cell division vocabulary. mitosis part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus...
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Cell Division Vocabulary
Mitosis Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
Meiosis The process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Meiosis I Includes prophase I, metaphase I, and anaphase I. It results in the formation of two haploid cells
Meiosis IIIncludes prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II. The final product is four haploid cells
InterphaseThe period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
ProphaseThe first and longest phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
MetaphaseThe second phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
AnaphaseThe third phase of mitosis during which the chromosome pairs separate and move towards opposite sides of the cell
TelophaseThe fourth and final phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
Cell divisionThe process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.
G1 phaseA period of activity in which the cells do most of their growing. During this phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.
S phaseComes after G1, it is when chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place
G2 phase The shortest phase of interphase, it is when many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.
Gamete A sex cell
OocyteAn immature egg cell
SpermThe male reproductive cell
Segregation Separation of alleles during gamete formation
Homologous Chromosomes that have corresponding chromosomes from the opposite sex parent.
Cell cycleA series of events cells go through as they grow and divide
DNANucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
SpindleFanlike microtubule structure that helps separate chromosomes during mitosis
CentrioleOne of the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
ChromosomeA threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
CancerDisorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth
Crossing-overProcess in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
DiploidA cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
HaploidA cell that only contains a single set of chromosomes
TetradA structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
ChromatidsOne of the two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
CentromereArea where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
CytokinesisDivision of cytoplasm during cell division.
2NDiploid daughter cells
N Haploid cells