cell phones&driving final presentation

Cell Phones & DrivingCell Phones & DrivingAlexis BaezAlexis Baez

Ann Marie GalliAnn Marie GalliMeredith AlexisMeredith Alexis

Mohsin KhanMohsin Khan

MBA 512 Final PresentationMBA 512 Final PresentationDecember 5December 5thth, 2009, 2009

Exploration – History & Facts:• Current, timely, controversial topic

– Legislation varies between states and towns• Hands-free laws• Texting laws • No laws• Enforceable?

– Increase in accidents due to being distracted• 6% of all accidents result from cell phone use • 12,000 serious injuries per year• 2,600 deaths

– Opinions vary among users• Strongly against any cell phone use while driving• Strongly for cell phone use while driving

Exploration – History & Facts:• Human interest

– Popular with consumers & businesses• 270 million cell phone subscribers in the U.S. (end of 2008)• 76 million subscribers in 1999 in the U.S. – up 255%• 80 % have admitted to using cell while driving

• Future Implications– Wireless industry continues to grow

• More integration / applications• New product launches / new technology

– How will law enforcement, insurance companies, and wireless industry handle the issues?

• Fines / legal action• Insurance breaks / monitoring• Education / safety / promotion

Exploration – Background Research:

• Background Research– “Ban Cell Phones While Driving, Safety Council

Says” January 11, 2009, www.foxnews.com

– “Driving Us to Distraction”, August 24, 2009, Time, Vol. 174, Issue 7

– “Should Motorists Ever Talk On The Phone?”, February 16, 2009, www.cnn.com

– “Efforts To Limit Cell Phone Use While Driving Grow”, March 29th 2009, www.usatoday.com

http://www.foxnews.com/

http://www.cnn.com/

http://www.usatoday.com/

Exploration – Research Questions:• Research Questions

– What are the population’s views, behaviors & attitudes associated with cell phone use while driving?

– Do age and gender have an impact on cell phone use while driving?

– Does business use increase cell phone use while driving?

• Research Hypotheses: – Younger age groups and females use cell phones more

while driving.– If laws banned cell phone use while driving, people

would continue to use their cell phones.

Exploration – Research Questions:•Related Factors

- Business use vs. personal use- Hands-free vs. no hands-free use- Current laws and future laws- People’s beliefs vs. behavior- Types of usage

Data Collection:• Target Audience

• anyone using a cell phone while driving• 216 million (according to Nationwide Insurance Survey)

– 80% of the 270 million U.S. subscribers use cell while driving • Anticipated 100 responses

• Sampling Plan / Method of administration• Internet chain (using random contacts/blind requests)• E-mail & social networking

• Summary of Respondents• Unknown amount of surveys were distributed• 58 responses received

• Possible sources of error• Unknown distribution• Survey amount and who received them• Not enough demographic representation

Cell Phone Use While Driving

Are you male or female?

Answer Options Response Percent Response Count

Male 39.7% 23

Female 60.3% 35

answered question 58

skipped question 0

Survey Question #1

Survey Question #2Cell Phone Use While Driving

What is your age range?


Under 21 3.4% 2

21-30 22.4% 13

31-40 44.8% 26

41-50 19.0% 11

51 and over 10.3% 6

answered question 58skipped question 0


How have you used your cell phone while driving in the past 30 days? Check all that apply.


Voice calls/Voice mail 98.2% 56Text messaging 75.4% 43Instant messaging 12.3% 7Web browsing/Internet 22.8% 13Music/MP3 player 12.3% 7GPS Navigation 29.8% 17E-mail 38.6% 22



For what purpose do you use your cell phone while driving?


Business use only 5.4% 3Mostly business use 8.9% 5Some business use / Some personal use 41.1% 23Mostly personal use 23.2% 13Personal use only 21.4% 12



If a total ban on all cell phone use while driving were enacted into law, would you obey this law and cease using your cell phone if you thought you would not get caught?


Yes 36.8% 21

No 63.2% 36

answered question 57

skipped question 1

Survey Question #6

Response Percent

Response Count

61.4% 3521.1% 1217.5% 10

571


I am unsure of what the laws state

Answer Options

skipped question

No, I am not aware of the laws

Are you aware of the current laws in place in the state in which you live/ work regarding cell phone use while driving?

answered question

Yes, I am aware of the laws

61%21%

18%Yes, I am aware of the laws

No, I am not aware of the laws

I am unsure of what the lawsstate

Survey Question #7

Response Percent

Response Count

46.6% 2743.1% 250.0% 08.6% 51.7% 1

580


Neither Agree nor Disagree

Answer Options

Strongly Disagree

Somewhat Agree

skipped question

Using a cell phone while driving impairs driving ability the same as other activities do such as eating, smoking, applying make-up, speaking to a

Somewhat Disagree

Strongly Agree

answered question

Using a c

46%

43%

0%

9% 2%

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Somewhat Disagree

Strongly Disagree

Survey Question #8

12%7%

12%

9%

60%

A total ban on cell phone usewhile driving should be enactedinto law

Cell phone use while drivingshould be allowed only with ahands-free device

Talking on a cell phone whiledriving should be allowedwithout a hands-free device

