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睿途教育

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1. Generations of teachers have assigned Thoreau's book Walden (1854),

which recounts his experiment in living in solitary harmony with nature,

as an illustration of the intensity with which nineteenth-century America

protested the intrusion into pastoral harmony of the forces of

industrialization and urbanization.

主干分析：teachers have assigned Walden as an illustration

难句特点：复杂修饰。which recounts his experiment...with nature 是定

语从句，修饰 Walden；in living in solitary harmony with

nature 是介词短语作定语，修饰 experiment；with which

nineteenth-century America...and urbanization 是定语从句，

修饰 intensity；of industrialization and urbanization 是介词

短语作定语，修饰 forces，of the forces 是介词短语作定语，

修饰 intrusion。

重点词汇：assign v. 分配，指派，指定；recounts v. 详述某事，重新

计算； solitary a. 单独的，独居的，幽静的； illustration

n. 插图，图表，说明，例证； protested v. 抗议，反对，

声明； intrusion n. 闯入，打扰，干涉； pastoral a. 牧师

的，田园的，农村生活的； industrialization n. 工业化；

urbanization n. 城市化，文雅化

中文翻译：十九世纪的美国人强烈抗议工业化和城市化力量对田园自

然的入侵，很多代老师都将梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》看作其抗

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议强烈程度的例证，这本书写了梭罗与自然和谐独居的经

历。

2. Although Thoreau, in Walden, was sometimes ambivalent about the

mechanization that he saw around him, at other times he was downright

enthusiastic, as in his response to the railroad: "When I hear the iron

horse make the hills echo with his snort like thunder, shaking the earth

with his feet, and breathing fire and smoke from his nostrils, ... it seems

as if the earth had got a race now worthy to inhabit it."

主干分析：he was enthusiastic

难句特点：复杂修饰。although 音引导让步状语从句；in Walden 作插

入语；that he saw around him 是定语从句修饰

mechanization；when 引导时间状语；shaking the earth with

his feet and breathing fire and smoke 是分词作状语，表伴

随，now worthy to inhabit it 是定语，修饰 race。

重点词汇：ambivalent a. 矛盾的，矛盾心理的； mechanization n. 机

械化； downright a. 彻底的，完全的，直率的 ad. 完全

地； enthusiastic a. 热情的，极感兴趣的； iron horse n. 火

车； echo v. 重复，反射，发出回声 n. 回音； snort n. 鼻

息声 v. 喷鼻息（表示不耐烦等）； nostril n. 鼻孔； inhabit

v. 居住于，栖息于

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中文翻译：尽管在《瓦尔登湖》里，梭罗有时对周围的机械化表现出

矛盾，其它时候他对此是异常热情的，如同他对铁路作出

的回应：“当我听到火车像雷声般轰鸣着，轮子震动着大

地，烟囱喷出烟火，在山谷里发出回声时...似乎这个地球

现在迎来了值得居住于此的物种。”

3. This is not the case with the "postmodern" Paul Barolsky, who in 1994,

seeking to explain what it is about the Mona Lisa that "holds us in thrall,"

pointed to Leonardo's remarkable technique, which creates a sense of

texture and depth.

主干分析：this is not the case with Paul Barolsky

难句特点：复杂修饰。who 引导定语从句，修饰 Paul Barolsky；seeking

to explain...in thrall 是分词作状语，修饰 Paul；what it is

about the Mona Lisa作explain的宾语；which creates a sense

of texture and depth 是定语从句，修饰 technique。

重点词汇：postmodern a. 后现代主义的，后现代派的； thrall n. 奴

隶，奴仆，奴隶制，束缚；emarkable a. 异常的，引人注

目的，不寻常的； texture n. 手感，质地，质感；

中文翻译：在“后现代派”的 Paul Barolsky 身上事情却不是这样，他在

1994 年试图解释到底是什么让《蒙娜丽莎》“把我们紧紧

抓住，受其控制”，他指出那是 Leonardo 的杰出技艺，这

种技艺创造了质地和深度感。

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4. It is of course intensely pleasurable to imagine that, as we face the

products of Leonardo, Raphael, and other great artists of bygone ages,

armed with nothing but our "innate" sensibility, a mysterious yet almost

palpable contact is established.

主干分析：it is pleasurable to imagine that...

难句特点：it is of course intensely pleasurable to imagine 是不定式作形

式主语，复杂修饰。that as we face...is established 是宾语

从句；as 引导时间状语从句；armed with nothing but our

"innate" sensibility 是插入语。

重点词汇：Raphael 拉斐尔； bygone a. 很久以前的，以往的 n. 过

去的事； innate a. 先天 de，固有的，与生俱来的；

sensibility n. 识别力，敏感性，灵敏性； mysterious a. 神

秘的，难以理解的； palpable a. 可触知的，摸得出的，

明显的； established a. 已建立的，已设立的，已制定的，

证实的

中文翻译：当我们只带着“与生俱来的“敏感面对 Leonardo，Raphael

和其他以前伟大艺术家的作品时，一种神秘而又可触及的

联系便建立了起来，这件事想象起来是很愉快的。

5. Not without purpose had he come down to Yorkshire: his mission was

clear, and he intended to discharge it conscientiously: he anxiously

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desired to have his niece married; to make for her a suitable match; give

her in charge to a proper husband, and wash his hands of her forever.

主干分析：he has come down to Yorkshire

难句特点：倒装；复杂修饰。倒装句还原为 he had come down to

Yorkshire not without purpose，由于否定词提前，因此谓

语前置；married 作 niece 的宾语补足语，in charge to a

proper husband 是 her 的宾语补足语。

重点词汇：mission n. 使命，任务，天职，代表团； discharge v. 卸

船，放出，发射，偿还，执行 n. 获准离开，释放；

conscientiously ad. 凭良心地，负责尽职地； niece n. 外

甥，侄女

中文翻译：他来到 Yorkshire 不是没有目的：他的使命很明确，他打

算认真地执行它：他十分焦虑地希望侄女能结婚；给她找

一个和她相配的男人；把她交给一个合适的老公，从此不

再过问她的事。

6. It seems that in the early days of the solar system the Sun was less

luminous than it is now, in which case Venus and Earth may have started

to evolve along the same lines, but when the Sun became more powerful

the whole situation changed. Earth, at 93 million miles, was just out of

harm's way, but Venus, at 67 million, was not.

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句子主干：it seems that...；Earth was out of harm’s way but Venus was

not.

难句特点：复杂修饰；省略。it seems that...是一个表语从句；less...than

表比较；in which case...same lines 是定语从句，对前面内

容进行修饰；when 引导时间状语从句；at 93 million miles

和 at 67 million 都是插入语，was not 指代 was not out of

harm’s way。

重点词汇：solar system 太阳系； luminous a. 发光的，明亮的，清楚

的； evolve v. 演变，进化；

中文翻译：看来在早期的太阳系中，太阳发光要比现在少，在这种情

况下，金星与地球可能开始了同样的进化路线，但当太阳

能变得更多后，一切情形都变了。地球与其相距 9300 万

英里，避开了有害路线，而金星在相距 670 万英里的位置

上却未能避开。

7. I leaned forward and concentrated down into the invisible shape he had

drawn, trying to see the changes that would come, the nighttime rising of

dammed water bringing a new lake up with its choice lots, its marinas and

beer cans, and also trying to visualize the land as Lewis said it was at that

moment, unvisited and free.

句子主干：I leaned forward and concentrated down into the invisible

shape

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难句特点：复杂修饰。he had drawn 是定语修饰 shape；trying to see

是分词作状语，表伴随；and also trying to visualize 也是分

词作状语，表伴随；the changes，the nighttime rising of

dammed water 都是 see 的宾语；bringing a new lake up 是

分词作宾语补足语，修饰 the nighttime rising of dammed

water；as Lewis said it was at that moment 作定语，修饰

land，unvisited and free 对 land 作进一步解释。

重点词汇：lean v. 倾斜，倚靠，依赖 n. 倾斜 a. 贫乏的，瘦的；

invisible a. 看不见的，暗藏的；nighttime a. 夜间的 n.

夜间； marina n. 小艇停靠区；can n. 罐，罐头； visualize

v. 使形象画，设想，想像

中文翻译：我身子向前倾，关注了一下他画的那个看不见的形状，试

图看看那些将会来临的变化，还有晚上水坝的水位上涨而

形成的一个新的湖面，连带着一些小玩意儿，小艇码头还

有啤酒罐，我还试着去想像 Lewis 形容的那片在那个时候

还未经开采的，空闲着的土地。

8. Surprisingly, there are old comic book fans, a small army of them:

adults wearing school ties and tweeds, teaching in universities, writing ad

copy, writing for chic magazines, writing novels—who continue to be

addicts, who save old comic books, buy them, trade them, who publish

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mimeographed "fanzines," strange little publications deifying what is

looked back on as "the golden age of comic books."

句子主干：there are old comic book fans

难句特点：复杂修饰；并列结构。surprisingly 以及 a small army of them

都是插入语；wearing school ties and tweeds，teaching in

universities，writing ad copy，writing for chic magazines，

writing novels 都是并列成分，都是分词作定语，修饰

adults；三个 who 分别引导的都是定语从句，修饰 fans；

deifying 是分词作定语，修饰 publications；what 作宾语从

句中的主语。

重点词汇： tie n. 领结，关系，束缚 v. 系，绑，打结；tweed n. 花

呢服装；chic n. 时髦，别致的款式 a. 别致的； addict v.

使沉溺，使上瘾 n. 有瘾的人，入迷的人； mimeograph v.

油印 v. 油印机； deify v. 神化，崇拜，把...奉若神明

中文翻译：令人惊讶的是，确有一些老漫画书爱好者，他们中有一小

部分人：带着学校的领带，穿着学校的花呢服装，在大学

里教书，写广告文案，给时尚杂志撰稿，创作小说——他

们一直是对漫画书有瘾的人，他们保存旧的漫画书，购买

旧漫画，交易旧漫画，他们出版油印的“粉丝杂志”，一些

把过去奉为“漫画的黄金时代”的奇怪的小出版物。

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9. The charges against comic books in the 1950's—that they were

participating factors in juvenile delinquency, that they were, in general, a

corrupting influence, glorifying crime and depravity—can only, in all

fairness, be answered: "But of course. Why else read them?"

句子主干：the charges can be answered

难句特点：复杂修饰。against comic books in the 1950’s 是介词短语作

定语，修饰 charges；that they were...and depravity 是对

charges 作进一步解释；in juvenile delinquency 是介词短语

作定语，修饰 factors；in general 是插入语；glorifying crime

and depravity 是分词作状语，表伴随；in all fairness 是插

入语。

重点词汇：charge n. 费用，掌管，控告，电荷 v. 装载，指责，控告，

充电，使承担； juvenile a. 青少年的，幼稚的 n. 青少年，

少年读物； delinquency n. 过失，罪过，不法行为； corrupt

a. 腐败的，贪污的，堕落的 v. 腐烂，恶化，堕落； glorify

v. 赞美，崇拜，美化； depravity n. 堕落，腐败，恶行；

fairness n. 公平，清晰，美好

中文翻译：二十世纪五十年代对漫画的指责——认为漫画是青少年犯

罪的影响因素，认为漫画通常来说就是一种美化犯罪和堕

落的腐败影响——对于这种指责，公平来说只能这样回

答：“但是，当然是这样了。不然还有其他原因来读它吗？”

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10. Comic books, first of all, are junk. To accuse them of being what they

are is to make no accusation at all: there is no such thing as uncorrupt

junk or moral junk or educational junk—though attempts at the latter

have, from time to time, been foisted upon us.

句子主干：Comic books are junk. To accuse them is to make no

accusation at all.

难句特点：复杂修饰。first of all 是插入语。to accuse 是动词不定式作

主语；to make no accusation 是动词不定式作表语；

uncorrupt junk，moral junk，educational junk 都是并列成分，

作 such thing 嘉宾语补足语；though 引导让步状语从句；

from time to time 是插入语。

重点词汇：junk n. 废弃物品，破烂物 v. 丢弃，废弃；accuse v. 指

责，谴责，控告； accusation n. 指责，指控，罪名； uncorrupt

a. 未堕落的，不腐败的； moral a. 道德的，精神上的，

品性端正的 n. 道德，寓意； attempt v. 试图，尝试 n. 尝

试，企图； foist v. 强迫接受，把...强加于

中文翻译：首先，漫画书是垃圾。谴责它们是垃圾书根本就不是什么

谴责：没有像非腐败垃圾，道德垃圾或者教育垃圾这种东

西——尽管对于后者的尝试一次又一次被强加在我们身

上。

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11. We passed through two sets of heavy brass doors to the lobby of the

library, a great domed entrance with a ceiling adorned with what I used to

imagine were the angels of books.

主干分析：we passed through doors to the lobby

难句特点：复杂修饰。a great domed entrance with a ceiling...the angels

of books 是对 lobby 的进一步说明；with a ceiling 是介词

短语作定语，修饰 entrance；adorned with what I used to

imagine were the angels of books 是分词作定语，修饰

ceiling；what 引导的内容是作 adorned with 的宾语。

重点词汇：brass n. 黄铜，铜管制品； lobby n. 前厅，厅堂 v. 向...

游说； domed a. 半球形的，有穹顶的； ceiling n. 天花

板，顶棚，上限； adorn v. 装饰，使生色

中文翻译：我们穿过两扇厚重的黄铜门来到图书馆大厅，半球形的入

口处有一个屋顶，上面装饰着我经常想象的书籍天使。

12. Galvanized by motives ranging from Chinese nationalism to

American patriotism and feminism, Chinese American women initiated

an outpouring of highly organized activities in such areas as fund-raising,

propaganda, civil defense, and Red Cross work.

主干分析：Chinese American women initiated activities

难句特点：复杂修饰。galvanized by motives...and feminism 是过去分

词作状语，表原因，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，都是

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Chinese American women；ranging from 是现在分词作后置

定语，修饰 motives；in such areas 是介词短语作定语，修

饰 activities。

重点词汇：galvanize v. 激起某人行动起来，刺激，用锌镀；nationalism

n. 爱国主义，民族主义，爱国心； patriotism n. 爱国主

义，爱国精神； feminism n. 女权主义，女权运动； initiate

v. 开始，创始，发起 a. 新加入的，创始的 n. 开始，

新加入者；outpouring n. 倾泄，流出，流露； propaganda

n. 宣传，宣传运动； Red Cross 红十字会

中文翻译：受中国的民族主义，美国的爱国主义以及女权运动主义的

激发，很多美籍华裔妇女发起了一系列高度组织的活动，

诸如募集资金，活动宣传，民防护卫以及参与红十字会等。

13. Everything in this world issues fully formed from a benign monster

called manufacture; a never-ending stream of objects—of graded quality,

of perfect uniformity—from behind veils of smoke.

主干分析：everything issues from a benign monster

难句特点：复杂修饰。 in this world 是介词短语作定语，修饰

everything；called manufacture 是分词作定语，修饰 benign

monster； a never-ending stream of objects...from behind

veils of smoke 对 manufacture 作进一步解释；of graded

quality, of perfect uniformity 是对 objects 作进一步解释。

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重点词汇：issue v. 发行，发布，流出 n. 发行物，流出，问题，期

号； benign a. 良性的，吉利的，和蔼的； manufacture n.

制造，制造业，产品 v. 制造，加工，捏造； stream n. 溪

流，流动，光线 v. 流出，涌进，飘扬； graded a. 分等

级的，按等级分的； uniformity n. 一致，单调，无差异，

无变化； veil n. 面纱，遮盖物

中文翻译：这个世界的一切都来源于一个被称作“制造业”的良性怪

物；一条永不停息的产品流水线，那些产品质量合格，及

其一致，出现在烟雾的遮挡之后。

14. The story most archaeologists built on these ancient tools was of a

people they nicknamed Clovis, who came into North America via Siberia,

moved south through an ice-free corridor, then dispersed, their

descendants occupying North and South America within a thousand

years.

主干分析：the story most archeologists built was of a people they

nicknamed Clovis

难句特点：复杂修饰。most archaeologists built on these ancient tools

是定语从句，省略 that，修饰 story；they nicknamed Clovis

韩定语从句，省略 that 修饰 a people；who came into...a

thousand years 是定语从句，修饰 a people；their descendants

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occupying North and South America within a thousand years

是分词作状语，表伴随。

重点词汇：archaeologist n. 考古学家； ancient a. 古代的，古老的，

过时的 n. 老人，古代人； nickname n. 绰号，昵称 v. 给...

取绰号； corridor n. 走廊； disperse v. 分散，传播，驱

散，使散开； descendant n. 后代，后裔； occupying v. 占

领，占据，使忙碌，居住

中文翻译：大多数考古学家建立在这些古代器具上基础的故事是有关

于一个被他们取外号为 Clovis 的民族，这些人通过西伯利

亚向北美迁移，一直向南通过无冰的通道，然后就分散了，

他们的后人在 1000 年内占据着南北美洲。

15. Whereas ancient landlubbers would have had to reinvent their means

of hunting, foraging, and housing as they passed through different terrains,

ancient mariners could have had smooth sailing through relatively

unchanging coastal environments.

