c&e unit 1 powerpoint
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
By: Tessa Hoffmann, Rachel
Navarro & Emma Hadley
![Page 2: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of Government:
• Monarchy-ruled by a king or queen
• Dictatorship- ruled by one with military force
• Theocracy-ruled by religious leaders
• Oligarchy-ruled by few
• Democracy-ruled by citizens
![Page 3: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2 types of Democracy-
Direct-all citizens have a chance to vote for any law/action
Representative-citizens elect officials to make decisions on
their behalf
Branches of Government-
• Legislative branch-makes laws
• Executive branch-enforces laws
• Judicial branch-interprets laws
![Page 4: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• England has historically been a monarchy
• King John 1 signed the Magna Carta which established
these current rights:
• Accused are guaranteed a trial by jury
• Accused are innocent until proven guilty
• All citizens are guaranteed justice
• All citizens have to follow the same laws and will be punished
the same for breaking those laws
![Page 5: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Parliament-
• Originally the kings advisors
• The first time Parliament had more power than
the king was during the Glorious Revolution
• Used common laws (based on customs and
precedents) to make decisions
![Page 6: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• This was a time when Europeans began to question
traditional ideas about many areas, especially
government and how it should be run.
Here are some enlightenment philosophers…
![Page 7: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Helped pave the way to the American Revolution. He
believed…
• The purpose of government is to protect natural rights
(life,liberty,property…)
• In a social contract where citizens agree to give up some
freedoms for protection from the government
![Page 8: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Baron de Montesquieu- he believed government power
should be split into three branches
Jean-Jacques Rousseau-he believed all men are created
equal
Voltaire-he believed in separation of church and state
![Page 9: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Early government in the Colonies-
• Mayflower Compact: established self-government by
written law in Plymouth Colony
• House of Burgesses: first form of representative set up in
VA colony
![Page 10: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The king only allowed the colonies to trade with England
which made England richer and more powerful. This is
called Mercantilism.
![Page 11: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Late 1750’s to early 1760’s
• England and the colonies fought France for a part of
American land
• This war caused heavy debt so the colonist were taxed
by the British crown
![Page 12: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Said colonists couldn’t settle west of the Appalachian
mountains
• Colonists didn’t like this law
![Page 13: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• All printed documents now had to have a stamp
• The colonists rebelled and the act was repealed
• Lead to the Boston Massacre where 5 colonists were
killed
![Page 14: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• England passed the Tea Act which taxed tea
• Sons of Liberty lead a revolt and dumped all to the tea
from British tea ships into the Boston Harbor
![Page 15: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Was a form of punishment for the Boston Tea Party
• Formally called the Townsend Acts
• Said there would be no trial by jury in the colonies
• The Quartering Act forced colonists to house and feed
British soldiers
• Set a up a blockade on Boston Harbor which put
hardships on Boston residents
![Page 16: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Held in Pennsylvania
• All colonies were represented except Georgia
• Sent King George III the Declaration of Rights and
Grievances asking him to repeal the acts, marking the
first time the colonies acted together against the crown
• King George III responded with the battles of Lexington
and Concord, defeating the colonists both times
![Page 17: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Held in Massachusetts
• All colonies were represented
• Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense calling for
independence from England
• After lots of debate, delegates decided to send a
Declaration to the King
![Page 18: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Thomas Jefferson was the main writer, basing his ideas
off of those of the enlightenment philosophers
• It listed 27 complaints against England
• Led to the American Revolutionary War
![Page 19: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Problems facing the United States-
• Heavy debt
• Federal government had no power to tax so states
placed heavy taxes on citizens causing many businesses
to fail
![Page 20: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• First form of American government
• Had a unicameral congress with each state getting one
vote
• Had no executive or judicial branch
![Page 21: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Each state had only one vote
• Had no power to tax
• Couldn’t regulate foreign or interstate trade
• No executive branch
• No judicial branch
• Unanimous vote needed to amend the AC’s
• 9 out of 13 states was required to pass laws
![Page 22: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• An army was created to prevent farmers from losing their
land
• Government had a hard time stopping it
• Led the US to realize that they needed a stronger central
government
![Page 23: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Delegates had to choose to amend the AC’s or scrap
them and start over
• Had to choose to have one large state or set up a federal
system where power was divided between a central
government and states
![Page 24: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Virginia Plan-
• Proposed by James Madison
• Supported by states with large populations
• Called for representation based on population
![Page 25: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
New Jersey Plan-
• Proposed by William Patterson
• Supported by states with small population
• Called for equal representation
![Page 26: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Set up a bicameral legislature
• Senate would have equal representation
• House of Representation would have representation
based on population
• The most important compromise at the Convention
![Page 27: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Slave states wanted to count slaves as a part of the
population
• Decided that they could count 3 out of every 5 slaves as
a part of the population
![Page 28: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Anti-federalists didn’t support ratification because they
feared the central government would be too strong
• Federalists supported ratification; wrote the Federalist
Papers supporting stronger central government;
promised to add a Bill of Rights if the Anti-federalists
ratified the Constitution
![Page 29: C&e unit 1 powerpoint](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042816/559b92261a28ab6d2a8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• 9 out of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution before it
went into effect
• Went into effect on June 21, 1788
• The Constitution could only be amended by a vote of the
states