Dunnage Bag In Cargo Load Securing Cejipac Sdn. Bhd.

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Why secure the cargo loads?The sea can be rough!

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Why secure the cargo loads?The goods can fall out !

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Why secure cargo loads?Damaged goods and properties can be expensive!

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Why secure the cargo loads?Can cause accident!

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Why secure cargo loads?Can damage the container!

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Why secure the cargo loads?Can cause public nuisance!

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Common excuses givenIts so heavy, it wont shiftWe thought it will be strong enoughWe have no time to secure the cargo during loadingWe have been doing this for 20 years and nothing like this has ever happened before

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Introduction What is a dunnage bag?

It is a bag filled with air and used to restrain loads in rail cars, trucks and containers.It is also used to fill voids between articles of cargo to prevent shifting during transit.

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ConstructionA polyethylene bladder with a polyethylene valveTo give strength , the bladder is wrapped in one or multiple ply of kraft paper, vinyl , nylon or woven polypropylene sheet.

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PurposeTo fill voids , brace loads,restrain loads, absorb vibration and cushion the loads from in-transit damage.

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How does it work? Adapt to any shape, space or voidAbsorb vibrationExert constant pressure Cushion

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Working Pressure

Level Fabric Denier Working Pressure .kPa 1 800 20 2 1000 40 3 1600 60

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ForcesGiven Bag: 90 x 180 cm , 800DContact Area , 80% : 72 x 144cm =1.04m2Force = Pressure x AreaForce = Working Pressure x Contact AreaForce = 20kPa x 1.04m2Force = 20.8 kNForce = 20.8 /9.81m/s2 = 2.1 tonne

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Typical Forces (Tonne)

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Loading PlanHave out a loading plan

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How To Install The Bag?

Step 1:Choose the right size for maximum contact

Step 2:Protect the bag from sharp objects Step 3:Position the bag correctly Step 4:Inflate the bag till the cargo is properly secured

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Situation To Avoid #1Using too big a bag

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Situation To Avoid #2Using too small a bag

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Situation To Avoid #3Too big a void

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Situation To Avoid #4Never use two bags together

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Situation To Avoid #5Do not place a bag next to the door

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Situation To Avoid #6Do not under-inflate

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Situation To Avoid #7Do not over-inflate the bag Signs of over-inflation :1. Cargo shape is distorted2. Container walls are bulging

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Situation To Avoid #8Using an inflation tool with a sharp tip- puncture the plastic bladder

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Situation To Avoid #9Ensure the bag is not exposed to any sharp edges eg. edges of pallet, tins & nails etc.Sandwich the bag between 2 pieces of cardboard before inflation.

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How to correctly inflate the bag?Use a regulated air supply set at the recommended pressureGive a few quick burst of air to open up the bladder before filling Check that the load being secured cannot be moved and is not distorted Observe that the container walls are just beginning to buckle Stop inflation,tighten the valve cap and insert the plug

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How many bags are needed?According to the US FMCSA rules, the aggregate working load limit of any securement system used must be at least one-half the weight of the load.

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1. Will need at least 20 kPa if used to restraint loads.For void fillers only need 10kPa. The bladder is about 150 micron thick.Can also use vinyl and nylon for the blqadder but more expensive.Because it is filled with air , it acts like a cushion and shock absorber and will not damage the goods.If you knock a hard object against another hard object ,certainly the weaker one will be damaged.1. Acts like an air-cushion and absorber1.It works on the principle of low pressure and big surface area eg. An excavator with large tracks have no problem in swampy ground but a car will sink into it.The 4-ply paper bag has double the strength of the corresponding 2-ply bag.2. Similarly , 1600D WPP bag is 50% stronger than the 1000D WPP bag.3. The WPP bag is waterproof while the paper bag strength will deteriorate when wet.1.The first thing to do is to work out a loading plan which stack goes where.This will save time and eliminate mistake.1.Use either cardboard (used) , fiberboard or plywood to protect the dunnage bag from sharp objects/edges.2.Try loading the pallets to the sides as much as possible. This will give a sufficient void to place the bag.3.Make sure the bag is level or about 50mm above the highest load . It can be one inch or more from the floor.4.Hold the valve firmly and give a few quick burst from the air inflator to open up the plastic bladder before filling it up.This will help to minimixe the risk of cold burnt.5.At full inflation,check that the cargo load furthest away from the bag cannot be moved and that the bag is firm to the touch.You can also see that the container walls are starting to bulge.6. Must stop inflation once the cargo is properly secured1. A point force will act on the cargo load rather than a distributed force acting uniformly on the full unitised load 1. Rearrange the pallets to use the long side . Otherwise use wood brace, pallet or other void filler to reduce the void.1.You can only close one side of the door to inflate the bag.For the other side of the door the bag will be under inflated otherwise you will not be able to close the door.1.Under inflation will mean the cartons can come loose due to road vibrations and schocks.2. Try to maximise the area of the cartons/ load in contact with the bag. Depending on cargo type , inflate the bag within the range from zero to the recommended working pressure for that particular bag.Different cargo type requires different pressureRearrange the cargo or use cardboard spacer to help in cushioning the cargo in case of sensitive cargo. 1. Quite a common problem. The normal sharp tip air gun is actually an air blower .1. Much like at the petrol station where you pump up your tyresFMCSA stands for Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.Based on their studies , the cargo securement system must withstand the following 3 forces applied separately:2.1 0.8g deceleration in the forward direction2.2 0.5 g acceleration in the rearward direction 2.3 0.5 g acceleration in a lateral direction