Cell Clock, Mitosis, & CancerCell Clock, Mitosis, & Cancer

Chapter 8Chapter 8

(Do Ch 8 outlines & vocab!)(Do Ch 8 outlines & vocab!)

Chapter 12 in Campbell textChapter 12 in Campbell text

Cell ClockCell Clock

Definition: How stem Definition: How stem cells spend their timecells spend their time

G1, S, G2 = Interphase G1, S, G2 = Interphase (growth, DNA (growth, DNA synthesis, more synthesis, more growth)growth)

Mitosis = cell divisionMitosis = cell division G0 = specialized cellsG0 = specialized cells

MitosisMitosis

Mitosis = cell division of Mitosis = cell division of autosomal cells; Meiosis = autosomal cells; Meiosis = cell division of sex cellscell division of sex cells

PMAT = prophase, PMAT = prophase, metaphase, anaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophasetelophase

What happens at each What happens at each stage? stage? http://http://www.cellsalive.com/mitoswww.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htmis.htm

Actual Cell Pictures of MitosisActual Cell Pictures of Mitosis

Picture:Picture: 1: Prophase1: Prophase 2: Metaphase2: Metaphase 3: Anaphase3: Anaphase 4: Telophase4: Telophase

Let’s do the Let’s do the MITOSIS DANCE!MITOSIS DANCE!

CancerCancer

Every minute, ten Every minute, ten million cells divide in the million cells divide in the human body. Normally, human body. Normally, cell division, cell division, accompanied by growth accompanied by growth and specialized and specialized development, takes development, takes place in an orderly place in an orderly pattern. But when a cell pattern. But when a cell becomes malignant, it becomes malignant, it acts in profoundly acts in profoundly abnormal ways.abnormal ways.

Cancer DevelopmentCancer Development

Cancer develops from a Cancer develops from a single cell that has single cell that has undergone mutations in undergone mutations in its DNA. its DNA.

Instead of maturing Instead of maturing normally and dying, normally and dying, cancerous cells cancerous cells reproduce without reproduce without restraint. restraint.

They never stop They never stop dividing, and they fail to dividing, and they fail to mature. (Immortal)mature. (Immortal)

Causes of CancerCauses of Cancer

Ultraviolet radiationUltraviolet radiation X-raysX-rays Drugs, Smoking, and AlcoholDrugs, Smoking, and Alcohol Industrial chemicalsIndustrial chemicals Diet and obesityDiet and obesity Genetics and HeredityGenetics and Heredity StressStress VirusesViruses

Smoking Attributable RiskSmoking Attributable RiskPercent of Deaths (1991)Percent of Deaths (1991)

Type of CancerType of Cancer Male %Male % Female %Female %

OralOral 92%92% 61%61%

LarynxLarynx 81%81% 87%87%

EsophagusEsophagus 78%78% 74%74%

LungLung 90%90% 79%79%

PancreasPancreas 29%29% 33%33%

KidneyKidney 48%48% 12%12%

BladderBladder 47%47% 37%37%

CervixCervix N/AN/A 32%32%

TobaccoTobacco

Tobacco is the single Tobacco is the single greatest cause of cancer greatest cause of cancer worldwide (preventable!)worldwide (preventable!)

Many poisonous Many poisonous substances: 44 Carcinogens substances: 44 Carcinogens (hydrogen cyanide, carbon (hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, monoxide, formaldehyde, nicotine, strychnine, arsenic, nicotine, strychnine, arsenic, benzenes, nitrous-amine benzenes, nitrous-amine compounds…)compounds…)

http://http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/cigwww.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/cigarette/nicotine.htmlarette/nicotine.html

Search for a Safer Cigarette?Search for a Safer Cigarette?

Elimination of Elimination of tobacco is the single tobacco is the single most important step most important step to our winning the to our winning the war against cancer.war against cancer.

Let’s watch a video!Let’s watch a video!