主干分析：ancient mariners could have had smooth sailing through

environments

难句特点：复杂修饰。whereas ancient landlubbers would have had to...

as they passed through different terrains 是让步状语从句；

of hunting, foraging and housing 是介词短语作定语，修饰

means；could have done 表示虚拟语气。

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重点词汇：landlubber n. 旱鸭子； forage v. 搜索粮草 n. 饲料，草料；

terrain n. 地形，地面，地域； mariner n. 海员，水手；

coastal a. 海岸的，沿海的

中文翻译：尽管远古时不懂航海的人穿过不同地域的时候，他们不得

不重新发明打猎，搜寻和造房的新方法，但远古水手们可

能已通过相对不变的海岸环境而得以顺利航行。

16. “Fettered as women are in European countries by restraints,

obligations, and responsibilities, which are too often arbitrary and

artificial...it is natural enough that when the opportunity offers, they

should hail even a temporary emancipation through travel.”

主干分析：“As women are fettered ......, which are...it is natural enough

that.....,they should......

难句特点：倒装＋复杂修饰

倒装复原：as women are fettered ......as引导的状语从句倒装；which

are too often arbitrary and artificial......定语从句；......｛ that ｛when the

opportunity offers,｝时间状语从句 they should hail even a temporary

emancipation through travel ｝that引导的宾语从句

重点词汇：fetter

中文翻译：尽管女性在欧洲国家受到社会限制，社会义务和责任的束

缚，而这些束缚都是专制和人为的。很自然的，当机会来

临她们也会因旅游而获得的暂时解脱而欢呼。

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17. Chauvinistic about our human need to wake by day and sleep by night,

we come to associate night dwellers with people up to no good, people

who have the jump on the rest of us and are defying nature, defying their

circadian rhythms.

句子主干：we come to associate...with...,

难句特点：复杂修饰＋省略

Chauvinistic about our human need to wake by day and sleep by night,状

语；people who have the jump on the rest of us and are defying nature,

defying their circadian rhythms.做之前的people的同位语，对people进

行解释，同位语从句中又有两个并列结构，have 与are 并列，因为

主语相同都是people，所以 are 之前的who省略。

重点词汇：chauvinistic adj.沙文主义的，盲目爱国的

circadian adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的

get／have the jump on 占优势；领先；胜过

up to no good 干坏事，惹事生非

中文翻译：盲目且强势的地认为日出而作，日落而息是人类的需要，

我们会把熬夜的人和惹事生非的人联系起来，他们占了我

们的上风，他们无视自然规律，无视生理节奏。

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18. Though we are at the top of our food chain, if we had to live alone in

the rain forest, say, and protest ourselves against roaming predators, we

would live partly in terror, as our ancestors did.

句子主干：if we had to live......,we would live in terror......

难句特点：插入语＋复杂修饰

Though we are at the top of our food chain，状语从句； if we had to

live alone in the rain forest, say, and protest ourselves against roaming

predators......状语从句；say,插入语表示比如说；as our ancestors

did.as引导的定语从句，表示从句内容与主句意思一致。

中文翻译：尽管我们处于食物链的上端，如果我们不得不孤身生活在

热带雨林，保护自己不受游猎的食肉动物的攻击，我们也

会像我们的祖先那样，多半生活在恐惧当中。

19. The motifs that recur in this thesis can be identified as far back as the

eighteenth century in the vain warnings that early cultural criticism

sounded against the dangers of reading novels

句子主干：the motifs ...... can be identified as .....

难句特点：复杂修饰

that recur in this thesis 定语从句修饰the motifs； as far back as the

eighteenth century in the vain warnings状语从句； that early cultural

criticism sounded against the dangers of reading novels同位语从句修饰

warnings；

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中文翻译：出现在这一理论中的主题可以追溯到18世界，那时候早期

的文化评论徒劳地提醒人们阅读小说的危害

20. To mention just one example, no one has yet succeeded in putting

before us even a single viewer who was incapable of telling the difference

between a family quarrel in the current soap opera and one at his or her

family’s breakfast table.

句子主干：no one has yet succeeded in putting a single viewer who was

incapable......

难句特点：复杂修饰＋双重否定

To mention just one example,插入语；no one ......incapable,双重否定表

肯定，能找到一个可以区分目前上映的肥皂剧中的家庭纷争和自家

餐桌上的纷争的人；who was incapable of telling the difference

between a family quarrel in the current soap opera and one at his or her

family’s breakfast table.定语从句修饰viewer；

中文翻译：仅举一个例子，在我们的身边找不出这样的电视观众：他

不能区分目前上映的肥皂剧中的家庭纷争和自家餐桌上

的纷争。

21. One might have second thoughts about the theorists’ influence when

one watches how the veterans of televised election campaigns fight each

other for every single minute when it comes to displaying their limousine,

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their historic appearance before the guard of honor, their hairstyle on the

platform, and above all their speech organs.

句子主干： one might have second thoughts about......when

难句特点：复杂修饰＋并列

{when one watches ［how the veterans of televised election campaigns

fight each other for every single minute］宾语从句} 状语从句｛when it

comes to displaying ［their limousine, their historic appearance before the

guard of honor, their hairstyle on the platform, and above all their speech

organs.］四个并列成分｝插入语

重点词汇：second thought 重新考虑

中文翻译：当观众看到参加电视选举活动的老手在台上分秒必争，展

示他们的名车，当选之前的风采，台上的发型，最重要的，

他们发言的语调时，观众有必要重新思考一下理论家的影

响

22. His behind the scenes at the Front, published in 1915, exudes cheer,

as well as warm condescension, toward the common British soldier,

whom he depicts as well fed, warm, safe, and happy-better off, indeed,

than at home.

主干分析：His behind the scenes exudes cheer as well as warm

condescension.

难句特点：插入语＋复杂修饰

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published in 1915, 过去分词做插入语，修饰behind the scenes，对主

语起补充说明的作用；toward the common British soldier, whom he

depicts as well fed, warm, safe, and happy-better off, indeed, than at

home. 介词短语修饰behind the scenes，whom引导的定语从句修饰

british soldier；

中文翻译：他在1915年出版了《前线之后》，书中洋溢着对普通英国

士兵的热情鼓励和殷切关怀，这些士兵被描述成衣食无

忧，安然无恙，热情幸福的人，事实上，战场比家里还要

好。

23. It is no surprise to find Northcliffe’s Times on July 3, 1916, reporting

the first day’s attack during the battle of the Somme with an airy

confidence which could not help but deepen the division between those

on the spot and those at home.

句子主干： It is no surprise to find Northcliffe’s Times on July 3, 1916,


｛reporting the first day’s attack during the battle of the Somme with an

airy confidence （which could not help but deepen the division between

those on the spot and those at home）定语从句修饰confidence.｝reporting

一直到结尾，做伴随状语；

中文翻译：他在1916年7月3号的《时代周刊》上用一种趾高气扬充满

自信的语气报道了索姆河战役中第一次进攻的情况，难怪

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这篇报道不但没有帮助反而加深了战场中的士兵与家中

平民的隔阂。

24. The nature of the barrier thrust between Vera Brittain and her fiance,

however, may have been even more complex than she herself realized,

for the impediment preventing a marriage of their true minds was

constituted not only by his altered experienced but by hers.

句子主干：the nature of the barrier may have been even more complex

than she herself realized，for the impediment was constituted not by...but

by...

难句特点：复杂修饰＋并列

thrust between Vera Brittain and her fiance,作定语修饰barrier；

preventing a marriage of their true minds分词短语做后置定语修饰

impediment；not by...but by...两个并列结构；

中文翻译：这个在维拉和她未婚夫之间存在的屏障事实上可能比她意

识到的还要复杂，因为这种阻碍使得他们的婚姻无法进行

真实想法的交流，并且带来这种阻碍的不仅仅是他未婚夫

的改变，她也不同于以前了。

25. The wartime poems, stories, and memoirs by women sometimes

sublty, sometimes explicitly explore the political economic revolution by

which the First World War at least temporarily dispossessed male citizens

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of the primacy that had always been their birthright, while permanently

granting women access to both the voted and the professions that they

had never before possessed.

句子主干：the wartime poems，stories，and memoirs explore the

political economic revolution


｛ by which the First World War at least temporarily dispossessed male

citizens of the primacy （that had always been their birthright,）定语从

句修饰primacy；［ while permanently granting women access to both

the voted and the professions（ that they had never before possessed.）定

语从句］伴随状语，主语是the first world war ｝定语从句修饰

revolution

中文翻译：女人创作地战时地诗歌，故事和回忆录中，有的隐晦有的

明确地探索了第一次世界大战带来的政治和经济上的变

革，即至少是暂时地把剥夺了男性公民与生俱来的优越地

位，同时又永久地赋予了女性参加投票和可以在之前无权

涉足地工作领域工作的权利。

26. So profound was (woman’s) unconscious loathing for the education

of the private house that she would undertake any task, however menial,

exercise any fascination, however fatal, that enabled her to escape.

句子主干：so profound was unconscious loathing for ...... that she would

undertake......, exercise......

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难句特点：倒装＋插入语

倒装还原：woman’s unconscious loathing for the education of the

private house was so profound that she would undertake any task,

however menial, exercise any fascination, however fatal, that enabled her

to escape.

however menial,, however fatal,两个都是插入语； that enabled her to

escape定语从句修饰fascination；

中文翻译：女性在潜意识中多么地厌恶只能接受家庭教育，以至于

他们愿意承担任何任务，不管多么地不体面，愿意相信

任何蛊惑，不管多么危险，让他们能够逃脱。

27. His caramel-colored skin darkened to toffee under fluorescent light

but sometimes took on a golden sheen, especially in the vertical shafts of

sunlight that poured into his favorite practice room where she’d often

peek in on him- an uncanny complexion, as if the shades swirled just

under the surface.

句子主干： His caramel-colored skin darkened to toffee but sometimes

took on a golden sheen


［especially in the vertical shafts of sunlight （that poured into his

favorite practice room）that引导的定语从句修饰sunlight；（ where

she’d often peek in on him- an uncanny complexion）where引导的定语

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从句修饰room］状语从句；as if the shades swirled just under the

surface.状语从句；

中文翻译：他驼色的皮肤在荧光下成了深咖色，但是有时会染上一层

金色的光泽，尤其是当阳光垂直射进那间他最喜爱的练习

室时，她常在那儿瞥见他－这真是奇怪的肤色，就好像阴

影在表面下流动。

28. At first curiosity increased the business on the street where they were

sold and there was even word of respectable persons who disguised

themselves as workers in order to observe the novelty of the phonograph

at firsthand, but from so much and such close observation they soon

reached the conclusion that it was not an enchanted mill as everyone had

thought and as some had said, but a mechanical trick that could not be

compared with something so moving, so human, and so full of everyday

truth as a band of musicians.

句子主干： curiosity increased the business on the street and there was

even word of respectable persons，but they soon reached the

conclusion......

难句特点：复杂修饰＋并列结构

where they were sold定语从句修饰street； who disguised themselves

as workers 定语从句修饰persons；in order to observe the novelty of the

phonograph at firsthand目的状语从句； from so much and such close

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observation介词短语作状语；｛that it was not an enchanted mill （as

everyone had thought and as some had said,）定语从句修饰mill； but a

mechanical trick （that could not be compared with something so moving,

so human, and so full of everyday truth as a band of musicians.）定语从

句修饰trick；｝同位语从句解释说明conclusion；同位语从句中又包

含了not...but的并列结构；

中文翻译：刚开始人们对留声机非常好奇，甚至带动了留声机所在的

那条街道的生意，甚至有消息说一些很受尊敬的人乔装打

扮成店员只为直接近距离地观察它的新奇之处。但是经过

大量的精密观察他们很快得出结论，认为留声机不是人们

之前认为的那样是一个魔法机器，他只是一个机械骗术，

根本不能与那些音乐家们演奏的如此动人的，充满平凡真

理的人性音乐相比较。

29. It was such a serious disappointment that when phonographs became

so popular that there was one in every house they were not considered

objects for amusement for adults but as something good for children to

take apart.

句子主干：it was such a serious disappointment that...

难句特点：从句重叠＋省略

such...that...引导结果状语从句；｛when phonographs became（ so

popular that there was one in every house they were not considered

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objects for amusement for adults but （they were considered）被省略as

something good for children to take apart.）so...that..引导状语从句｝状

语从句

中文翻译：这对人们来说可真是个严重的打击，因为家家户户都已

经买了留声机，只不过不是被当作大人们娱乐的工具，

而是成为孩子们手中可以拆着玩的工具。

30.In both the United States and Europe, environmental trends are, for the

most part, positive; and environmental regulations, far train being

burdensome and expensive, have proved to be strikingly effective, have

cost less than was anticipated, and have made the economies of the

countries that have put them into effect stronger, not weaker.

主干分析： environmental trends are positive；and environmental

regulations have proved..., have cost......, and have made....

难句特点：并列＋复杂修饰＋插入语

for the most part，插入语； far train being burdensome and expensive,

插入语现在分词修饰regulations；hat have put them into effect 定语从

句修饰countries；

中文翻译：在美国和欧洲，环保趋势在极大程度上都是积极的；环境

规章条例并非昂贵而难以负担，相反已经证明有显著的效

果，它比预期花费要少，而且使实施国的经济更强而非更

弱。

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31. Nor are environmentalists the only people reluctant to acknowledge

the good news: advocates at both ends of the political spectrum, each side

for its own reasons, seem to have tacitly agreed to play it down.

句子主干：environmentalists are not the only people to....:advocates

seem to have agreed to play it down.

难句特点：倒装＋主谓分离＋插入语

倒装还原：environmentalists are not the only people reluctant to

acknowledge the good news; each side for its own reasons,插

入语；at both ends of political spectrum介词短语修饰

advocates加入插入语与谓语seem to 分离；

中文翻译：环境学家并非是唯一不愿去承认好消息的人，两端政治阵

营的支持者，由于各自不同的原因，也默许掩盖环保取得

的成就。

32. You do not fire a person who has challenged you openly at faculty

meetings, who had fought, despite you and your cable, for a program of

salary increases and a lightening of the teaching load, who has not feared

to point to waste and mismanagement concealed by those in high places,

who dared to call only last week (yes, fantastic as it seemed, this was the

background of the case) for an investigation of the Buildings and

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Grounds Department and begged the dietitian to unscramble, if she would

be so good, for her colleagues, the history of the twenty thousand eggs.

主干分析：you do not fire a person

难句特点：复杂修饰。who has challenged...,who had fought...,who has

not feared...,who dared to...,都是定语从句，修饰 a person；

despite you and your cable 作插入语，if she would be so

good 作条件状语从句。

重点词汇：faculty n. 能力，才能，系，院，全体教职员； concealed

a. 隐蔽的，隐匿的 dietitian n. 膳食学家，饮食指导员

unscramble v. 整理，恢复原状，使...清晰

中文翻译：你不能解雇一个在教师大会上公开质疑你的人，他不管你

和你的团伙吵着要加工资，减轻教学负担，他毫无畏惧地

指出学校领导隐藏的浪费与管理不善，他仅仅就在上周敢

于要求学校就建筑学院作出调查（是的，看上去似乎是极

好的，但这就是 Mulcahy 被解雇的背景），他还请求食堂

主任，要是她有那么好的话，向她的同事解释清楚 2000

个鸡蛋是怎么回事。

33. A condolatory smile, capping this enumeration, materialized on his

lips; the letter was so inconsonant with the simplest precepts of strategy

that it elicited a kind of pity, mingled with contempt and dry amusement.

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主干分析：a smile materialized on lips；the letter was inconsonant with

precepts

难句特点：复杂修饰。capping this enumeration 是分词，作状语，表

伴随；so...that...是固定搭配，mingled with contempt and dry

amusement 作后置定语，修饰 pity。

重点词汇： condolatory a. 吊唁的，慰问的；enumeration n. 计数，

列举；inconsonant a. 不和谐的，不相容的；precept n. 格

言，规格，训诫，命令；contempt n. 轻视，蔑视，耻辱

中文翻译：盖过种种列举，他的嘴边露出慰借的微笑；这封信实在不

符合最简单的策略规划，让人心生某种同情，又夹杂着轻

蔑和讥讽。

34. For the truth was, as Mulcahy had to acknowledge, pacing up and

down his small office, that in spite of all the evidence he had been given

of the president’s unremitting hatred, he found himself hurt by the

letter——wounded, to be honest, not only in his self-esteem but in some

tenderer place, in that sense of contract between people that transcends

personal animosities and factional differences, that holds the individual

distinct from the deed and maintains even in the fieriest opposition the

dream of final agreement and concord.

