machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the machine shop Why Equipment is immune to the low levellow level residential residential disturbances but not immune to disturbances but not immune to high levelhigh level industrial-strength industrial-strength disturbancesdisturbances
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Emissions AKA
Noise Leaking Radio Frequency
A condition that exists when your equipment suffers from unacceptable degradation of performance as a result of electromagnetic interference
gtgt For Example ltltgtgt For Example ltlt
You run the vacuum cleaner at your house while the television in on and the television screen gets staticky
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT
Electromagnetic Fields Exist EverywhereIt is NORMAL
There are two paths
Radiated Airborne
amp Conducted Wires
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
TYPICAL TYPICAL EElectro-lectro-MMagneticagnetic
CCompatibility Tesompatibility Teststs
- Radiated Immunity - Harmonics - Conducted Immunity - Flicker - Surge - Radiated Emissions - ESD - Conducted Emissions - EFT - Voltage Dips amp Interrupts
IMMUNITY TESTS EMISSIONS TESTS
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Radiated Immunity
Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Radiated ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Conducted Immunity
Evaluates the productrsquos ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Conducted ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there IO line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Surge Immunity
This tests the equipmentrsquos level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Surge ImmunitySimulation
ControlledPulse
Source
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Pulse injection
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed
Surge ImmunityDesign Tips
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
ESD Immunity
Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation These are appliedeither by air or by touch (contact)
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
ESD ImmunitySimulation
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Electro-static discharge
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
ESD ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure consider conductive coatings With keyboards consider using a ldquoback-planerdquo ground sheet
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)
Immunity
EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipmentrsquos resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
EFT ImmunitySimulation
ControlledSignalSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Signal injection
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
EFT ImmunityDesign Tips
Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Voltage Dips amp Interrupts Immunity
Simulates voltage variations and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Voltage Dipsinterrupts ImmunitySimulation
ControlledVoltageSource
Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device
within the application of use
Voltage injection
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Voltage Dipsinterrupts Immunity
Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
HarmonicEmissions
Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Harmonic EmissionsSimulation
Signal Monitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Harmonics Emissions Design Tips
Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
FlickerEmissions
The term ldquoflickerrdquo applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions It is also knownas surge emission
For example when the lights flicker
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Flicker Emission Simulation
CurrentMonitoring
Device
Current monitoring
Coming from the device
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Flicker Emissions Design Tips
Use pre-approved power supplies
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC are subject to rules (FCC RTTE etc) for preventing interference and RTTE etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum
All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-intentional non-intentional RadiatorsRadiators such as electrical circuits are not such as electrical circuits are not designed to generate RF energy but do As a designed to generate RF energy but do As a result they result they couldcould interfere with other devices interfere with other devices
RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
RadiatedEmissions
Verifies that the products RF emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Radiated EmissionsSimulation
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your
Location ndash Clearance Requirements
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
ConductedEmissions
This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Conducted EmissionsSimulation
SignalMonitoring
Device
Signal monitoring
Coming from the device
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your ldquoventrdquo openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible
Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Have you NoticedCommonality in
Design Tips
Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Electrical PortsInputsOutputs
Testing - GuidancePort Identity
3m and less gt3m (98 ft) gt10m (328 ft) gt30m (984 ft)
Input AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im DipsInterrupts Im
Output AC Power Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Input and Output DC Power
Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im (EN61326)
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Signal IO Conducted Im EFT Im
Conducted Im EFT Im Surge Im
Functional Earth Conducted Im Conducted Im EFT Im
Cable length 1 meter = 32808399 feet
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
The product The product must complymust comply with the with the design design and testand test requirements of the proper requirements of the proper
safety standard safety standard
Typical Safety Typical Safety RequirementsRequirements
All products placed on the market must be safe
Even if there is no specific Directive or Standard that
applies
General Product Safety Directive 200195EC
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Primary Focus BeingPrimary Focus BeingHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETYHUMAN amp PROPERTY SAFETY
bull High Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels
bull Mechanical InjuryMechanical Injury
bull Fire HazardsFire Hazards
bull Electric ShockElectric Shock
There are There are 4 Basic Safety 4 Basic Safety
ConcernsConcerns
