cell division and mitosis. gresources/molecularbiology/dn
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Division and Mitosis
![Page 2: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/mitosis/
http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/TeachingResources/MolecularBiology/DNAReplication.swf
http://www.dnai.org/text/mediashowcase/index2.html?id=584
![Page 3: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?
By making more cells.
![Page 4: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DNA
Because DNA stores genetic information and is replicated to pass information from cell-to-cell and generation-to- generation.
Why is DNA important?
![Page 5: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cell Division
1.Replication2.Mitosis3. Cytokinesis
Why do cells need to divide?
![Page 6: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why do cells need to divide?
1.To make new cells (if you are injured or growing)
2.Pass on your genes to next generation (sex)
![Page 7: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cell Cycle
1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
6. Cytokinesis
Which phases are part of mitosis?
![Page 8: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cell CycleWhich cycle is the longest?
Interphase
![Page 9: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Interphase occurs before mitosis begins
• Chromosomes are __________ (# doubles)• Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils
(chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase
CELL MEMBRANENucleus
Cytoplasm
copied
![Page 10: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
InterphaseInterphaseAnimal Cell Plant Cell
What happens to the chromosomes during Interphase? The chromosomes double
![Page 11: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
INTERPHASE
DNA is replicated.
•During DNA replication the DNA separates into two strands and produces two new complementary strands. •Remember A binds to ___ and C binds to ___. T G
![Page 12: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
INTERPHASE
DNA is packed into ______________ after replication.
chromatin
duplicatedchromosome
Chromosomes
![Page 13: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chromosomes that are duplicated during Interphase are called?
![Page 14: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
INTERPHASEDNA condensed into visible Chromosomes
95% of the time DNA looks like this in the _________. Nucleus
![Page 15: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Prophase 1st step in Mitosis
• Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
• ____________ (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell.
• Spindle fibers form between the poles.
CentriolesSister chromatids
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
![Page 16: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
Is the right picture or left picture of a Plant cell?
![Page 17: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Metaphase 2nd step in Mitosis
• _____________(or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers.
CentriolesSpindle fibers
Chromatids
![Page 18: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
____________
Animal Cell Plant Cell
METAPHASE
![Page 19: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Anaphase 3rd step in Mitosis
• ______________(or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
Chromatids
![Page 20: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
____________
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
ANAPHASE
![Page 21: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Telophase 4th step in Mitosis
• Two new _________form.
• Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods).
• Mitosis ends.
NucleiNuclei
Chromatin
nuclei
![Page 22: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
___________
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
TELOPHASE
![Page 23: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
_____________occurs after mitosis
• Cell membrane moves inward to create two
daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes.
CYTOKINESIS
![Page 24: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cytokinesis
Is this an animal or plant cell?
Cleave furrow in a dividing frog cell.
In Animal Cells, a Cleavage Furrow Forms and Separates Daughter Cells
![Page 25: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Which process is pictured below?
-Cell Division-Mitosis or
-Cytokinesis
![Page 26: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cytokinesis
Is this an animal or plant cell?
![Page 27: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Which phase has chromatids lined up in the middle?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
![Page 28: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Which phase is first in the cell cycle?
Cell Cycle
![Page 29: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
30
The Cell CycleINTERPHASE - INTERMISSION
PROPHASE - PREPARE
METAPHASE - MIDDLE
ANAPHASE - APART
TELOPHASE – TWO NUCLEI
CYTOKINESIS - CELLS
30
![Page 30: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cell Cycle
Why does the cell cycle precisely divide the duplicated chromosomes into two?
interphase prophase
metaphase
To make each new cell identical with a complete set of genetic instructions.
![Page 31: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Mitosis Precisely and Evenly Divides Duplicated Chromosomes
Is cytokinesis part of mitosis? No, neither is Interphase.
![Page 32: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Mitosis in Action
What is the Blue stuff?
DNA
![Page 33: Cell Division and Mitosis. gResources/MolecularBiology/DN](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d705503460f94a52803/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cancer Progression• There are many different forms of cancer, affecting
different cell types and working in different ways. All start out with mutations in specific genes called “oncogenes”. The normal, unmutated versions of the oncogenes provide the control mechanisms for the cell. The mutations are caused by radiation, certain chemicals (carcinogens), and various random events during DNA replication.
• Once a single cell starts growing uncontrollably, it forms a tumor, a small mass of cells. No further progress can occur unless the cancerous mass gets its own blood supply. “Angiogenesis” is the process of developing a system of small arteries and veins to supply the tumor. Most tumors don’t reach this stage.
• A tumor with a blood supply will grow into a large mass. Eventually some of the cancer cells will break loose and move through the blood supply to other parts of the body, where they start to multiply. This process is called metastasis. It occurs because the tumor cells lose the proteins on their surface that hold them to other cells.