主干分析：the truth was that he found himself hurt by the letter

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难句特点：复杂修饰。pacing up and down 是分词，作状语，表伴随；

that in spite of...hurt by the letter 是表语从句；that

transcends personal...differences, that holds the... concord 都

是定语从句，修饰 contract。

重点词汇：unremitting a. 不懈的，不间断的；self-esteem 自尊，自负；

tender a. 柔软的，温柔的，脆弱的 v. 使...变柔软，提供，

偿还；transcend v. 超出，胜过；animosity n. 憎恨，仇恨；

factional a. 派系的，派别的；fiery a. 热烈的，炽烈的，

暴躁的；concord n. 和谐，一致

中文翻译：Mulcahy 在小办公室里来回踱着步，正如他不得不承认的

那样，事实是这样的：尽管他收到的全部证据都是校长一

直以来对他的泄愤，但是他发现自己被这封信伤害了——

坦诚地讲，不仅仅是在自尊心方面的伤害，而且伤害在某

个心灵的痛处，伤害在人与人之间的契约意义方面，这种

契约超越了个人的仇恨和派别的不同，即便身处最激烈的

反对，它也保存了最终能达成一致的梦想。

35. It was the usual mistake of a complex intelligence in assessing a

simple intelligence, of an imagination that is capable of seeing and

feeling on many levels at once, as opposed to an administrative mentality

that feels operationally, through acts.

主干分析：it was the mistake

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难句特点：复杂修饰。of a complex intelligence 与 of an imagination 都

是介词短语，修饰 mistake，that is capable of...through acts

是定语从句，修饰 imagination。

重点词汇：intelligence n. 智力，智慧，理解力，情报；opposed a. 敌

对的，相反的；administrative a. 行政的，管理的；mentality

n. 心态，思想方法，智力

中文翻译：这是复杂智能对简单智能评估时会犯的普通错误，也是能

立即在多层面上进行感知的想象力中存在的错误，这种想

象性思维与只能通过行为机械化地进行感知的执行性思

维不同。

36. The anomalies of the situation afforded him a gleam of

pleasure——to a person of superior intellect, the idea that he or she has

been weak or a fool in comparison with an inferior adversary if fraught

with moral comedy and sardonic philosophic applications.

主干分析：the anomalies afforded him pleasure

难句特点：复杂修饰。that he or she...adversity 是定语从句，修饰 idea；

if fraught with...applications 是条件状语从句。

重点词汇：anomaly n. 异常，反常，不规则；gleam n. 微光，闪光 v.

闪烁；inferior a. 下等的，下级的；adversary n. 对手，敌

手；fraught a. 担心的，忧虑的，充满的；sardonic a. 讽刺

的，嘲笑的

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中文翻译：情况的异常令他有一丝的欣慰——对于一个高级知识分

子，和低劣的对手作比较显得软弱而愚蠢，如果充斥道德

的戏剧和对哲学运用的讥讽的话。

37. She paused sometimes, cleaning the room she had always called

Grandma’s Room, and thought with astonishment of the memory of

Oliver’s great revolver lying on the dresser when he, already a

thoroughgoing Westerner, had come to the house to court her.

主干分析：she paused and thought of the memory

难句特点：复杂修饰，插入语。cleaning the room 是分词作状语，表

伴随；she had always called Grandma’s Room 是定语，修

饰 the room；of Oliver’s great revolver 是介词短语作定语，

修饰 memory；lying on the dresser 是分词作定语，修饰

revolver；when 引导时间状语；already a thoroughgoing

Westerner 是插入语。

重点词汇：astonishment n. 惊讶，惊奇；revolver n. 左轮手枪；

thoroughgoing a. 彻底的，完全的，十足的；court n. 法院，

球场 v. 献殷勤，求爱，招致

中文翻译：有时她打扫这间她总是称之为祖母的房间的时候，她会停

下来，惊讶地想起曾经 Oliver 的左轮手枪放在衣柜里，那

时他已完全变成一个西部人，来家里向她大献殷勤。

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38. I can show that Fido is alert to the kitty, but not how, for my picture

making modes of thought too easily supply falsifyingly literal

representations of the cat and the garden and their modes of being hidden

from or revealed to me.

主干分析：I can show that Fido is alert to kitty

难句特点：复杂修饰。that Fido is alert...是宾语从句’for my

picture...revealed to me 是原因状语从句；of the cat...是介词

短语做定语，修饰 representations。

重点词汇：representation n. 表现，表示，代理；

reveal v. 显示，露出，泄漏

中文翻译：我能说明 Fido 对猫很警觉，但我不知道是如何地警觉，

因为我的描绘想法的模式太容易给出错误的文字表述，不

管是对猫，对花园，还是对我看得见或看不见的其他模式

来说。

39. The concept of two warring souls within the body of the Black

American was as meaningful for Du Bois at the end of his years as editor

of Crisis, the official journal of the National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), as when he had first used the

image at the start of the century.

主干分析：the concept was meaningful for Du Bois

难句特点：复杂修饰；比较结构。of two...Black American 是介词短

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语作定语，修饰 concept；at the end of his years as editor

是介词短语作时间状语；when he had first used the image

是时间状语从句。

重点词汇：warring a. 敌对的，交战的，冲突的 n. 战斗，战争；

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

（NAACP）全国有色人种促进会

中文翻译：Du Bois 是 NACCP 官方报刊《危机》的编辑，在他做编

辑的最后一年，美国黑人心中深藏着两颗交战的灵魂的概

念对 Du Bois 产生的意义和他在世纪之初首次使用这个

概念的时候所产生的意义是相同的。

40. The tension between race pride and identification with the nation as a

whole was nowhere more dramatic than in the most controversial

editorial ever printed in Crisis, “Close Ranks,” which in July 1918 called

on Black American to “forget our special grievances and close our ranks”

with the White people “fighting for democracy” during the First World

War.

主干分析：the tension was dramatic

难句特点：比较结构；复杂修饰。between race pride and identification

是介词短语作定语，修饰 tension；ever printed in Crisis 是

后置定语，修饰 editorial，Close Ranks 只插入语，which in

July 1918...First World War 是非限制性定语从句，修饰插

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入语之前的句子部分；fighting for democracy 是分词作后

置定语，修饰 Black American。

重点词汇：identification n. 鉴定，鉴明，身份认同；controversial a. 有

争议的，引起争议的；editorial n. 社论 a. 编辑的，主笔

的；grievance n. 委屈，苦衷，不满，抱怨； democracy n.

民主，民主制，民主国家；the First World War 第一次世

界大战

中文翻译：黑人种族自豪感与整体国家认同感之间存在着紧张关系，

其剧烈程度在何时何处都不能与《危机》报刊最富争议的

社论“结束等级”相比，此社论在 1918 年 7 月号召美国黑

人“忘掉我们自己特殊的怨恨，结束我们的等级”，在第一

次世界大战中和白人一起“为民主而战”。

41. The focal point of the magazine’s efforts in this respect came with the

rise of Marcus Garvey, the gifted Jamaican leader whose

“back-to-Africa” movement, as it was popularly called, was founded on

the premise, according to Du Bois, that “a black skin was in itself a sort

of patent to nobility.”

主干分析：the point of efforts came

难句特点：复杂修饰；插入语。in this respect 是介词短语作定语，修

饰 efforts；whose 引导定语从句，修饰 Jamaican leader；

as it was popularly called 是插入语，according to Du Bois

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也是插入语；that “a black...nobility“是同位语从句，对

premise 进行具体解释。

重点词汇：Jamaican n. 牙买加人 a. 牙买加的；premise n. 前提，上

述各项 v. 引出，预先提出，作为...的前提；patent n. 专

利，执照 a.专利的，新奇的 v. 取得专利权，授予专利；

nobility n. 贵族阶层，高贵，高尚

中文翻译：杂志在这方面的关注焦点是伴随着 Marcus Garvey 的出现

而来的，Garvey 是一位牙买加的天才领导人，他发起了

名字很受欢迎的运动，“返回非洲”，根据 Du Bois 的观点，

这个运动成立的前提是“黑皮肤本身就是一种高贵的保

证”。

42. But Garvey’s fixed belief in the idea of Black racial purity, his

obsession with Africa as the solution to the problems of its scattered

people, and his refusal to allow any liberal idea to deflect his purpose

differed greatly from Du Bois’s ideals.

主干分析：Garvey’s belief，obsession and refusal differed from Du Bois’s

ideals

难句特点：复杂修饰；并列结构。in the idea 是介词短语作定语，修

饰 belief；with Africa 是介词短语作定语，修饰 obsession；

to the problems 是介词短语作定语，修饰 solution；to allow

any...purpose 是动词不定式作定语，修饰 refusal。

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重点词汇：racial a. 种族的，种族间的 obsession n. 困扰，痴迷，缠

住；scattered a. 分散的，稀稀拉拉的；deflect v. 使偏斜，

使弯曲，转向

中文翻译：Garvey 固守黑人纯种族的理念，认为非洲是解决其分散

人口的唯一途径，并且拒绝任何偏离他的目的的自由思

想，这些都与 Du Bois 的理想非常不同。

43. The moderns, carrying little baggage of the cultural kind, not even

living in traditional air, but breathing into their space helmets a scientific

mixture of synthetic gases (and polluted at that) are the true pioneers.

主干分析：the moderns are the pioneers

难句特点：复杂修饰。carrying little baggage 是分词作状语，表伴随；

living in traditional air 和 breathing into their space helmets

gases 都是分词作定语，修饰 moderns；not even..., but 是

固定搭配，“不仅...还”。

重点词汇：space helmet 太空帽，宇宙飞行帽；synthetic a. 合成的，

人造的，非天然的 n. 合成物；pioneer n. 先驱，先锋，

开发者，拓荒者 v. 开拓，开发，创始

中文翻译：现代人，行囊里很少有文化的东西，甚至没有生活在传统

的氛围里，但却把合成气体这种科学混合物吹入他们的太

空帽（并因此而受到污染），他们才是真正的先锋。

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44. Watching a wintry sky die out beyond black elms, she could not make

her mind restore the sight of the western mountains at sunset from her

cabin door, or the cabin itself, or Oliver, or their friends.

主干分析：she could not make her mind restore the sight

难句特点：复杂修饰；并列结构。watching a wintry sky 是分词作状语，

表伴随；restore the sight 是宾语补足语；of the western

mountains 是介词短语作定语，修饰 sight。

重点词汇：wintry a. 寒冷的，冬天的，冷淡的；elm n. 榆树；restore

v. 修复，恢复，还原

中文翻译：看着冬日的天空在黑色榆树的远处慢慢消逝，她还不能让

大脑恢复记忆中日落时分从小木屋看出去西部山峦的景

象，或者小木屋本身，或者 Oliver，或者他们朋友们。

45. The Grateful Dead, for whom I once wrote songs, learned by accident

that if we let fans tape concerts and freely reproduce those

tapes—"stealing" our intellectual "property" just like those heinous

Napsterians — the tapes would become a marketing virus that would

spawn enough Deadheads to fill any stadium in America.

主干分析：the Grateful Dead learned

难句特点：复杂修饰。for whom I once wrote songs 是定语从句，修饰

the Grateful Dead，that if we...是 learned 之后的宾语从句，

if 引导让入状语从句；stealing our intellectual... 是插入语，

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对前面行为做进一步解释；that would spawn

enough...America 是定语从句，修饰 marketing virus。

重点词汇：intellectual a. 智力的，理智的，善于思维的 n. 知识分子；

property n. 财产，性质，所有权；heinous a. 极邪恶的，

极可耻的；spawn v. 产卵，造成，大量生产 n. 菌丝，卵，

产物；stadium n. 运动场，体育场

中文翻译：我曾经给 Grateful Dead 乐队写过歌，他们偶然获知，如

果我们让粉丝把演唱会录音下来，并且自由地复制那些录

音带——就像可恶的 Napster 用户们那样，“偷窃”了我们

的知识“产权”——那么这种录音带就会变成市场销售的

病毒，大量繁殖产生足够多的粉丝来充满美国任何一个举

行音乐会的体育场。

46. That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain

as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static, a supremely

efficient adaptive system geared for evolution and change, ceaselessly

adapting to the needs of the organism—its need, above all, to construct a

coherent self and world, whatever defects or disorders of brain function

befall it.

主干分析：adaptations can occur demands a view, a system

难句特点：复杂修饰。a view of...和 a supremely efficient adaptive

system...是并列成分，作 demand 的宾语；of the brain

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as...static 是介词短语作定语，修饰 view，geared for

evolution and change 是后置定语修饰 system，ceaselessly

adapting to 是分词作状语，表伴随；above all 是插入语；

whateve 引导让步状语从句。

重点词汇：radical a. 根本的，彻底的，激进的；dynamic a. 有活力的，

强有力的，动力的；static a. 静态的，静力的 n. 静电；

gear n. 用具，设备，齿轮；v. 换档，使适合；ceaselessly

ad. 不停地，持续地；coherent a. 条理清楚的，连贯的，

前后一致的；defect n. 缺点，缺陷 v. 叛变 disorder n. 混

乱，骚乱 v. 扰乱；befall v. 降临，发生

中文翻译：这种根本性的适应要能发生，需要把大脑看作是动态有活

力的而不是静态程序化的，要求大脑是一个超级有效的适

应系统，这个系统适合发展和变化，不停息地在适应器官

的需要，这种需要首先是创造一种连贯一致的自身和周围

的世界，不论任何大脑功能的缺陷或混乱会发生在这个器

官上。

47. So much so, indeed, that I am sometimes moved to wonder whether it

may be necessary to redefine the very concepts of "health" and "disease,"

to see these in terms of the ability of the organism to create a new

organization and order, one that fits its special, altered disposition and

needs, rather than in the terms of a rigidly defined "norm."

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主干分析：I am move to wonder

难句特点：复杂修饰。indeed 作插入语；whether 引导宾语从句；to

redefine...和 to see these...是并列成分；

重点词汇：redefine v. 重新定义；in terms of 就...而言；disposition n.

气质，天性，性格，安排；rigidly ad. 严格地，坚硬地，

严厉地

中文翻译：确实，我有时候以至于感动得想是否有必要重新定义“健

康”和“疾病”的真实含义，从创造新组织和新规则（它们

适合于特殊的，变化了的特征和需要）这些方面看待器官

的能力，而不是从严格定义的“规范”方面去看待它。

48. However many directors and high officials of all sorts came and went,

he was always seen in the same place, at the very same duty, so that they

used to declare that he must have been born a perpetual titular councillor

in uniform all complete and with a bald patch on his head.

主干分析：he was seen in the same place

难句特点：复杂修饰。however 引导让步状语从句，of all sort 是介词

短语作定语，修饰 directors 和 officials；that he must have

been...head 是 declare 后的宾语从句；in uniform 和 with a

bald patch 都是介词短语作定语，修饰 councillor。

重点词汇：declare v. 宣布，宣告，声明，断言；perpetual a. 永久的，

不断的，终身的；titular a. 有称号的，有头衔的，有名无

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实的，标题的；councillor a. 政务会委员，议员；bald a. 秃

顶的，单调的，光秃的；patch n. 眼罩，斑点，碎片 v. 修

补，掩饰，解决

中文翻译：不管多少任部长和长官，来来往往，总看见他坐在同一个

地方，干着一模一样的活，因此，后来大家都说，他准是

穿了整套制服，秃了头顶，生到世上来做终身名誉顾问的。

49. One director, being a good-natured man and anxious to reward him

for his long service, sent him something a little more important than his

ordinary copying; he was instructed from a finished document to make

some sort of report for another office; the work consisted only of altering

the headings and in places changing the first person into the third.

主干分析：director sent him something

难句特点：复杂修饰。being a good－natured man and anxious to...是分

词做状语，表伴随；a little more important 是定语修饰

something；consisted only of...作定语修饰 work，in places

是介词短语，作地点状语；third 指代 third person。

重点词汇：anxious a. 渴望的，担扰的，焦虑的；reward n. 报酬，酬

谢 v. 奖赏，奖励；document n. 文件，文档，v. 用文件

证明；consisted of 由...构成

中文翻译：有一个部长是个好人，想酬谢一下他长年来的服务，于是

交给他些比普通抄写更重要的事情；就是要他根据已完成

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的文件拟出一份报告送往另一个办公处；这份工作只需换

一换上款，把几处第一人称改为第三人称就行了。

50. Accordingly, astronomers long assumed that supermassive holes, let

alone their smaller cousins, would have little effect beyond their

immediate neighborhoods.

【主干分析】astronomers assumed that that supermassive holes would

have little effect beyond their immediate neighborhoods.

【难句特点】单词或词组熟词僻意

let alone adv.更不用说

little adj. 没有

have little effect beyond= only have on，最多只能影响到

long 还可以做副词，表示长期以来

【重点词汇】immediate adj.紧急的；最近的，周围的

【中文翻译】因此，天文学家一直以来都假定黑洞，更不用提比它质

量小的相近物质，最多影响到周围的星体。

51. She had felt queer about that thing of taking her last assignment,

though it was hard to reach just the proper state, for the last story related

to pork-packing is not a setting favorable to sentimental regrets.

【难句特点】复杂句型；抽象名次

for 表示原因，但必须有逗号

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例如：I couldn’t resist the temptation of food, for it smell so good!