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Power InterfacePower Interface Temperature Monitoring During TestsTemperature Monitoring During Tests Leakage CurrentLeakage Current Single Fault ConditionsSingle Fault Conditions Leakage TestLeakage Test Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge Grounding ImpedanceGrounding Impedance Humidity ConditioningHumidity Conditioning Dielectric Withstand testDielectric Withstand test Mechanical TestsMechanical Tests Durability of MarkingsDurability of Markings Stability amp Abnormal TestingStability amp Abnormal Testing
Typical Safety TestsTypical Safety TestsDetermined by Determined by thethe Standards Standards
NoteFor certain Directives there is
A mandatory requirement for Risk Assessment to be
performed
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
SafetyDesign Tips For
Product Enclosures
Top openings 4mm dia times 100mm long Bottom openings 2mm dia max times 3mm
spacing or wire mesh or baffle Fasteners for coversfilters over hazardous live parts and mechanical hazards shall require a tool to remove Stability 10deg tilt Handles capable of withstanding force of four times the weight
of the equipment
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring
User-accessible conductive parts shall be bonded to the Protective Earth (PE) ground
The integrity of the PE bonding shall be assured Circuitwiring connections shall not cause accessible parts to
become live in normal or single fault condition
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
SafetyDesign Tips For
Grounding Wiring-CONTINUED-
PE soldered connections require mechanical securing in addition to solder
PE shall not be used for other purposes such as fixing constructional parts
Hinges and slides shall not be used for PE path Exterior metal braidsfoils of cables shall not be considered as PE
bonding PE conductors may be bare or insulated clear or greenyellow
for PE insulation color
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
SafetyDesign Tips - General
Circuit breakers for AC supply are not polarized in Europe Accidental loosen of wiring and screws shall not cause accessible
part to become live Self-tapping screws and screws of insulating material should not
be used for electrical connections Edges corners accessible to users shall be rounded or smoothed
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Minimum SafetyDesign Tips
Labels amp Markings
Products shall bear voltage current power and frequency ratings model number and company identification markings
Input amp Output ratings Convenience outlets marked with voltage and current ratings Onoff symbols should be used for disconnect switches Internal markings ndash AC terminals identified PE symbol adjacent
to ground earth symbol
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
SafetyDesign Tips
Flammability Plastics for fire enclosures rated V-1 PCB rated V-1 V-2 for plastics enclosures that have other means to prevent the
spread of fire for example a metal sub-enclosure Plastics in IO connectors with non-hazardous voltages rated V-2 Connectors and plastic on which components are mounted rated V-
2 Plastic air filters rated V-2 or HF-2 Plastic enclosures and decorative parts outside fire enclosures
rated HB Plastic wire insulation rated FV-1
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
RoHS Directive 201165EU
is now a CE Marking Directive
What does that mean to you
It means that if you manufacture an electricalelectronic device product or equipment youcan no longer CE-mark your product in accordance with just the Machinery EMC Medical Deviceor Low Voltage Directive Compliance with the RoHS Directive is now required before you canplace the CE mark on your product This should be included on your Declaration of Conformity
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Lead (01 )Mercury (01 )
Cadmium (001 )Hexavalent chromium (01 )
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) (01 )Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (01 )
Restricted substances and maximum concentration values tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials (Article 4(1))
Here are links to the ROHS Directive and a blue-guide that you should find usefulhttpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110enPDFhttpeceuropaeuenvironmentwasterohs_eeepdffaqpdf
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Household Appliances IT and Telecommunications Equipment Consumer Equipment Lighting Equipment Electrical and Electronic tools Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
Products that must comply NOW
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
Medical Devices and Monitoring and Control Instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2014
In vitro diagnostic medical devices ndash must comply by July 22nd 2016
Industrial monitoring and control instruments ndash must comply by July 22nd 2017
Extension to all EEE except for the ones explicitly excluded in Article 24 of the Directive - July 23rd 2019
httpeur-lexeuropaeuLexUriServLexUriServdouri=OJL201117400880110ENPDF
New Categories that were formerly excluded
but are now included are
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
There areOther requirements to
Consider Such as
WEEE REACH
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
WEEE
European Directive 201219EU (WEEE)
The purpose of this Directive
bull Avoiding of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmentbull Reduction of Waste by Recycling and other Meansbull Improvement of the environmental with respect to the life cycle of
materialsproductsbull Collection Treatment and Reuse of old Electrical- and Electronic
materialsbull Responsibility for Treatment Reuse and environmental correct
disposal
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
REACH
REACH is a European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use EU Directive EC 19072006 amp deals with the Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances The new law entered into force on 1 June 2007
The new Regulation aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment
httpeceuropaeuenterprisereachindex_enhtm
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom
F2 Labs can assist you with your testing needsWe offer a full range of compliance testing services We are fully equipped to test and
approve a wide range of products and equipment for organizational and governmental
certifications In addition we offer consulting and educational services and on-site testing can
be performed by request
With more than 20 years of experience in the worldwide market F2 Laboratories can assist you
through the certification process Wersquore committed to providing our customers with
exceptional customer service
Call 1-877-405-1580 for a quote todayOr email salesf2labscom