Role of Cell Organelles

Prepared by Kalsoom Muhammad Saleem

Cell Organelle

An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.

Cell Organelles

Nucleus Nucleoli

Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body or Golgi Complex) Lysosomes Peroxisomes Secretory Vesicles Cell Cytoskeleton

Nucleus

Control centre of cell containing DNA code in chromosomes

Genes (DNA) control and promote reproduction of cell

Nucleoli

Staining structures present in nucleus

Site of transcription

Assembles ribosomes

Mitochondria

Power house of cell Contains oxidative

enzymes on shelves and dissolved enzymes in matrix that work in association with each other to produce ATP

Contains DNA and are self-replicating

Ribosomes

Composed of mixtures of RNA and proteins

They function in protein synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Substances produced in some parts of cell entre ER and are transported to other parts of cell

Machinery for major share of metabolic functions

Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumSynthesis of lipid

substancesOther processes

of cells promoted by reticular enzymes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesis and packaging of proteins by process of protein generation, folding, transport and protein quality check

Golgi Apparatus

Transport vesicles are pinched off from ER and attach to Golgi Apparatus

Processed and converted into lysosomes, secretory vesicles and other cytoplasmic components in Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes

Provided with intracellular digestive system that allows cell to digest Damaged cellular

structures Food particles that

have been ingested by cell

Unwanted matter Hydrolase enzyme

hydrolysis organic compounds

Peroxisomes

Oxidases combine Oxygen with Hydrogen and form Hydrogen peroxide which with catalase (enzyme) oxidise many substances which are otherwise poisonous

Secretory Vesicles

Store protein proenzymes that are secreted into pancreatic duct and then to duodenum, where they digest food

Cell Cytoskeleton

Made up of filaments and microtubules

Filaments provide elastic support to cell membrane

Microtubules provide rigid physical structures for cell

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