我无法抵御食物的诱惑，因为它闻起来太香了！

proper state 没有明确说是指什么

【重点词汇】immediate adj.紧急的；最近的，周围的

【中文翻译】因此，天文学家一直以来都假定黑洞，更不用提比它质

量小的相近物质，最多影响到周围的星体。

52. But the time for gentle melancholy came later on when she was

sorting her things at her desk just before leaving, and was wondering

what girl would have that old desk—if they cared to risk another girl, and

whether the other poor girl would slave through the years she should have

been frivolous, only to have some man step in at the end and induce her

to surrender the things she had gained through sacrifice and toil.

【主干分析】the time came on when she was sorting… and was

wondering what… and (wandering) whether…

【难句特点】从句套从句;平行结构可省略主语或助动词；插入语

(1). when she was sorting … and … was wondering 做主句的时间状语

从句。

what… and whether …做 wondering 的宾语从句。

(2). —if they cared to risk another girl是what宾语从句的插入语，不做

成分，可以省略。

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(3). 在 whether the other girl 这个宾语从句中，主干是： the other girl

would slave through the years only to have… and (to) induce…。这句使

用了 would do sth 的句式，表示对未来的虚拟；only to 这个词组之前

讲过，后面往往接不好的结果，例如 He flew to the airport only to

find the flight had gone.

(4). 在 the other poor girl would slave through the years she should have

been frivolous, she should have been frivolous 是插入语，修饰前面的

through the years.

【重点词汇】melancholy n./adj.悲伤（的），忧郁（的）

care to/for 愿意做某事

frivolous adj. 轻浮的，轻率的

surrender v.投降，认输

toil n. 长时间辛苦劳作；艰难困苦

v. 辛苦劳作，长时间地苦干；

（+方向副词）跋涉，吃力地行走，

如：They toiled slowly up the hill. 他们吃力地爬上了山

【中文翻译】但是隐隐的哀伤后来才涌上心头，当时她正收拾办公桌

准备离开，一边收拾一边想，如果他们愿意冒着风险再请个女孩来接

替她的工作，会是怎样的一个女孩用她这张破旧的办公桌，会不会那

个可怜的女孩也像她一样拼命苦干多年（现在回想起来她应该应付了

事），最后的结局却是一个男人引诱她放弃多年来抛头颅洒热血才得

来的成就。

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53. Plato wanted to ban poetry readings and live theater, the argument

goes, because, being free and accessible and raucous and extremely

popular, they were the mass entertainment of that era.

【主干分析】Plato wanted to ban poetry readings and live theater，

because being free and accessible and raucous and extremely popular,

they were the mass entertainment of that era.

【难句特点】插入语；分词结构；平行结构

the argument goes 是插入语，去掉不影响句子的完整性。

being free and …, they were 这句中，being 分词结构表示对 they 的修

饰，而 they 指代离它最近的名词复数：poetry readings and live

theater。

being free and accessible and raucous and extremely popular,平行结构，

有生词的话可以直接划掉，平行结构，意思相近。

【重点词汇】raucous a. 吵闹的，嘈杂的

【中文翻译】柏拉图想要禁止人们朗读诗歌或去剧院看演出，理由是，

因为，诗歌和歌剧内容漫无边际、平易近人、吵闹不休还极度受欢迎，

这些特征使它们称为那个时代的大众娱乐。

54. Imagine, for example, how astounded even a great

seventeenth-century scientist like Isaac Newton would be by our current

global communication system, were he alive today.

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【主干分析】Imagine how astounded a scientist would be by our current

global communication system, were he alive today.

【难句特点】虚拟语气；省略到装

这句话使用了现在时态的虚拟语气：If sb. were…, sb. would do…。

当虚拟语气句子中 if 被省略时，句子需要倒装，即提前 were.

【倒装还原】if he were alive today, imagine how astounded a scientist …

【重点词汇】astounded a. 非常惊讶，吃惊的

【中文翻译】比如，想象一下，即便是像牛顿这样的 17 世纪科学家

如果现在还在世的话，看到当今的全球通讯系统他会有多么震惊。

55. To his private testimony regarding The Girl with the Pearl Earring, I

would only add that a great deal of whatever impact it has on the

viewer seems to me to derive from very specific, very visible painterly

techniques.

【主干分析】To his private testimony, I would only add that a great deal

of whatever impact it has on the viewer seems to me to derive from very

specific, very visible painterly techniques.

【难句特点】词组结构拆分；句型＋从句

To his private testimony, I would only add that…是 add to 的拆分，原

句应为：I would only add that… to his private testimony, 但是会显得

头重脚轻，因此 to 的部分提前，以平衡句子。

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a great deal of whatever impact it has on the viewer 是从句的主语，

seems to me 是个句型，表示：在我看来。

whatever impact it has on the viewer 是个定语从句，impact 在后面的

从句中做宾语，因此省略了连接词 that。

【重点词汇】derive from 由…衍生出，出自

visible adj.可见的

technique n.技巧

【中文翻译】他对于《The Girl with the Pearl Earring》这幅画作给予

了个人事例的印证，除此之外，我只想再加一点，我认为这幅画对

观赏者的影响很大程度上来自于明显的画法技巧。

56. Today the entire painted surface of this work is spider-webbed with a

fine network of cracks—what art critics call cracquelure—which makes

the ability of this imaginary girl to reach out and disturb us from her

paint-created, 330-year-old flatness all the more astonishing.

【主干分析】the entire painted surface is spider-webbed with cracks

【难句特点】复杂修饰

which makes the ability of this imaginary girl to reach out and disturb us

from her paint-created, 330-year-old flatness all the more astonishing.这

句话中的词组是make sth. all the more astonishing，但是这个sth.非常

长，由ability of sb. to do sth.构成。

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which makes the ability of this imaginary girl to reach out and disturb us

from her paint-created, 330-year-old flatness all the more astonishing.是

定语从句，先行词是主干中的宾语，cracks。

【去除修饰】Today the entire surface of this work is spider-webbed with

cracks，which makes the ability of this girl to reach out and disturb us

from her flatness all the more astonishing.

【重点词汇】craquelure n.(油画表层上的) 龟裂缝

spiderweb v.像蜘蛛网一样的图形

【中文翻译】今天，整幅油画表面布满了蜘蛛网般精细的龟裂缝——

评论家称之为 craquelure，这些裂纹更加使这位虚构的女孩，从有着

330 年历史的油画中呼之欲出，扰乱我们的平静。

57. To make the magnificent cat’s story more poignant still, many

scientists have concluded that the species is severely inbred, the result of

a disastrous population crash thousands of years ago from which the poor

animals have hardly had a chance to recover.

【主干分析】many scientists have concluded that the species is severely

inbred

【难句特点】独立主格；复杂修饰

the result of a disastrous population crash thousands of years ago from

which the poor animals have hardly had a chance to recover.是前面

concluded内容的补充说明。

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from which the poor animals have hardly had a chance to recover.是一个

定语从句，from which中的from来自recover from这个词组。

hardly前面提到过，表示否定，很少。是隐藏在句中的否定。

【重点词汇】magnificent adj. 雄伟壮观的；优秀的

poignant adj.令人伤心的，令人充满同情的

inbred adj. 天生的；近亲繁殖的

crash n. （飞机）失事；碰撞声；死机，瘫痪；狂跌

【中文翻译】为了使猫科动物的精彩故事更加令人伤心，许多科学家

总结道，猎豹大都是近亲繁殖，这是由于几千年前的一次种族数量大

灾难导致的，自那之后可怜的猎豹就没有机会恢复数量。

58. Studies of cheetah chromosomes show a surprising lack of genetic

diversity from one individual to the next, and as a result the cheetah is

widely portrayed as sitting under an evolutionary guillotine, the

population so monochromatic that, in theory, a powerful epidemic could

destroy many if not all of the approximately fifteen thousand cheetahs

that currently exist in the wilderness.

【主干分析】Studies of cheetah chromosomes show a lack of genetic

diversity and as a result the cheetah is widely portrayed as sitting under

an evolutionary guillotine。

【难句特点】独立主格；从句复杂

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the population so monochromatic that, in theory, a powerful epidemic

could destroy many if not all of the approximately fifteen thousand

cheetahs that currently exist in the wilderness.是独立主格，补充说明

cheetah is widely portrayed as sitting under an evolutionary guillotine。

独立主格不是一个完整的句子，没有自己的主谓宾，在句中的功能就

相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。

独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般

放在句首；

例如：The meeting being over, all of us went home.

表示原因时还可放在句末；

例如：He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and

frosty.

表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。如本

句中的情况。

独立主格中，由 so…that…的句型，that 后面是一个完整的句子。主

语是 a powerful epidemic，谓语是 could destroy，宾语是 many of the

approximately fifteen thousand cheetahs ，if not all 是插入语。

that currently exist in the wilderness.是定语从句，修饰 cheetahs。

【重点词汇】chromosome n.染色体

guillotine n.断头台

monochromatic adj.单色的，单调的

epidemic n.传染病，流行病

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【中文翻译】对猎豹染色体的研究显示，个体间染色体几乎没有任何

差异，因此猎豹总被描绘成生存在进化断头台下的动物，因为猎豹染

色体太过单一相似，理论上一个严重的传染病就可以摧毁即便不是全

部，也是大部分目前野生的一万五千只猎豹。

59. Scientists are seeking to calculate the odds that any number of

endangered or threatened species are likely to survive into the twenty-first

century, and among the many questions they ask is how much genetic

diversity a creature requires if it is to rebound from the brink of

extinction.

【主干分析】Scientists are seeking to calculate the odds and among the

many questions they ask is how much genetic diversity a creature

requires if it is to rebound from the brink of extinction.

【难句特点】倒装；主语从句

副词提前，句子需要倒装

【倒装还原】how much genetic diversity a creature requires is among the

many questions they ask,但是这样会显得头重脚轻，因此副词提前，

句子倒装。

how much genetic diversity a creature requires 这句话在句子中做主

语，因此是主语从句。

【重点词汇】odds n.几率，概率

endangered adj.濒临灭绝的

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rebound v. 反弹，起死回生

brink n.边缘

extinction n.灭绝

【中文翻译】科学家正试图计算出濒临灭绝的动物能够存活到 21 世

纪的概率，他们提出了很多问题，其中之一就是如果想把动物从灭绝

边缘拉回来，需要多少种基因多样性。

60. Since humanity is always more or less storm-driven, history serves as

a crucial navigational instrument for the nations which, tossed as they are

by wind and current, would be lost in confusion if they could not identify

their position.

【主干分析】history serves as

【难句特点】多种从句；插入语

Since 引导的原因状语从句，which 引导的定语从句，if 引导

的条件状语从句；tossed as they are by wind and current 修饰 the

nations。

【重点词汇】toss n. 投掷；摇荡；投掷的距离；掷币赌胜负

vt. 投掷；使…不安；突然抬起；使…上下摇动；与…掷币打赌

vi. 辗转；被乱扔；颠簸；掷钱币决定某事

【中文翻译】由于人性多少趋向于大风暴似的动荡，历史就像是为被

狂风大浪席卷的国家指明方向的重要工具，如果不能找到自己的位

置，这些国家会陷入混乱而最终彻底迷失方向。

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61. “...when the mariner has tossed for many days in thick weather, and

on an unknown sea, he naturally avails himself of the first pause in the

storm, the earliest glances of the sun, to take his latitude and ascertain

how far the elements have driven him from his true course.”

【主干分析】he avails himself of

【难句特点】不定式引导的较长状语

To do 引导的包含宾语从句 how far the elements have driven

him from his true course 的目的状语。

【重点词汇】avail vi. 有用，有利

vt. 有利，有用

n. 效用，利益

【中文翻译】当船员们在恶劣的天气下在未知的海域里飘泊多日，他

们会很自然地利用风暴初次平息和太阳初次露面的时刻来判断自身

所处的纬度，以及因为风暴而偏离正确航道的距离。

62. A singular disadvantage of the sea lies in the fact that after

successfully surmounting one wave you discover that there is another

behind it just as important and just as nervously anxious to do something

effective in the way of swamping boats.

【主干分析】A disadvantage of the sea lies in the fact

【难句特点】同位语从句+宾语从句

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The fact that 引导的是同位语从句，而 discover that 引导的是

宾语从句。

【重点词汇】surmount vt. 克服，越过；战胜

swamp n. 沼泽；湿地

vt. 使陷于沼泽；使沉没；使陷入困境

vi. 下沉；陷入沼泽；陷入困境；不知所措

【中文翻译】大海的一大弊端就是在成功战胜一个大浪之后，你会发

现紧接着又会有另一个让人同样提心吊胆的巨浪，如果不采取有效措

施，就会面临沉船的危险。

63. The mind of the master of a vessel is rooted deep in the timbers of her,

though he command for a day or a decade; and this captain had on him

the stern faces, and later a stump of a topmast with a white ball on it, that

slashed to and fro at the waves, went low and lower, and down.

【主干分析】The mind...is rooted; and this captain had…and a stump

went low

【难句特点】介词短语前置；定语从句

介词短语前置还原为正常语序为 this captain had the stern faces

on him；that 引导的定语从句修饰 stump。

【重点词汇】slash vt. 猛砍；鞭打；严厉批评；大幅度裁减或削减

vi. 猛砍；严厉批评

n. 削减；斜线；猛砍；砍痕；沼泽低地

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【中文翻译】在木制的船身内部植根着船的灵魂，无论谁指挥过这艘

船一天或是十年；这位船长有着一张严肃的脸，不一会儿，他就看到

桅杆断了的一截，上面还系着一个白色的球，在翻卷的海浪中乱舞，

一点一点地沉入海底。

64. The problem, not so consequential now as I reflect stoically on my

preempted calculations, concerned the spatial distribution that would

eventually be achieved by a group of particles of different masses

interacting with each other by gravity.

【主干分析】The problem concerned the spatial distribution

【难句特点】较长插入语；定语从句+动名词作状语

Not so consequential now as I reflect stoically on my preempted

calculations 否定插入语修饰 the problem；that 引导的定语从句修

饰 the spatial distribution, interacting with each other by gravity 作表

方式状语从句。

【重点词汇】stoically adv. 坚忍地；恬淡寡欲地

preempt vt. 先占；先取；以先买权获得

particle n. 颗粒；[物] 质点；极小量；小品词

【中文翻译】通过一番对于先前的计算过程的苦苦思索，现在看来不

太重要的这个问题涉及的是空间分布，最终由大量颗粒群中的一部分

受到重力因素的影响相互作用而完成。

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65. “The Seafarer” translated in 1911 by Ezra Pound, shows Pound’s

method of translating which, when he is so inclined, produces not so

much a translation as a new poem in the spirit of the original.

【主干分析】“The Seafarer” shows Pound’s method

【难句特点】定语从句+插入语

when he is so inclined 作为插入语补充修饰 which 引导的定语

从句所修饰的中心词 method of translating。

【重点词汇】inclined adj. 趋向于…的

v. 使…倾向（incline 的过去分词）

【中文翻译】埃兹拉∙庞德 1911 年的《航海家》译本展示了庞德一贯

使用的翻译方法，与其说他是在翻译诗歌不如说他更像是在根据原诗

的内在精神进行新的创作。

66. Nevertheless, Pound’s translation conveys the important meaning of

the Anglo-Saxon poem and does something that a literal translation fails

to do – renders it into poetic English, finding new equivalents for old

emotions.

【主干分析】Pound’s translation conveys…and does something…

【难句特点】同位语

– renders it into poetic English, finding new equivalents for old

emotions 相当于 something 的同位语。

【重点词汇】render vt. 致使；提出；实施；着色；以…回报

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vi. 给予补偿

n. 打底；交纳；粉刷

equivalent adj. 等价的，相等的；同意义的

n. 等价物，相等物

【中文翻译】尽管如此，庞德的翻译传递了安格鲁萨克逊语诗歌

的重要内涵，并且将其转化为具有诗意的英语，为古人的情感找

到了新的对等的表达方式，这是字对字翻译方法所不能实现的。

67. An odd bit of behavior, really, because the alga, so far as we

know, doesn’t taste nasty, or sting, or do anything unpleasant to the

predator, and you might reasonably expect the copepod to habituate to

the flashes after a few tries.

【主干分析】An odd bit of behavior…you might expect…

【难句特点】省略主语后面的部分；并列成分较多；连续介词 to

An odd bit of behavior 缺少主语后面的部分；多个长短分句

通过 and/or 连接，割裂句子；最后一个分句中的两个 to 分属于

expect to 和 habituate to 两个固定短语。

【中文翻译】这种行为的确有点反常，因为就我们所知，海藻的味道

不赖，也没有刺，或者对猎食者作出任何攻击，你也许会自然地认为

桡足类动物能因此尝试着逐渐习惯那些闪烁的光。

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68. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so

that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at

best is jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has a difficulty in

laying his hands upon it.

