cell organelles. common cell traits a cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life...
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Cell Organelles
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COMMON CELL TRAITS
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
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COMPARING CELLS
The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)
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PROKARYOTIC CELLS(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells without a nucleus
EX: bacteria
pond scum
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EUKARYOTIC CELLS(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells with a nucleus
EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists
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ORGANELLES
Organelle = “little organ”
An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.
Found only inside eukaryotic cells
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CELL WALL(Plant Cell Only)
Protects and supports
Gives shape
Stiff covering located outside of the cell membrane
Allows materials to pass through
A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria cells.
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CELL MEMBRANE
Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells.
For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall.
Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.
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CYTOPLASM
Not an organelle
Cyto=cell
Translucent, grayish, jellylike
All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm
Gelatin-like inside cell membrane
Constantly flows
Made mostly of water
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NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities
Contains instructions for everything the cell does
These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA
Usually the largest organelle
Easiest organelle to see under a microscope
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CHLOROPLAST(Plant Cell Only)
Contains chlorophyll
Makes plants green
Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars
Photosynthesis takes place here
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CHLOROPHYLL
A green chemical that gives leaves & stems their color
Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose
Glucose is a type of sugar
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MITOCHONDRIA
Organelles that release energy from food
This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide
A.k.a. the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food
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RIBOSOMES
Make proteins
Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes are made in the nucleus
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
A.k.a. “ER”
A series of folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell
Like a conveyor belt
Smooth ER – ribosomes not attached to ER
Rough ER – ribosomes attached to ER
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GOLGI COMPLEX
Stack of flat, pancake-shaped discs
Modify, sort, package, and store carbohydrates and proteins until they are needed.
Makes lysosomes
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LYSOSOMES
Breaks down materials for digestion
Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell
Garbage disposal of the cell
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VACUOLE
Most plant cells have one large one
Filled w/ fluid
Temporary storage spaces
Stores food, water, waste
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Plant and Animal Cells both have:
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm with organelles
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Plant and Animal Cell Differences
PLANT CELL Has a cell wall which is
thicker and tougher than a cell membrane.
Contains chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and allows the plant to make its own food.
ANIMAL CELL Does not contain a
cell wall.
Does not contain chloroplasts.
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1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria
4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles 7- ER 8- Cell Membrane
Technology Project Review
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Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulum
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NAME THE ORGANELLE
d. ____________b. ___________
c. ___________a. _________
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NAME THE ORGANELLE
d. Mitochondriab. Chloroplast
c. Golgi body a. Nucleus