CELL PHONE OPERATED LAND-ROVER

• Himanshu R. Gawari.– T.E, A div Roll no.- 671

• Nitish S. Chincholi.– T.E, A div Roll no.- 651

This Seminar

• We will talk about – Overview of Robotic systems

– Mobile operations

– Operations of Embedded microcontrollers & parts– Applications

We Like to Explore Places, Unmanned

There are Dangerous Zones in the World …

Robotics

• What is ROBOTICS????

• ROBOTS Meaning History and importance Used where???Everywhere

Steps Involved

Working of Mobile phones Working of Microcontrollers and Decoders Working of DTMF Tones

FREQUENCY 1209 Hz 1336Hz 1477Hz 1633Hz

697Hz 1 2 3 A

770Hz 4 5 6 B

852Hz 7 8 9 C

941Hz * 0 # D

Advantages of DTMF

• DTMF signal consists of a sum of two frequencies one from lower group frequencies and other from higher group

• It is almost impossible to copy DTMF signal

• Avoids the interference of speech and music signals.

Drawbacks of conventional RF robots

• Conventional wireless-controlled robots have

– Limited Frequency Range

– Limited Control

– Limited Security

Advantage of cell phone

• Mobile phone for robotic control has advantages like

– Robust control

– Large coverage area as per service provider

– No Interference with other controllers

Block Diagram

Further Development

The Brain: The Microprocessor

• The decisions are made by a device called a microcontroller or microprocessor.

• It essentially does the same thing as the microprocessors used in your personal computer, i.e. it runs programs; however it is smaller and simpler.

Embedded Microprocessors Characteristics

• Compared to general-purpose microprocessors, the embedded ones:– are smaller and consume less power– usually run a couple of routine programs– need to have predictable calculation times (imagine your

cruise control acting like your PC!)– need to be failures/crash resistant

? ?

Why use Embedded Systems?

• They end up being cheaper• They consume significantly less power, which

is crucial for handheld devices such as cell phone.

• They are easy to program and test, reducing the time-to-market.

Components Used

• MT8870 DTMF decoder

• ATmega16 AVR microcontroller

• L293D motor driver

DTMF

• Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling.• It’s used for telephone signaling over the line

in the voice-frequency band.• The version of DTMF used for telephone tone

dialing is known as Touch-Tone.• It’s standardised by ITU-T Recommendation

Q.23.

MT8870 DTMF decoder• M-8870 is a full DTMF Receiver.• Have both band split filter and decoder

functions into a single 18-pin DIP or SOIC package.

• Manufactured using CMOS process technology• M-8870 offers low power consumption• Does precise data handling.• Its decoder uses digital counting techniques to

detect and decode all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code.

• Has an on-chip differential input amplifier, clock generator, and latched interface bus.

ATmega16 AVR microcontroller

• ATmega16 is an 8-bit high performance microcontroller of Atmel’s Mega AVR family.

• It has low power consumption. • Atmega16 is based on enhanced RISC architecture with 131

powerful instructions. • Atmega16 can work on a maximum frequency of 16MHz.• ATmega16 has 16 KB programmable flash memory, static RAM

of 1 KB and EEPROM of 512 Bytes.• ATmega16 is a 40 pin microcontroller. There are 32 I/O

(input/output) lines which are divided into four 8-bit ports designated as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and PORTD.

L293D motor driver

• L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver IC.• Motor drivers act as current amplifiers

since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal.

• This higher current signal is used to drive the motors.

• In its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction

• Enable pins corresponding to the two motors must be high for motors to start operating.

Circuit Description

Working

• Car operated by mobile.• It uses DTMF tones of mobile which are different for

different buttons.• These tones are decoded by IC8870 which are then

sent to Atmega16 which is programmable.• The output from Atmega16 is then sent to motor

driver L293D.• Finally the output from motor driver is sent to

motors.

Programming Framework• C language is used and compiled using CodeVision AVR ‘C’

compiler.• Source program is converted into hex code by the compiler.• This hex code into ATmega16 AVR microcontroller.

#include <mega16.h>void main(void)

{unsigned int k, h; DDRA=0x00; DDRD=0XFF;

while (1) {k =~PINA;

h=k & 0x0F; switch (h)

{case 0x02:{PORTD=0x89; break;}case 0x08:{PORTD=0x86;break;}case 0x04:{PORTD=0x85;break;}

case 0x06:{PORTD=0x8A;break;}case 0x05:{PORTD=0x00;break;}}}}

Applications• Cell-phone operated land rover can be used for different

application by changing the design of robot as per requirement– Surveillance and Security robots– Bomb and Mine detection – Police/Law Enforcement Robots– Underwater Remote Operated Robots– Remote Exploration Robots– Hazardous Material Handling Robots– Robot Sports– Phone Operated Robot Cleaner

Further Improvements

• IR Sensors• Password Protection• Adding a Camera• Alarm Phone Dialer– Replacing DTMF Decoder IC CM8870 by DTMF

Transceiver IC CM8800

Ongoing Development By Companies

• Samsung – VS-RS60 vacuum robot

• Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. – MARON-1The world's first mobile phone-controlled robot is to be launched in japan . The robot can be made to walk, jump and wave its hands via Bluetooth over a range of up to 10 meters.

Conclusion• After completing we are able to – Describe the benefits of autonomous vehicles– Have a basic knowledge of embedded systems

and why they are useful– Also analyzed the use of a cell-phone as a remote.– We learnt that with the help of DTMF (Dual Tone

Multiple-Frequency) signal, we can control land rover to move in all directions.

References

• Wikipedia – The free encyclopaedia• http://www.8051projects.info/• http://www.instructables.com/• http://www.roboticstrends.com/• “DTMF Tester”, ‘Electronic For You’ Magazine, Edition(JUNE

2003)• “Cell Phone Operated Land-Rover”, ‘Electronic For You’

Magazine, Edition(JULY 2008)