【主干分析】A fool takes in all the lumber

【难句特点】状语从句+定语从句；主语省略

So that 引导的结果状语从句，包含 which 引导的定语从句；

or at best is 省略主语 the knowledge which might be useful to him。

【重点词汇】jumble up 使杂乱，把…混在一起

【中文翻译】笨人会收集他见到的每一个素材，结果那些可能对他有

帮助的知识就被挤了出去，顶多是和没用的那些混在一起，最终也很

难把前者挑拣出来加以使用。

69. In some of the larger luminescent species, in which the patterns of

light differ between sexes, it is a fair bet that luminescence serves as an

identification signal, a means of bringing the sexes together in places that

have so little light that shapes and normal, reflected colors won’t do.

【主干分析】it is a fair bet

【难句特点】定语从句；同位语；so…that…结构

Which 和 that 引导的多个定语从句；that luminescence serves

as an identification signal…是同位语从句，而 a means of bringing

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the sexes together in places…也是同位语，补充修饰 signal；so

(little light) that…为固定短语。

【重点词汇】luminescent adj. 发冷光的，冷光的

【中文翻译】对于一些体型较大的发光物种来说，它们具有不同的两

性发光模式，由此基本可以推测出它们发出的冷光如同一种用来辨别

异性的信号，使得它们能够在光线昏暗的地方找到异性，而无须依靠

形状或通常情况下反射出的颜色来进行判断。

70. "No. I won't ride with servicemen," said my casually seditious father,

as he slowed down and peered at a young soldier and then resumed his

full cruising speed, while I, patriotically offended, watched the

stunned defender of my freedoms kicking at his duffle bag and getting

smaller and smaller as planet Pontiac continued its fuming orbit.

【主干分析】两个并列句，去掉修饰成分

【难句特点】1. 我Patriotically offended 的原因：父亲说 I won’t ride

with servicemen. 因此才会有后文： (I) watched the stunned defender

of my freedoms… 指的就是该士兵

2. 文艺性表达方式。As planet Pontiac continued its

fuming orbit. 形容车子很烂发动机冒烟，此比喻

因为对文章毫无影响，可直接无视。

【重点词汇】seditious 煽动性的；扰乱治安的

Patriotically 爱国地

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Offended 被冒犯地

【中文翻译】“我才不要和服役人员同坐一车。”我老爸放慢车速，瞥

了一眼路边那位年轻的士兵，漫不经心地说道。随即他恢复了之前的

车速。我的爱国之心被冒犯了。我看着那个呆呆的士兵，我们自由的

捍卫者，踢着他的行李袋，随着车子冒着烟前行，在我的视野中渐渐

变小。

71. Such adaptive myopia is necessary in science because the grinding,

repetitive minuteness of daily laboratory work is so time-consuming (for

weeks, months, even years at a time) that, often, even to remember the

original impetus for the work is a psychological trick of the highest order.

【主干分析】讲述因果关系: myopia必要的原因：实验室作业非常

time-consuming，所以需要调动积极性的技巧

【难句特点】给出的原因在逻辑和表述上让人费解。

a psychological trick of the highest order: 心理学上的最

高技巧。调动最初工作动力在如此枯燥乏味的工作中

已实属难得，因此myopia，即不需远虑只考虑近忧的

工作方法是必要的。

【重点词汇】myopia 目光短浅，缺乏远见（可以根据上文进行推测）

minuteness 微小；细微

impetus 动力

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【中文翻译】适应性的无远见工作方法在科学中十分必要。那是因为

枯燥重复的日常实验室作业非常耗时间，所以保持最初工作的动力是

一项非常高超的心理安慰手段。

72. Why should I go out of my way to meet it? Let it splash on me from

time to time, like a car going

through a puddle, and I, on the sidewalk of my solitude, will salute it

grimly like any other modern inconvenience.

【主干分析】去掉比喻及插入成分：Let it splash on me from time to

time, and I will salute it grimly like any other modern inconvenience.

【难句特点】比喻的必要性。

这里把当下比喻成a car going through a puddle，因此会

splash on me (who is On the sidewalk of my solitude)，湿一身的我当

然会感到很愤怒，冷冷地看着这个modern inconvenience,也就是“当

下”这个不讨人喜欢的东西。

【重点词汇】splash 溅

Solitude 孤独；独处

Salute 行礼致敬

【中文翻译】我为什么要放弃自己的节奏去遇见它？让它像驶过泥淖

的汽车一样溅我一身，让我在独自行走的时候对着这辆汽车冷漠地行

注目礼，像对待任何一个现代麻烦一样。

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73. The argument of both the hedonist and the guru is that if we were but

to open ourselves to the richness of the moment, to concentrate on the

feast before us, we would be filled with bliss.

【主干分析】主干结构清晰，表语从句。

【难句特点】hedonist和guru过于生僻，且出现在文章开头，容易把

考生唬住。根据句子结构会推测出两个单词大概的意思，即“open

ourselves to the richness of the moment, to concentrate on the feast

before us.”

【重点词汇】hedonist 享乐主义者

Feast 盛宴，节日

Bliss 极乐，天赐的福

【中文翻译】享乐主义者和古鲁的观点时，如果我们能敞开怀抱享受

当下的丰盛，我们就会被福佑填满。

74. Even when the young Great Artist was not fortunate enough to come

equipped with a flock of sheep, his talent always seems to have

manifested itself very early and independent of any external

encouragement.

【主干分析】主干结构清晰。

【难句特点】和上文有着直接的联系，必须结合一起看，清楚逻辑关

系。A flock of sheep是上文故事中的成功关键，因此作者后面说，没

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有a flock of sheep这个道具的帮助，young Great Artist也照样会像金

子一样发光，不需要外部的激励。

【重点词汇】manifest 显示；出现

【中文翻译】及时没有一群绵羊的装备，少年艺术家仍会在早期就显

露才华，完全不需要外部的激励。

75. Deceptions typically involve trying to conceal feelings that are

inappropriate or trying to cover up the fear, guilt, and distress that maybe

provoked when one attempts to get away with a lie.

【主干分析】Deceptions typically involve trying to conceal feelings

【难句特点】多重从句，that, that, when

【重点词汇】provoked 激起

【中文翻译】欺骗通常涉及隐瞒感情，就是不恰当的，或试图掩盖的

恐惧，内疚和痛苦，这些是也许会引起当一个人试图逃避谎言。

76. The great accomplishment of Homo sapiens is not technology, which

has become bigger and scarier than we are, a mixed blessing

【主干分析】The great accomplishment of Homo sapiens is not

technology

【难句特点】which 从句，than 从句

【重点词汇】Homo sapiens 现代人

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【中文翻译】智人伟大的成就不是技术，这已成为更大和可怕的比起

我们，是喜忧参半的

77. As DePailo says, "To be a good liar, you don't need to know what

behaviors really separate liars from truth tellers, but what behaviors

people think separate them."

【主干分析】you don't need to know what behaviors really separate liars

from truth tellers

【难句特点】并列复合句

【重点词汇】liar 说谎者

【中文翻译】就像 DePailo 说，“要成为一个优秀的骗子，你不需要

知道什么行为真正区分的骗子和不说谎的人，而是哪些行为人认为它

们可以区分。”

78. Toward the end of the afternoon, we followed what seem to be a large

movement of chimpanzees into one great open room in the forest,

relatively clear except for columns of not trees.

【主干分析】we followed

【难句特点】what 从句

【重点词汇】chimpanzee 黑猩猩

【中文翻译】即将结束的当天下午，我们遵循什么似乎是一个大运动

的黑猩猩在森林中的一个很大的开放空间，比较清晰，但不是树列。

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79. I turned to watch a mother playing with her infant, tickling his toes

with playful little nibbles and then looking into his laughing face and eyes

with the most amazing gaze of adoration.

【主干分析】I turned to watch a mother

【难句特点】分词结构

【重点词汇】adoration 崇拜

【中文翻译】我转过身来，看着母亲和她的婴儿玩，抓痒他的脚趾用

俏皮的轻咬然后，用崇拜最令人惊讶的目光看着他大笑的脸和眼睛。

80. As far back as childhood, whenever anger had disheveled him, or

confusion, or the tick, tick, tick of emptiness like he felt today, he had

sought the log road that went to the top of the mountain.

【主干分析】he had sought the log road

【难句特点】whenever 从句

【重点词汇】emptiness 空虚

【中文翻译】早在童年时代，每当他愤怒，或混乱，或空虚，就像今

天，他曾试图去山顶

81. For these reasons, as well as for the sake of future human generations

and Earth’s plants and animals, citizens and scientists bear an ethical

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responsibility to vigorously redress these problems through Pleistocene

rewilding of North America.

【主干分析】citizens and scientists bear an ethical responsibility

【难句特点】修饰成分 for…. Throngh….

【重点词汇】vigorously 精力旺盛的

【中文翻译】基于这些原因，以及为了人类未来的世代和地球上的植

物和动物，市民和科学家承担道德责任去积极解决这些问题通过更新

世野化的北美。

82. Instead, it centers on restoring ecological function to North America,

where the evolutionary potential of many large animals was stopped

13,000 years ago and where ecosystems have struggled in the absence of

their former members.

【主干分析】it centers on restoring ecological function to North America

【难句特点】where 从句

【重点词汇】evolutionary 进化的

【中文翻译】相反，它集中在北美，在那里的许多大型动物的进化潜

力停止了在 1.3 万年前，在缺乏前成员的情况下，生态系统一直在努

力恢复生态功能。

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83. In doing so, we hope to transform conservation biology, which is

currently too easily characterized as a doom-and-gloom discipline

because we merely expose and try to slow the rate of biodiversity loss.

【主干分析】we hope to transform conservation biology,

【难句特点】which, because 从句

【重点词汇】conservation 保存

【中文翻译】在这样做时，我们希望改变保护生物学，这是目前很容

易刻画作为一个厄运和黑暗的纪律，因为我们只是揭露和尝试，以减

缓生物多样性丧失速度。

84. Although it is argued that Pleistocene rewilding of North America is

justified for ecological, evolutionary, economic, aesthetic, and ethical

reasons, there are clearly numerous ecological concerns.

【主干分析】there are clearly numerous ecological concerns.

【难句特点】although 从句

【重点词汇】evolutionary 进化的

【中文翻译】虽然有人认为，更新世北美野化是合理的基于生态，进

化，经济，美学和道德上的原因，显然还是有众多生态问题。

【中文翻译】但是，它不能恢复灭绝的物种的进化潜力，它可能会造

成不可弥补的破坏当前的生态系统。

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85. In one study of 500 patients undergoing denial procedures, those who

were given a placebo injection and reassured that it would relieve their

pain had the least discomfort— not only less than the patients who got a

placebo and were told nothing but also less than the patients who got a

real anesthetic without any reassuring comment that it would work.

【主干分析】those who…had least discomfort not only less than… ,but

also less than…

【难句特点】句子中从句较多

【重点词汇】placebo injection 安慰剂注射

reassured 使消除疑虑的；使安心的 v.使安心

【中文翻译】在一次包含 500 个病人的牙手术中，那些被注射安慰剂

并被告诉可以减缓疼痛的病人受到了最少的痛感，他们不仅痛感小于

收到安慰剂没有被安慰的病人，甚至痛感小于那些真的注射麻醉剂而

没有被安慰的人。

86.Today Grover has transported us to Alaska, where a local lass is

suiting up to face the Arctic chill, with the help of her mother, who sews

fur pelts together to fashion a coat to repel the subzero temperatures

【主干分析】today Grover has transported us to Alaska

【难句特点】从句较多

【重点词汇】lass 女孩 fur 毛皮 pelt 皮毛 repel 击退；抵制

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【中文翻译】今天 Grover 把我们送到 Alaska 那里当地的女孩都穿

起衣服去面对北极的寒冷。母亲缝了皮毛衣服帮我来抵抗严寒

87．But most eloquent of all were the stories passed down to her—

highly decorated items that Harriet embellished even further in her

resolute myth of the enchanted alcazar, the fairy chateau that never was.

【主干分析】But most eloquent of all were the stories passed down to

her- highly decorated items, the fairy chateau.

【难句特点】插入句和介词引导的修饰成分较多

【重点词汇】eloquent adj.意味深长的；雄辩的；有口才的；有说服

力的；动人的

enchanted adj.被施魔法的；v.使着魔； alcazar n.城堡 chateau n.城

堡，别墅

embellish 美化

【中文翻译】但是继承给她最动人的所有故事都是一些被 H 美化好

多，她想象的那个被施魔法的城堡故事和那些从来都不存在的童话故

事般的城堡。

88. She possessed, to a singular and uncomfortable degree, the

narrowness of vision that enabled all the Cleves to forget what they didn't

want to remember and to exaggerate or otherwise alter what they couldn't

forget; and in restringing the skeleton of the extinct monstrosity that had

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been her family's fortune, she was unaware that some of the bones had

been tampered with; that others belonged to different animals entirely;

that a great many of the more massive and spectacular bones were not

bones at all but plaster-of-Paris forgeries.

【主干分析】She possessed the narrowness of vision and she was

unaware that ..;that ..;that …

【难句特点】定语从句和宾语从句以及介词短语连用，分析主干的时

候找出主谓宾即可其他内容可省去；这里有引用 metaphor 用骨头指

他家族中的一些小故事以及历史，用庞然大物指代对家族史的回忆。

【重点词汇】singular adj.单数的，非凡的，异常的；narrowness n.狭

小；小气 restringing v.更换导线；重新穿绳 monstrosity n.畸形；可

怕的东西；残暴；怪物 tampered 篡改；干扰； forgery n.伪造；

伪造物

【中文翻译】她想象了一个完全扭曲夸张的故事，这些狭小的视角使

得所有 CLEVES 家族的人都忘记了他们不想想起的故事，同时夸张

或着转变了一些他们没有忘记的事情。在重新拼凑起一个怪物的框架

时，她没有意识到一些骨头都是伪造的，她没有意识到一些骨头是

其他动物的；她没有意识到更多壮观的骨头都不是骨头不过是巴黎石

膏做的赝品。

89. Least of all did she realize that constantly in the course of her labors

she trod back and forth on certain humble, dusty fragments that, had she

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bothered to examine them, afforded the true— and rather

disappointing—key to the entire structure.

【主干分析】least of all she realized that…

She trod on certain humble ,dusty fragments that…

she had bothered to examine them and afforded the (rather

disappointing)true ,key to the entire structure,

【难句特点】强调句助动词提前部分倒装;定语从句套用较多

【重点词汇】back and forth 反复来回的 trod v.践踏(tread 原形) labor

n.工作

【中文翻译】至少她终于意识到在她一直以来的回忆家史工作中践踏

了一些卑微的，落满灰尘的细枝末节。那些片断都需要她去了解，花

一些时间真实还原，尽管可能令人失望但事实对整个家族历史中最重

要的一部分。

90. The Nature of Paleolithic Art. his exhaustive work published in

2005,is nothing less than a labor of love growing out of half a lifetime of

experience with wildlife in the far north and decades of examining most

of the thousands of images that make up the entire collection of

Paleolithic art.

【主干分析】the Nature of Paleolithic is a labor of …love and decades of

examining images that …

Half a lifetime of experience with wildlife in …

Makes up the entire collection of Paleolithic art

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【难句特点】nothing less than…

【重点词汇】paleolithic 旧石器时代的; neolithic 新石器时代的

exhaustive adj.全部的，详尽的

【中文翻译】他全部的作品，旧石器时代的自然艺术，出版在 2005

年，仅仅是一种为爱而生的工作，这种爱源于半生与北部野生动物

相处的生活和几十年研究成千图像---全部旧石器时代艺术的收藏。

91. His forensic analyses of fossil handprints in the caves, coupled with

his knowledge of animal behavior and hunting, leads him to hypothesize

that many of the ancient cave artists were not the Michelangelo of their

time, as most art historians have assumed.

【主干分析】his forensic analyses of fossil handprints leads him to

hypothesize that.. as most art historians have assumed.

【难句特点】插入语宾语从句

【重点词汇】 forensic adj.法院的，辩论的，适于法庭的；

Michelangelo 亚里士多德，文艺复兴时期著名的雕刻家

【中文翻译】他辩证的分析关于洞穴中化石手印加上他对动物行为和

打猎的相关知识，使得他和大多数历史学家一样假设很多早期洞穴艺

术家不是 Michelangelo 时期的。

92. She walks into the waking spring, the river of moving bodies,

giggling even as she hushes herself up.

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【主干分析】she walks into spring,river,

【难句特点】词汇比较难都有比喻的作用，出现了大量的生词

【重点词汇】giggling 咯咯地笑 hush vt.安静；肃静缄默；hush .. up 使

自己安静下来

【中文翻译】她走入了初醒的春天，流动的河水中，她自己故作镇定

可还是咯咯的笑出声来（本句主要来描述小女孩雀跃的心情）

93. Just past Delia in the press of bodies, a high schooler—though from

the look of her, high school is a vanished dream—spins around, flashing,

to catch the eye of anyone who’ll look

【主干分析】a high schooler spins around to catch the eye of anyone who

will look, flashing.

【难句特点】插入语，以及过多的修饰

【重点词汇】press v.压着 press of bodies 压在心底 spin around 旋转

【中文翻译】正好通过了 Delia 压在心底的感触，一个高中生，尽管

在她看来高中已经消失的梦，旋转着，闪烁在任何一个期望上学的

人眼前。

94. Schoolbook cherry trees swim up to fill her eyes, their blossoms mad .

【主干分析】schoolbook cherry trees, their blossoms mad, swim up to

fill her eyes.

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【难句特点】词汇比较难，插入成分比较奇怪此时 mad 还出现在词

汇题中

【重点词汇】blossom 开花 mad adj.疯狂的；发疯的；愚蠢的；着迷

的 n.狂怒

【中文翻译】学校课本上的樱桃树涌入她的眼中，它们开的郁郁葱葱。

95. We start off with a hunch, a feeling, even a desire that the world be

one way, and then we proceed from that presentiment, often sticking with

it long after the data suggest we may be leading ourselves and others

down a blind alley.

【主干分析】We start, and then we proceed.

【难句特点】复杂修饰长伴随状语

本句的主干只有我们开始……，随后……这一部分但desire后

面的同位语从句较长；often sticking with it long after the data suggest

we may be leading ourselves and others down a blind alley是分词做状

语，表伴随。

【重点词汇】hunch n. 预感

presentiment n. 预感

【中文翻译】开始的时候我们只是有一种预感，一种感觉，甚至是

一种愿望，希望世界是那种特定的状态，之后我们就会从这种预感延

伸，抓住它不放，即便事实已经证明我们错了也不愿放弃它。

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96. To many of them the solar system offers little scientific challenge----

nine balls of nonluminous matter whirling around a (pathetically) normal

star, in addition to some gritty stuff, such as asteroids, moons, and

comets.

【主干分析】The solar system offers little challenge.

【难句特点】复杂修饰指代

破折号之后的内容表解释说明，意在解释little challenge的原

因；nine balls即九大行星，用简单词balls也体现出了little challenge。

【重点词汇】nonluminous a. 无光的不发光的

pathetically adv. 可悲地

gritty a. 坚强的沙砾的

【中文翻译】对他们中的很多人来说太阳系没有什么科学挑战性

——九个不发光的物质组成的球绕着一个平凡的可怜的恒星，另外还

有一些沙砾状的东西，比如小行星，卫星和彗星。

97. In Gene’s mind the solar system was not at all the eternal, unvarying

mechanism envisioned by seventeenth century scientists like Issac

Newton, but a carnival---- a dynamic, evolving cloud of debris, filigreed

with bands and shells of shrapnel, full of bits and pieces of material liable

to be pumped into ellipses and loops and long, chaotic wobbling orbits

which carried drifting projects all over the place---- minor planets that

every once in a while would take a hook into a major planet, causing a

major explosion.

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【主干分析】The solar system was not the eternal, unvarying mechanism,

but a carnival.


这句话算是比较长了，但理解起来不算难句。前面否定后面

肯定，否定部分加上了分词结构envisioned by seventeenth century

scientists like Issac Newton。肯定部分主干后面有名词性结构a

dynamic, evolving cloud of debris做同位语，后面再加分词结构filigreed

with bands and shells of shrapnel, full of bits and pieces of material liable

to be pumped into eclipse an loops and long, chaotic wobbling orbits

which carried drifting projects all over the place。最后一个破折号后的

内容解释drifting projects的来源。

【重点词汇】filigree v. 用金银细丝装饰

shrapnel n. 弹片碎片

【中文翻译】在杰恩看来，太阳系并不是像十七世纪科学家伊萨克牛

顿等人所想象的那样，是永恒不变的系统，而是一个食肉的——一个

动态的不断变化的云状物，充满着碎片和丝丝缕缕的残骸，这些物质

很容易就被甩成椭圆形的环状，形成了一个漫长而混乱的轨道，在空

间中携带着各色漂浮的物质——即一些小行星，它们每过一段时间会

装上医科大行星，造成一次大爆炸。

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98. Rather, my concern is more profound: is the sheer fact that we are

replacing so much of our spoken languages gradually eroding a public

sense that the quality of writing matters?

【主干分析】My concern is more profound.

【难句特点】解释说明同位语从句

冒号后面用来解释my concern的内容。冒号后面fact 后面和

public sense后面分别跟同位语从句。

【中文翻译】相反，我关心的事情更加深刻一些：我们替换了这么多

的口语这样一个事实会不会逐渐破坏公众原本对写作水平的重要性

的认可呢？

99. Complaints are made about children’s poor literacy, and then, when a

technology arrives that provides fresh and motivating opportunities to

read and write, such as e-mail, chat, blogging, and textng, complaints are

made about that.

【主干分析】Complaints are made，and then, complaints are made.

【难句特点】长状语从句

when之后这一部分是比较长的从句，中间还加入插入语such

as举例说明。

【重点词汇】literacy n. 读写能力

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【中文翻译】公众抱怨儿童的读写水平太差；而当科技提供了最新

鲜的信息提供了一个让孩子有兴趣读写的机会，比如电子邮件，聊天，

博客或短信息时，公众又在抱怨这件事。

100. A sign of the growing Latino presence in the United States is the

astonishingly creative amalgam spoken by many people of Hispanic

descent in major cities and in rural areas as well: neither Spanish nor

English, but a hybrid known as Spanglish.

【主干分析】A sign is the amalgam：Spanglish.

【难句特点】长状语从句复杂修饰

围绕amalgam的前置定语和后置分词结构较多以致于冒号之

后对主干amalgam的修饰作用没有那么清楚，实际上冒号之后是具体

说明了amalgam的名称：Spanglish。

【重点词汇】amalgam n. 混合物

【中文翻译】拉丁美洲人在美国日益增多，而其显现的标志就是一种

有着惊人的创造性的混杂语言，这是一种主要城市和乡村的西班牙后

裔都在使用的语言：既不是西班牙语也不是英语，而是一种被叫做西

班英语的混合产物。

101. The formerly supercharged Houston space complex aged through the

1980s, developing the outward ambience of a quiet, rural college campus,

where the outrageous swamp climate and the surreal routines of human

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space flight were gentled with a landscaping of duck ponds and shade

trees.

【主干分析】Houston space complex aged.

【难句特点】复杂修饰分词结构表伴随

where……引导的时间状语从句表明对比，反义词提取出出来即可。

【重点词汇】ambience n. 周围环境

outrageous adj. 暴怒的

【中文翻译】二十世纪八十年代期间，曾经装备先进的休斯顿空间站

也逐渐衰落，外部环境变得像一个安静的乡村大学校园，那里的极端

的沼泽气候和人类太空探索的离奇日常事务也逐渐淡去，取而代之的

是鸭子戏水的池塘和林荫风景。

102. The mystery and miracle of a book is found precisely in the fact that

it is solitary voice penetrating time and space until it goes beyond time

and space to alight for a moment in that place within us that is also

beyond time and space.

【主干分析】The mystery and miracle of a book is found in the fact.

【难句特点】长同位语从句嵌套定语从句表达抽象文艺

fact之后全部是其引导的同位语从句，最后的us后面又有定语从句

【重点词汇】solitary a. 独自的独居的

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【中文翻译】书的神秘和奇迹所在完全是这样一回事：书中的孤独的

声音穿透了时空，直到它已经跨越了时空，在彼处降临于一个也同样

跨越了时空的我们。

103. This is the paradox: nothing is more solitary an act than reading a

book, and yet nothing else invites us into the depths of the solitary where

we are no longer alone.

【主干分析】This is the paradox: nothing is more solitary an act than

reading a book, and yet nothing else invites us into the depths of the

solitary.

【难句特点】表达文艺对比理解

冒号之前简单句，之后只要读懂paradox所在，即找对对比即

可。 Solitary和no longer alone的对比。

【重点词汇】paradox n. 悖论似非而是

【中文翻译】这正是悖论所在：没有什么事像读书一样孤独，也没有

什么能像读书一样把我们带到孤独深处，以至于我们竟不再感到孤

单。

104. But as vehicles for the development of ideas they are woefully

deficient and will necessarily remain so until they become less bound by

the demands of urgency.

【主干分析】They are deficient and will remain so.

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【难句特点】状语从句

主干的感情色彩理解之后这句在全文的帮助作用就达到了，

until后面的从句表达了解决办法，即怎样才能不再remain deficient。

【重点词汇】woefully adv. 悲哀地

【中文翻译】但是作为传播思维发展的媒介，它们还是显得悲哀地不

足，并且很有可能会一直这样，除非有一天它们不再被匆忙的赶制

出来。

105. If the commission sues the firm, it would be rare case of the federal

government's taking up the cause of a highly compensated professional in

a workplace dispute.

【主干分析】If..., it would be rare case...

【难句特点】修饰语长

【重点词汇】sue 起诉，compensated 赔偿，dispute 争议

【中文翻译】如果委员会起诉该公司，那么这将是联邦政府着手处理

高价赔偿劳工的罕见案例。

106. I have some difficulty in describing why I traveled to West Africa

and what I was doing there, since the journey that became so complicated

and took me so many unexpected places seemed--in the beginning---to be

so simple and so clearly defined.

【主干分析】I had difficulty，since...

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【难句特点】插入语，修饰语

【重点词汇】complicated 复杂的

【中文翻译】我很难描述我去西非的原因以及我在那里做的事情，因

为这段如此复杂、带给我如此多未料地方的旅途看起来如此简单明

了。

107. It has always been obvious that the blues sprang from a complex

background, with much of it developing from the music of the long

period of African slavery in the United States and with some of its

harmonic forms and instrumental styles derived out of a broad European

context.

【主干分析】It has always been obvious that....

【难句特点】it 形式主语，修饰语长

【重点词汇】spring 来自 derive 起源

【中文翻译】一直以来显而易见的是布鲁斯起源于复杂的背景，其大

部分来自于美国长期的奴隶制期间的音乐，一部分音乐形式和器乐风

格来自欧洲。

108. These things, it seemed to me, might have come from a distantly

remembered African background, even if there had been such a lengthy

period between the break in contact with Africa and the emergence of the

blues in the 1890's.

【主干分析】These things might have come from...,even if...

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【难句特点】插入语，从句，修饰语

【重点词汇】lengthy 长的，emergence 出现

【中文翻译】在我看来，这些可能来自于遥远记忆中的非洲，即使非

洲与 18 世纪 90 年代布鲁斯产生之间隔了很久一段时间。

109. The announcement that his vaccine worked was a landmark in

twentieth-century history, and one of the few events that burned itself into

the consciousness of the world because the news was good.

【主干分析】The announcement was a landmark and one of the events.

【难句特点】修饰语长

【重点词汇】announcement 宣布，landmark 里程碑，consciousness

意识

【中文翻译】他的疫苗管用，这一宣布是二十世纪的里程碑，也是一

件因为本身是好事而进入人们意识之中的少有事件之一。

110. This dinosaurian flooding of popular consciousness guarantees that

no paleontologist can ever face a journalist and avoid what seems to be

the most pressing question of the nineties: why are children so fascinated

with dinosaurs？

【主干分析】The flooding guarantees that...

【难句特点】修饰语；从句；否定

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【重点词汇】flooding 涌入，guarantee 保证，paleontologist 古生物学

家，pressing 紧迫的

【中文翻译】大众流行的这股恐龙热确保了古生物学家们再不会对记

者躲避在九十年代看上去最为紧迫的问题：为什么孩子对恐龙这么着

迷？

111. The slow, lumbering, stupid, robotic, virtually behaviorless

behemoths of my childhood have been replaced by lithe, agile, potentially

warm-blooded, adequately smart, and behaviorally complex creatures.

【主干分析】The behemoths have been replaced by creatures.

【难句特点】修饰语

【重点词汇】lumbering 缓慢移动的，robotic 机械的，behemoth 巨

兽，lithe 柔软的，agile 灵活的

【中文翻译】我童年时代那些缓慢、笨重、愚蠢、机械、基本上不怎

么动的巨兽已经被柔软、灵活、可能热血的、十分聪明的然后行动复

杂的动物所取代。

112. Since they were not written down, they were never wholly fixed, but

would shift slightly with each telling to fit the circumstances or needs of a

particular audience, gradually incorporating new practical knowledge

while letting the obsolete fall away.

【主干分析】Since...,they were never fixed, but would shift.

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【难句特点】从句，复杂修饰，状语

【重点词汇】fixed 固定、确定的，shift 改变，incorporate 包含、吸收，

obsolete 过时的

【中文翻译】由于它们并没有别写下来，所以它们从来都没有完全固

定，而是会根据情况或者是特定观众的需要稍微改变，这样就逐渐地

融入进来了新的知识同时丢掉过时的知识。

113. This is a totally unprecedented result in the literature on animal

cognition, but it does not in itself argue that Kanzi understands language

in the same way humans do, as governed by grammatical rules.

【主干分析】This is a result，but it does not argue that...

【难句特点】修饰语，从句

【重点词汇】unprecedented 史无前例的 cognition 认知 govern 管

理、支配

【中文翻译】这在动物认识史上是完全没有先例的，但是仅这本身不

能说明 Kanzi 能够和人类一样理解语法规则支配下的语言。

114. It may seem that I have gone to great lengths to avoid the conclusion

that Kanzi has a meaningful appreciation of the grammar of English,

given that he can apparently understand many English sentences.

【主干分析】It may seem that...,given...

【难句特点】从句；复杂修饰；状语

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【重点词汇】length 距离、程度，apparently 明显地

【中文翻译】或许看起来我非常努力地想避免掉一个结论，那就是

Kanzi 对英语语法是具备有意义的理解的，考虑到它显然能够理解很

多的英语句子。

115. And it is to be noted that it is the fact that art is this intense form of

individualism that makes the public try to exercise over it an authority

that is as immoral as it is ridiculous, and as corrupting as it is

contemptible.

【主干分析】And it is to be noted that

【难句特点】宾语从句

【重点词汇】individualism n. 个人主义；利己主义；个人特征

contemptible adj. 可鄙的；卑劣的；可轻视的

【中文翻译】而且值得注意的是，艺术是如此强烈的自我表达，如果

公众想要对它施加权威的话，这不仅是道德的，可笑的，而且也是堕

落的，令人鄙视的。

116. If a scientist were told that the results of experiments, and the

conclusions arrived at, should be of such a character that they would not

upset the received popular notions on the subject, or disturb popular

prejudice, or hurt the sensibilities of people who knew nothing about

science; if a philosopher were allowed to speculate in the highest spheres

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of thought, provided that the conclusions reached were the same as those

held by people who had never thought in any sphere at all — well,

nowadays the scientists and the philosopher would be considerably

amused.

【主干分析】nowadays the scientists and the philosopher would be

considerably amused.

【难句特点】超长句，两个 if 从句并列

【重点词汇】prejudice n. 偏见；侵害

speculate vi. 推测；投机；思索

【中文翻译】如果科学家被告知，实验结果及其推出的结论，必须不

能违反普罗大众对此的观念，也不能扰乱普遍的偏见，或者伤到科学

盲们的情感；如果一位哲学家能够在最高思维领域畅游，而他得出的

理论跟从来没做过任何深入思考的人一样，那么，今天的科学家和哲

学家们肯定会被逗笑。

117. Yet it is really a very few years since both philosophy and science

were subjected to a brutal popular control, to authority in fact—the

authority of either the general ignorance of the community, or the terror

and greed for power of an ecclesiastical or governmental class.

【主干分析】Yet it is really a very few years

【难句特点】破折号表解释说明

【重点词汇】subject to 使服从；使遭受；受…管制

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ecclesiastical adj. 教会的；牧师的；神职的

【中文翻译】但是，科学和哲学屈从于残暴的民意已经很久了，其实，

是屈从于权威很久了，无论是大众的普遍无知，抑或是教会或者政府

阶层的恐惧和权利欲。

118. Not until a machine can write a sonnet or compose a concerto

because of thoughts and emotions felt, and not by the chance fall of

symbols, could we agree that machine equals brain—that is, can not only

write it but know that it had written it.

【主干分析】Not until…could we agree that machine equals brain

【难句特点】Not until 跟部分倒装，破折号表解释说明

【重点词汇】compose vt. 构成；写作；使平静；排…的版

【中文翻译】除非到了机器能够出于感情和思考而不是偶尔的信号去

写诗作曲的那天，我们是不同意机器跟大脑一样的，也就是说，机器

能做到，而且能记得自己做到了的那天。

119. To make the attribution of consciousness is, however, an act based

on the knowledge of a profound kinship that exists between all humans,

our commonness, our equal biological needs and wants, and the

fundamental similarity of our instruments of thought, our brains.

【主干分析】To make the attribution of consciousness is, an act based on

the knowledge

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【难句特点】不定式做主语

【重点词汇】attribution n. 归因；属性；归属

consciousness n. 意识；知觉；觉悟；感觉

【中文翻译】然而，意识的归属是建立在一种深刻的对所有人类的亲

缘关系的了解上的，了解我们的共同点，我们相似的生理需求和欲望，

我们的大脑作为思维工具的基础相似性。

120. But Miss Dobson, unaccustomed to any gaieties, sat fascinated by

the young man’s sleight of hand, marveling that a top hat could hold so

many goldfish, and a handkerchief turn so swiftly into a silver coin.

【主干分析】Miss Dobson sat

【难句特点】unaccustomed to any gaieties, 过去分词修饰主语

【重点词汇】fascinated adj. 着迷的；被深深吸引的

marvel n. 奇迹 vt. 对…感到惊异 vi. 感到惊讶

【中文翻译】但是 Dobson 小姐完全不熟悉这种庆祝活动，她坐在那

里着迷的看着年轻人高明的手法，惊奇的发现一顶礼帽能够装得下那

么多金鱼，一条手帕能够在瞬间变成一枚银币。

121. Edward de Vere meets the test imposed by the German chancellor

Bismarck in the nineteenth century when he said that he “could not

understand how it were possible that a man, however gifted with the

intuition of genius, could have written what was attributed to Shakespeare,

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unless he had been in touch with the great affairs of state, behind the

scenes of political life, and also intimate with all the social courtesies, and

the refinement of thought, which in Shakespeare’s time were to met with

only in the highest circles.

【主干分析】Edward de Vere meets the test

【难句特点】超长句，超长 when 从句

【重点词汇】refinement n. 精制；文雅；提纯

intimate adj. 亲密的；私人的；精通的；[

【中文翻译】德国首相 Bismarck 在 19 世界说过，他“很难想象，无

论多么天才的一个人，能够写出莎士比亚的作品，除非他一直在处

理国家大事，在政治生活背后还熟悉所有社交礼仪，而且思想高

雅，在莎士比亚的时代，只有最高级的社交圈能够符合这些要求”，

Edward de Vere 看起来符合这个标准。

122. If we pursue such claims much farther, we will soon reach the point

where we will have proved that nobody at all wrote Shakespeare’s plays

and poems because no such person could possibly have existed even with

the aid of a university education(which Shakespeare did not have).

【主干分析】we will soon reach the point

【难句特点】where 从句

【重点词汇】pursue vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠

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【中文翻译】如果我们继续追问，很快我们就会发现，我们证明了没

人能够写出莎士比亚的戏剧和诗歌，因为就算有大学学历的帮助也不

存在这样的人（莎士比亚从来没上过大学）。

123. Moreover, scholars tell us（and here they have a right to speak）that

although Shakespeare’s understanding of human nature was profound, his

general knowledge in the various fields above mentioned was superficial

and insular.

【主干分析】scholars tell us that


【重点词汇】insular adj. 孤立的；与世隔绝的；海岛的；岛民的

superficial adj. 表面的；肤浅的

profound adj. 深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的

【中文翻译】而且，专家告诉我们（在这里他们有权说话），虽然莎

士比亚对于人性的理解很深刻，他在上述提到的很多领域里的知识

都是肤浅而且孤立的。

124. It was the kind of knowledge a man of keen intellect and good

memory would absorb from a hasty reading of “sources,” and sometimes

he was guilty of errors that contemporary writers such as Bacon, Marlowe,

or de Vere would hardly have made.

【主干分析】It was the kind of knowledge

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【难句特点】宾语从句修饰 knowledge

【重点词汇】hasty adj. 轻率的；匆忙的；草率的；性怠的

【中文翻译】对于一个记忆力超群而且渴望知识的人来讲，这些知识

是能从大量的草率阅读冲获得的，而且有时他犯的错误是同时代的

Bacon, Marlowe, 或者 de Vere 都不会犯的。

125. And as I sat there, in a growing haze of awe, studying his lined face,

I realized that neither the Jimmy I had met—— mischievous, alert, and

impishly funny—— nor even the Jimmy I might come to know could

ever mean as much to me as James Baldwin, my own personal oracle,

that gimlet-eyed figure who had stared at me out of a fuzzy dust- jacket

photograph when I was fourteen.

【主干分析】I realized that

【难句特点】插入语；复杂修饰；固定短语被分割

in a growing haze of awe 和 mischievous, alert, and

impishly funny 为插入语；that neither the Jimmy I had met——

mischievous, alert, and impishly funny—— nor even the Jimmy I might

come to know could ever mean as much to me as James Baldwin, my

own personal oracle, that gimlet-eyed figure who had stared at me out of

a fuzzy dust- jacket photograph when I was fourteen 为宾语从句，主干

为 neither the Jimmy nor the Jimmy could ever mean,之后又有 as…as 比

较状语，my own personal oracle 和 that gimlet-eyed figure who had

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stared at me out of a fuzzy dust- jacket photograph when I was fourteen

并列补充说明 James Baldwin。

【重点词汇】awe n.敬畏；惊惧；惊叹

vt.使敬畏；使惊惧 mischievous

alert adj.警觉的，警惕的，注意的；思维敏捷的；活泼的

n.警报；警戒状态

vt.向……报警

impish adj.顽童似的，似顽童的，顽皮的

oracle n.神示所；神谕；圣贤；哲人

【中文翻译】我坐在那，端详着他满是皱纹的脸，敬畏的氛围越来越

浓，我意识到我所了解到的爱恶作剧，思维敏捷，古灵精怪的 Jimmy

和可能进一步了解到的 Jimmy 都不会像 James Baldwin 一样对我有意

义。我的偶像 James Baldwin，那个在我十四岁时在一本书封面上模

糊的照片中凝视着我的目光犀利的人。

126. A brochure from the San Diego Trial Lawyers Association promotes

a video that it claims will “streamline each element of a trial based on the

fact that most jurors are used to getting a complete story within a

two-minute maximum segment on the evening news.”

【主干分析】A brochure promotes a video

【难句特点】复杂修饰；it 的指代

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that it claims will “streamline each element of a trial

based on the fact that most jurors are used to getting a complete story

within a two-minute maximum segment on the evening news.”是同位语

从句解释 video; 其中 it 指 the San Diego Trial Lawyers Association; 当

中又有 that most jurors are used to getting a complete story within a

two-minute maximum segment on the evening news 作同位语解释

fact。

【重点词汇】brochure n.小册子，手册

promote vt.促进，推进；提升，助长；促销

segment n.部分，段落；环节

vt.&vi.分割，划分

【中文翻译】圣地亚哥辩护律师协会的一本小册子在宣传一段视频，

在这段视频中协会声称将会“简化庭审当中的每个细节，因为多数陪

审员习惯于通过晚间新闻里最多两分钟的片段来了解整个事件。”

127. A fully developed and well-conceived “trial story” may result in an

account that is actually “truer” in many respects than the client’s

uncounseled version of events, even though the narrative was adroitly

structured with courtroom victory in mind.

【主干分析】a “trial story” may result in an account

【难句特点】复杂修饰；比较级

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that is actually “truer” in many respects than the client’s

uncounseled version of events, even though the narrative was adroitly

structured with courtroom victory in mind 作定语修饰 account；当中包

含比较级 truer than，后面又有 even though 引导的让步状语。

【重点词汇】conceive vt.& vi.怀孕；构思；想像，设想

counsel n.协商，讨论；建议；策略；法律顾问，辩护人

vt.劝告，建议；提供专业咨询

adroitly adv.熟练地，敏捷地

【中文翻译】一个完全展开的、构思精巧的“庭审故事”可能形成一种

描述，这种描述事实上在很多方面比委托人的个人版本“更真实”，即

使这种描述包含在法庭上胜利这种构想。

128. The popular image is that lawyers, and trial lawyers in particular, are

cunning deceivers and misleaders, flimflam artists who use sly rhetorical

skills to bamboozle witnesses, turning night into day.

【主干分析】the image is that

【难句特点】插入语；复杂修饰；并列

and trial lawyers in particular 是插入语分割主语与系动词；flimflam

artists who use sly rhetorical skills to bamboozle witnesses, turning night

into day 与 deceivers and misleaders 并列。

【重点词汇】cunning adj.狡猾的，奸诈的；精巧的

flimflam n.胡言乱语；欺骗；胡说；胡扯

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adj.胡说的，荒唐的

vt.欺诈，骗，骗取

sly adj.狡猾的，狡诈的；暗中的，偷偷摸摸的

rhetorical adj.修辞的，修辞学的；辞藻华丽的，虚夸的

【中文翻译】律师，尤其是辩护律师被广为人知的形象是：狡猾的骗

子、误导者，胡说八道的高手，使用狡猾的言辞技巧，哄骗证人，颠

倒黑白。

129. The lawyer’s storytelling seeks to employ language in the way that

best communicates the client’s case, making sure that the client actually

gets to say what he or she really means.

【主干分析】the lawyer’s storytelling seeks to employ language


in the way that best communicates the client’s case, making sure that the

client actually gets to say what he or she really means 做状语形容

employ 的方式，其中包含 that 引导的定语从句修饰 the way；making

sure that the client actually gets to say what he or she really means 作伴

随状语，当中包含宾语从句 that the client actually gets to say what he

or she really means。

【重点词汇】seeks to do sth. 设法，试图做某事

【中文翻译】律师的事件讲述力求利用语言最好的传达出委托人的案

件，确保客户可以表达他或她真正的意思。

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130. It was, by modern standards, a huge apparatus powered by

valves—which is why it took some time to warm up—and a “magic eye”

tuning indicator—a greenish glass circle that winked at you as the signal

waxed or waned.

【主干分析】It was a huge apparatus and a “magic eye” tuning indicator

【难句特点】复杂修饰；插入语

by modern standards 为插入语；which is why it took some time to warm

up 作插入语，which 指 It was, by modern standards, a huge apparatus

powered by valves; a huge apparatus 与 a “magic eye” tuning indicator 并

列作表语；indicator 之后的破折号引导的部分用来解释说明 a “magic

eye” tuning indicator, 其中包含定语从句 that winked at you as the

signal waxed or waned 修饰 circle。

【重点词汇】wink vt.使眼色；递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）；（指

光）闪烁；闪亮

n.眨眼；一眨眼间；闪烁

vi.眨眼；使眼色；闪烁

【中文翻译】以现代标准衡量，这是一个巨大的靠阀门供电的设备，

这就是为什么它花了些时间来加热，也是一个“魔眼”旋转式指示器

——一个绿色的玻璃环，随着信号增大减弱而眨着眼睛。

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131. In due course I discovered that he was referring to the ionosphere—a

layer of charged particles high up at the edge of the Earth’s atmosphere

that acts as a kind of reflector for radio waves of certain frequencies.

【主干分析】I discovered that


he was referring to the ionosphere—a layer of charged particles high up

at the edge of the Earth’s atmosphere that acts as a kind of reflector for

radio waves of certain frequencies 为宾语从句；high up at the edge of

the Earth’s atmosphere that acts as a kind of reflector for radio waves of

certain frequencies作定语修饰particles，当中又含有定语从句 that acts

as a kind of reflector for radio waves of certain frequencies 修饰

atmosphere。

【重点词汇】ionosphere n.电离层

【中文翻译】在适当的时候，我发现他指的是电离层——— 位于大

气层边缘的一层带电粒子，这层粒子作为某种特定频率的无线电波的

反射器。

132. The reason shortwave radio could travel such huge distances was

that it used the ionosphere to bounce signals round the world—which was

why radio hams in Latin America or Australia could sometimes be heard

by a young boy on the western seaboard of Ireland.

【主干分析】The reason was that

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shortwave radio could travel such huge distances 作定语修饰 reason，这

里省略了引导词 why；—which was why radio hams in Latin America

or Australia could sometimes be heard by a young boy on the western

seaboard of Ireland 进一步解释，which 指代 it used the ionosphere to

bounce signals round the world。

【重点词汇】ham n.火腿；（旧时的）小镇，村庄；大腿后部；拙劣

演员（尤指表演过火者）

vi.表情夸张，表演过火

adj.过火的，做作的；蹩脚的；自满的；搞业余无线电收发报的

【中文翻译】短波广播能够穿越如此遥远距离的原因是，它使用了电

离层绕着世界反弹信号，这正是为什么有时拉丁美洲或澳大利亚的无

线电信号可以被一个在爱尔兰的西海岸的小男孩听到。

133. The camera’s presence in the city offends against that urban pact

whereby we abide the congestion which has denied us privacy by politely

ignoring one another.

【主干分析】The camera’s presence offends against that urban pact


whereby we abide the congestion which has denied us privacy by politely

ignoring one another 作定语修饰 urban pact，whereby 相当于 by which,

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当中的 which has denied us privacy by politely ignoring one another 作

定语修饰 congestion。

【重点词汇】pact n.条约，公约；公约

abide vt.容忍，忍受；等候；遵守

vi.持续；经受住，顶住；居住，逗留

congestion n.拥挤，堵车；阻塞；充血；（人口）过剩，稠密

【中文翻译】城市中有相机的存在，这抵触了城市协议，根据协议，

我们通过礼貌地忽略彼此来忍受剥夺了我们隐私的拥挤。

134. And although humility is a virtue, when consciousness of our sins

becomes an inferiority complex that causes large numbers of the present

generation to turn away from politics, it does the founders no honor.

【主干分析】it does no honor


when consciousness of our sins becomes an inferiority complex that

causes large numbers of the present generation to turn away from politics

作条件状语，当中包含 that causes large numbers of the present

generation to turn away from politics 从句修饰 complex; it does the

founders no honor 等同于 it does no honor to the founders。

【重点词汇】inferiority n.劣势；下等；次级；自卑情绪

complex adj.复杂的；合成的

n.复杂；合成体；[数学]复数

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【中文翻译】虽然谦逊是一种美德，当我们对罪恶的意识成为自卑情

结，从而导致当代人远离政治，它没有给创始人带来荣誉。

135. Baker understood that laws, structures, and institutions had to

change in order to correct injustice, but part of the process had to involve

oppressed people, ordinary people, infusing new meanings into the

concept of democracy and finding their own power to determine their

lives and shape the direction of history.

【主干分析】Baker understood that laws, structures, and institutions had

to change, but part of the process had to involve oppressed people

doing…

【难句特点】平行成分多 infusing 和 finding 平行，determine 和 shape

平行

involve sb doing sth 需要某人干…

【中文翻译】Baker 明白为了纠正不公正，法律、社会构成、制度必

须改变，但是部分过程需要压迫者，即普通人，给民主的概念注入

新的意义，以他们的力量决定他们的生活和历史的方向。

136. I admire her for the ways in which she redefined the meaning of

radical and engaged intellectual work, of cross-class and interracial

organizing, and of a democratic and humanistic way of being in the world,

all the while trying to mold the world around her into something better.

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【主干分析】I admire her for the ways

【难句特点】三个介词短语平行 of…

all the while 同时，trying 是伴随状语，逻辑主语是由 in

which 开始的定语从句中的 she

【重点词汇】mold v. 塑造

【中文翻译】我所敬佩她的是她重新定义激烈忙碌的智力工作、跨阶

层跨人种的组织和以民主人文方式立于世界的意义，同时试图将一些

更好的东西塑造进她周围的世界中。

137. The task of tailoring a life to fit a neat and cohesive narrative is a

daunting one: an awkward and sometimes uncomfortable process of

wading barefoot into the still and often murky waters of someone else’s

life, interrogating her choices, speculating about her motives, mapping

her movements, and weighing her every word.

【主干分析】the task is a daunting one

【难句特点】冒号后面是对 task 的困难之处进行说明，用到了

wading, interrogating, speculating, mapping, weighing 众多平行

【重点词汇】tailor v.调整使适应

cohesive adj. 有连贯性的，紧密结合的

daunting adj. 令人畏惧的，令人气馁的

still adj. 静止的，不懂的

murky adj. 浑浊的，昏暗的

interrogate v. 审问，质问

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【中文翻译】整理一个人经历使其构成一个整齐的，连贯的故事是一

项令人畏惧的任务：是一个棘手的令人不安的过程，如同光脚进入她

人的静止的浑浊的生命之水，质问她的选择，猜测她的动机，回顾她

的事迹，权衡她的每句话。

138. There is more at stake in exploring her story than an interesting

intellectual exercise or even the worthy act of writing a corrective history

that adds a previously muted, Black, female voice to the chorus of people

from the past.

【主干分析】There is more at stake

【难句特点】exploring her story 和 an interesting intellectual exercise or

even the worthy act 进行比较，前者更困难

【重点词汇】at stake 处在危险中，危如累卵

【中文翻译】探索她的故事难过一场有意义的脑力劳动，甚至是为过

去人们的合声中加入原本沉寂的、黑人的、女性的声音来谱写一个矫

正的历史的有意义的活动。

139. To understand Baker’s weaknesses as well as her strengths, her

failures as well as her triumphs, her confusion as well as her clarity is to

pay her the greatest honor I can imagine.

【主干分析】To understand is to pay

【难句特点】主语特殊 to do

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主语是 To understand Baker’s weaknesses as well as her strengths, her

failures as well as her triumphs, her confusion as well as her clarity

【重点词汇】triumph n. 成就，胜利

【中文翻译】理解 Baker 的优点、成功、清晰的同时理解她的缺点、

失败、困惑就是我能想到的对她的最好地尊敬。

140. His show of faith in the camera as a recorder of truth and

photography as an objective medium placed Caldwell squarely within a

mainstream intellectual mentality that wholeheartedly embraced

photographs, giving the images credibility as powerful articles of truth

【主干分析】His show placed Caldwell within a mainstream intellectual

mentality

【难句特点】熟词辟义，句意抽象

【重点词汇】place 评定，划分（为某一等级或类别）

article 物品，物件

【中文翻译】他对相机作为事实的记录器，摄影作为客观媒体的信仰

毫无疑问地把他归为主流全心全意信奉照片的群体中，给照片作为有

力事实的可信度

141. When the first electric car debuted in mid-nineteenth-century

England, the speed limit was hastily set at four miles per hour: the speed

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at which a man carrying a red flag could run ahead of a car entering a

town, an event that was still a quite rare occurrence.

【主干分析】the speed limit was set at four miles per hour

【难句特点】两个同位语：the speed 对前面时速进一步解释，an event

对前面描述的现象进一步解释

【重点词汇】debut v.初次登台，初次表演

【中文翻译】当第一辆电动汽车在 19 世纪中叶亮相英国时，其速度

限制匆促地被设置为 4 英里/时，以这个时速一个拿着红旗的人可以

跑过进城的汽车，一个非常罕见的情形。

142. But Eno, who became a global celebrity of sorts, boating off to Paris

and Sao Paulo to solve local problems, was as much a social engineer as a

traffic engineer, teaching vast numbers of people to act and communicate

in new ways, often against their will.

【主干分析】Eno was as much a social engineer as a traffic engineer

【难句特点】修饰成分多 who became a global celebrity of sorts 和

boating off to Paris and Sao Paulo to solve local problems 都是修饰 Eno,

teaching vast numbers of people to act and communicate in new ways 做

伴随状语

【重点词汇】as much…as 即…又…

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【中文翻译】Eno 已经成为了一个世界名流，曾经远洋去巴黎和圣保

罗解决当地问题，他既是一个社会工程师又是一个交通工程师，教授

人们以新的并且常常违背他们意愿的方式去行动和沟通。

143. Despite all the uncertainty, traffic engineering soon hoisted itself

onto a wobbly pedestal of authority, even if, as the transportation

historian Jeffrey Brown argues, engineers’ neutral-sounding scientific

ideology, which compared “curing” congestion to fighting disease,

reflected the desires of a narrow band of urban elites ( i.e., car owners).

【主干分析】traffic engineering hoisted itself onto a wobbly pedestal of

authority

【难句特点】插入成分多 as the transportation historian Jeffrey Brown

argues 和 which compared “curing” congestion to fighting disease 都属于

even if 引导的从句中的插入成分，所以整个从句应该是 even if

engineers’ neutral-sounding scientific ideology reflected the desires of a

narrow band of urban elites

【重点词汇】hoist v. 提升，升起

wobbly adj. 摇摆的，不稳固的

【中文翻译】尽管所有的不确定性，交通工程学迅速地崛起到一个不

稳固的权威地位，即便，正如交通史学家 Jeffery Brown 所认为，工

程师听似中立的将治理拥堵比作对抗疾病的科学观点反应了少数城

市精英的意愿。

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144. For all this standardized sameness, though, there is much that is still

simply not known about how to manage the flows of all those people in

traffic—drivers, walkers, cyclists, and others—in the safest and most

efficient manner.

【主干分析】there is much that is not known

【难句特点】there is much 后面有一个 that 定语从句修饰

【重点词汇】for all 尽管，虽然

【中文翻译】即便这种标准化的千篇一律，仍然有很多关于如何以高

效安全的方式管理交通中的各种人流（司机，行人，骑车的人等）是

未知的。

145. Against a background of babies crying, children playing, doors

slamming, dishes clattering, a television yammering, and an air

conditioner wheezing, I can hear the mother’s voice, by turns breathy,

nasal, gargly, or humlike as it slides up and down the Hmong

language’s eight tones; the father’s voice, louder, slower, more

vehement; and my interpreter’s voice, mediating in Hmong and

English, low and deferential in each.

【主干分析】I can hear the mother’s voice, the father’s voice, and my

interpreter’s voice.

【难句特点】修饰成分过多

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【重点词汇】gargly adj. 瘦长而难看的（这里指声音细长难听）

vehement adj. 激情的；激烈的；爆烈的

【中文翻译】在婴儿的哭泣声，孩童的玩耍声，关门声，盘子碰击声，

电视机中的抱怨声，和空调的嗡嗡声中，我能听见那个母亲的声音，

伴随着赫蒙语言的八个声调时而喘息，夹杂着鼻音，尖细而难听，时

而哼吟；那个父亲更大，更缓慢，更激烈的声音；还有我的翻译的声

音，低沉而恭敬的不停转换于赫蒙语和英语之间。

146. Still there is no sign that the public is becoming impatient, so

convinced are people of the virtue of recycling.

【主干分析】there is no sign that …

【难句特点】倒装

【倒装还原】Still there is no sign that the public is becoming impatient,

they are so convinced of the virtue of recycling.

【重点词汇】virtue n. 美德

【中文翻译】大众仍然没有不耐烦的迹象，他们非常坚信回收利用是

一种美德。

147. The cloned person may experience concerns about his or her

distinctive identity, not only because the person will be in genotype

(genetic makeup) and appearance identical to another human being,

but, in this case, because he or she may also be twin to the person

who is the “father” or “mother” – if one can still call them that.

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【主干分析】the person may experience concerns, not only because …

but because …

【难句特点】主干句型中的重句套用

需要先明确主干句为 not only … but… 而这两个…中分别为一个

小重句：

a） the person will be in genotype and appearance identical to another

human being.

b） He or she may also be twin to the person who is the “father” or

“mother” – if one can still call them that.

将整个句子拆开来做双层解析，先明确主干句型，在分别看重句

意思。这里注意第二个重句中包含了破折号的一个特殊应用：破

折号后解释／扩展破折号前面的话。

【重点词汇】distinctive adj. 有特色的，与众不同的；区别的，鉴别

性的；独特；特异

genetic adj. 遗传的；基因的；起源的；起因的；演变的

【中文翻译】被克隆出来的人会对他自身的身份感到疑惑，不仅是因

为他会和另外一个人有一模一样的基因构造和外表，并且，在这种情

况下，他会成为他“父亲”或者“母亲”－如果我们可以这么称呼他们的

话－的同卵双胞胎。

148. Either they put out their best china and thought twice before they said

anything, or they were defiantly informal – “You’ll have to take us as

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you find us” – and would persist in making remarks like “Pardon the

apron, but there’s no servant here to polish the grate.”

【主干分析】Either they … or they …

【难句特点】either or 句型套用与破折号特殊用法

这里需要先确认主干句为 either…or…，而…里的重句可以之后单

独拿出来做二层解析。而第一个破折号则是解释作用，“you’ll have

to take us as you find us”解释 defiantly informal 是什么意思；而第二

个破折号则是举例作用，举例邻居的 remarks。但是同时需要记住

主体是 either or，表达了邻居的两种不同态度。

【重点词汇】defiantly adv. 挑战的，大胆对抗的

persist v. 顽固坚持；执着

【中文翻译】他们要么把最好的瓷器摆放出来说话也小心翼翼，要么

就大胆而无礼。他们会说：“你得接受我们就是这个样子”，或者会不

停的说一些类似“不好意思围裙比较脏，我们可没有仆人来打扫炉台”

的话。

149. The relationship of mother and daughter seemed to have been

reversed, and Angel, now in her early twenties, was the authoritative

one; since girlhood she had been taking on one responsibility after

another, until she had left her mother with nothing to perplex her but

how to while away the hours when the servants were busy and her

daughter was at work.

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【主干分析】the relationship reversed, and Angel was authoritative; she

had been taking on responsibility until she had left her mother with

nothing.

【难句特点】分号 leave one with nothing but…句型

SAT 中很多句子都象这个一样非常长。但是我们可以发现其实分

号前和分号后可以拆开来看，而分号前后基本是并列关系。这里分号

前后都在描述主人公与女儿之间的关系。因此把前后当做两句话来分

别做解析，再把意思关联起来会更简单。

另外注意分号后的主干部分包含了一个 leave one with nothing

but…句式，是“除了。。之外就什么都没有给某人留下”的意思。这里

的 leave 当作遗留讲，而很多学生因为看不出来这个句式会把 leave

当作离开的意思，因此看不懂这句话。

【重点词汇】perplex v. 使困惑；使担心；迷惑

while v. 消磨，打法（时间）

【中文翻译】母亲和女儿的关系几乎被反转过来，而刚刚 20 岁出头

的安琪儿变成了更权威的那个；自从少女时她就开始承担起各种各样

的责任，直到最后她没有给母亲剩下任何事情让她困扰，除了每天思

考在她女儿上班而仆人们忙碌的时候怎么打法时间。

150. This wisdom, as it comes true-blue from the hearts and minds of real

estate dealers and investment bankers, is that you don’t keep old

buildings; they are obsolete.

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【主干分析】This wisdom is that …

【难句特点】插入语

【插入语还原】As it comes true-blue from the hearts and minds of real

estate dealers and investment bankers, this wisdom is that you don’t keep

old buildings; they are obsolete.

这里的插入语为定语从句修饰主语 wisdom

【重点词汇】true-blue adj. 忠贞不渝的；坚定不移的

obsolete adj. 过时的；废弃的；淘汰的

【中文翻译】房地产商和投资银行家们从内心深处坚信着这个信念：

旧建筑应该被淘汰，他们太过时了。

151. This means that they need use only quantum mechanics or only

general relativity and can, with a furtive glance, shrug off the barking

admonition of the other.

【主干分析】This means they need use only …or… and can shrug off

admonition

【难句特点】双谓语

这里 need use 和 can shrug off 是并列谓语，可以把两部分拆开来分

别解析

【重点词汇】furtive adj. 偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的；秘密的

admonition n. 告诫；警告；责备

【中文翻译】这意味着他们只需要量子力学或只需要广义相对论便可

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以偷偷的拜托来自于另外那个的警告。

152. Newspaper editor and political commentator Henry Louis Mencken

was a force of nature, brushing aside all objects animal and mineral

in his headlong rush to the publicity that surely awaited him.

【主干分析】Henry Louis Mencken was a force

【难句特点】暗喻

这个句子包含了暗喻的一种常见用法：A is B（把 A 比做 B）。这

里把主人公比做成 force of nature 自然的力量。逗号后面则具体解

释为什么这么比喻。

【重点词汇】headlong adv. 莽撞地；轻率地

【中文翻译】报刊编辑，政治评论家亨利路易斯麦肯就像一股大自然

的力量，漠视一切事物而一味莽撞的冲向正在等待他的公众关注。

153. The ability of the “I Have a Dream” speech to highlight King’s early

career at the expense of his later career accounts for the tone of

impatience and betrayal that often appears when modern-day

supporters of King’s agenda talk about the speech.

【主干分析】The ability accounts for the tone

【难句特点】修饰成分复杂

这里 to highlight King’s early career at the expense of his later career

修饰的是 the ability of the speech，而 impatience and betrayal that

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often appears when modern-day supporters of King’s agenda talk

about the speech 修饰的是 tone。

【重点词汇】expense phrase. At the expense of… 以牺牲。。。为代价

agenda n. （政治）议题

【中文翻译】“我有一个梦想”演说以无视金的晚期职业生涯为代价而

着重强调了金的早期职业生涯，而因此当金的现代支持者们谈论到这

个演说的时候会出现不耐烦甚至是背叛的语气。

154. Time and again we replay the powerful image of King standing on a

national stage in the shadow of the Lincoln Memorial mouthing

perhaps the most famous four words ever uttered by a Black

American: “I have a dream.”

【主干分析】we replay the image of King

【难句特点】并列结构

这里描写 King 的修饰成分中 standing 和 mouthing 是并列的，两种

行为都是描述 King 的，而 standing 和 mouthing 后面的成分则都是

具体描写这两个行为的。因此我们可以先提炼出：the image of King

standing…mouthing…，然后再看…的具体内容做二层解析。

【重点词汇】replay v. (反复在脑海中)重放；不断想起

utter v. 发出（声音）；说；讲

【中文翻译】一次又一次我们的脑海中不断出现金的影像，站在林肯

纪念堂的阴影下，吐出可能是美国黑人有史以来说过的最著名的四个

词：“我有一个梦想。”

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155. I remember leafing through a book of Native American poems one

morning while I was waiting for my Shakespeare class to begin and

being struck by a phrase from the preface, “the word, the word above

all, is truly magical, not only by its meaning, but by its artful

manipulation.”

【主干分析】I remember leafing through a book and being struck by a

phrase

【难句特点】时间定语从句，主干的提炼

这句中有三个现代分词：leafing, waiting, being

容易让人以为他们是并列关系，其实 waiting 属于是“while I was

waiting for my Shakespeare class to begin”的时间定语从句。

【重点词汇】leaf v. 翻（书，报）

manipulation n. 操作；使用

【中文翻译】我记得当我等我的莎士比亚初级课开始的时候，翻到了

一本美国印第安人诗歌集，我被前言中的一句话打动了：“语言，高

于一切，才是最神奇的，不仅是因为它的意义，还因为它的运用。”

156. I like the cow joke because it provides an allegory for thinking

simply about the world, and it allows me to jump right into an idea

that doesn’t get written about too much, but that is essential for the

everyday workings of science.

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【主干分析】I like the joke because it provides…and it allows


这里主干很简单，但是 because 后面接了两个并列关系的从句：

1） it provides an allegory for thinking simply about the world

2） it allows me to jump right into an idea that doesn’t get written

about too much, but that is essential for the everyday workings of

science.

而第二句中的 that 后面则都是修饰 idea 的。这句可以先确定主

干成分再做多重解析

【重点词汇】allegory n. 寓言；讽寓

【中文翻译】我喜欢关于奶牛的这个笑话，因为这个寓言使我们能够

简单的看待这个世界，并且它能让我明白一个道理，这个道理我们不

经常写到，但是它是我们在日常科学工作中必不可少的一个道理。

157. In doing so, he explicitly called upon his northern readers to

recognize that the sufferings and inequities to which he had been

subjected by the very condition of enslavement directly contravened

their deepest principles of individualism.

【主干分析】he called upon his readers to…

【难句特点】宾语从句中的多重修饰

这里 reader 后面为宾语从句，而 which 后面修饰的是从句当中的

suffering and inequities 。 Directly contravened 后面修饰的是

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condition of enslavement.这句话的修饰成分套在一起，可以一层一

层来分解。

【重点词汇】inequity n. 不公正；不公平

contravene v.违反，违背，触犯（法律或规则）

【中文翻译】通过这样做，他明确呼吁他的北部读者们认识到他一直

在忍受违背个人主义的奴役所给他带来的痛苦与不公。

158. His blue bag was slung over his shoulder, honest industry beamed in

his eyes, a determination to proceed to Trabb’s with cheerful

briskness was indicated in his gait.

【主干分析】his bag slung over his shoulder, industry beamed in his eyes,

a determination was indicated in his gait.

【难句特点】倒装句

【倒装句还原】He slung his blue bag over his shoulder, his eyes beamed

with honest industry, and his gait indicated a determination to proceed to

Trabb’s with cheerful briskness.

【重点词汇】industry n. 勤劳；勤奋

gait n. 步法；步态

【中文翻译】他的蓝色背包挂在肩上，眼中闪烁着勤奋诚实的光芒，

而轻快的步法显示了他去 Trabb 家的决心。

159. One of the most startling facts to anyone who had toured Europe is

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that Williamsburg guides have no set speeches, and are giving

visitors their own interpretation of the rigorous course of lectures on

colonial life which they are required to attend as part of their

training.

【主干分析】one of the facts is that guides have no set speeches, and are

giving visitors their own interpretation.


这里 to anyone who had toured Europe和 is that Williamsburg后面都

是修饰宾语的从句，而从句当中出现了谓语并列：have no set

speeches 和 are giving visitors…并列。而从句当中又套了一个宾语

从句：of the rigorous course of lectures on colonial life which they are

required to attend as part of their training 修饰的是从句当中的宾语

interpretation.

【重点词汇】rigorous adj. 缜密的；严格的；枯燥的

【中文翻译】对于任何去过欧洲的游客来说，最令人吃惊的是威廉姆

斯堡的导游没有统一的稿子；他们会给出自己的见解，而这个见解来

自于他们被强制上的关于殖民生活的枯燥课程。

160. The replacement of reality with selective fantasy is characteristic of

that most successful and staggeringly profitable American

phenomenon, the reinvention of the environment as themed

entertainment.

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【主干分析】the replacement is characteristic of American phenomenon

【难句特点】宾语修饰成分

这里修饰宾语的有两层。 the reinvention of the environment as

themed entertainment 修饰的是宾语 characteristic ，而 most

successful and staggeringly profitable 则修饰的是宾语补足语当中的

American Phenomenon.

【重点词汇】staggeringly adv.令人震惊地；难以置信地

phenomenon n. 现象；事迹

【中文翻译】用有选择性的幻想来代替现实是大多数最成功的，最有

惊人利益的美国现象的特征，它可以重新塑造环境使其变成有特定意

义的娱乐。

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