Talking on a cell phone whiledriving should be allowed, butall other cell phone use shouldnot be allowedUsing a cell phone while drivingin any capacity should beallowed

Response Percent

Response Count

12.1% 760.3% 358.6% 512.1% 76.9% 4

580


Talking on a cell phone while driving should be allowed

Answer Options

Using a cell phone while driving in any capacity should

Cell phone use while driving should be allowed only with

skipped question

You believe the following is true regarding cell phone use while driving: Select the statement that best describes your opinion regarding cell phone use while

Talking on a cell phone while driving should be allowed,

A total ban on cell phone use while driving should be

answered question

Survey Question #9

Response Percent

Response Count

47.3% 2689.1% 4940.0% 2252.7% 2925.5% 1429.1% 1658.2% 321.8% 1

553skipped question

Text messaging

E-mail

My ability to operate a vehicle is impaired when I use my cell phone in the following ways when driving: Check all that apply

Web browsing/Internet

answered question

Voice calls/Voice mail

GPS Navigation


Instant messaging

I do not believe my driving is impaired in any way when

Answer Options

Music/MP3 Player

1.8%

58.2%

29.1%25.5%40.0%

89.1%

47.3%52.7%

0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%

100.0%

Voic

e

calls/Voic

e

mail

I d

o n

ot

believe m

y

driv

ing is

impaired in

any w

ay

when I

use

my c

ell

phone a

nd

driv

e

Survey Question #10

Response Percent

Response Count

15.8% 924.6% 1414.0% 845.6% 26

571


I talk without a hands-free device but DO NOT

Answer Options

answered question

I own a hands-free device and SOMETIMES use it while

Which of the statements below best describes your use of your cell phone while driving? Choose the answer that most applies to you.

I talk without a hands-free device AND also

I own a hands-free device and ALWAYS use it while

skipped question

15.8%

24.6%14.0%

45.6%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%

I own a hands-free device and ALWAYS useit while driving

I talk without a hands-free device but DONOT text/email/instant message while

I talk without a hands-free device AND also text/email/instant message while driving

I talk without a hands-free device but DO NOT text/email/instant message while driving

I own a hands-free device and SOMETIMES use it while driving

I own a hands-free device and ALWAYS use it while driving

HYPOTHESIS TESTS x-value sample 1 7 x-value sample 2 27

sample size 1 15 sample size 2 42

pooled proportion 0.596 proportion 1 46.7% proportion 2 64.3%

under 30 over 31

std error 0.148

Does age impact awareness of laws?

NULL: under 30 =over 30 Age does not impact awareness of laws

ALTERNATIVE: under 30 ≠over 30 Age impacts awareness of laws

one-tailed or two tailed? 2

test statistic (obs) (1.194) T observed is NOT greather than critical measure.

critical measure 1.960

|obs| > critical?? NO

p-value 0.232 P-Value is NOT less than alpha level.

-level 0.050

p-value < a-level?? NO

DO NOT REJECT THE NULL!

Therefore, the null stating Age does not impact the awareness of laws must be accepted.

Does age impact awareness of laws?


sample size 1 22 sample size 2 35pooled proportion 0.053 proportion 1 9.1% proportion 2 2.9%

under 30 over 31std error 0.061

Does gender impact business cell phone use?NULL: m = f Gender does not impact business cell phone use

ALTERNATIVE: m ≠ f Gender impacts business cell phone use


test statistic (obs) 1.026 T observed is NOT greather than critical measure.



p-value 0.305 P-Value is NOT less than alpha level.

-level 0.050


DO NOT REJECT THE NULL!

Therefore, the null stating Gender does not impact business cell phone use must be accepted.

Does gender impact business cell phone use?

Does age impact text messaging while driving?


sample size 1 41 sample size 2 16pooled

proportion 0.719 proportion 1 0.731707317 proportion 2 0.6875

40 & under Over 40std error 0.132

Do people under 40 and under text message while they drive more than those over 40?NULL: People 40 and under do not text while driving more than people over 40

ALTERNATIVE: People 40 and under text while driving more than people over 40


test statistic (obs) 0.334 Conclusion: DO NOT REJECT THE NULL


The test results show that people 40 and under do not text while driving more than people over 40 with statistical significance, therefore we cannot reject the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis stands: People 40 and under do not text while

driving more than people over 40.


p-value 0.369 -level 0.050


SUMMARY OUTPUTNull: There is no relationship between gender & opinions on the

law

Regression StatisticsAlt: There is a relationship between gender & opinions on the

lawMultiple R 0.01193R Square 0.01% X=Gender, Y=opinion on laws about cell phone use while driving

Adjusted R Square

-1.80%

Standard Error

1.078939 Conclusion: Do not reject the null

Observations

57

ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F

Regression 1 0.009114 0.009114 0.007829 0.92981571

Residual 55 64.02597 1.164109Total 56 64.03509

Coefficient

sStandard

Errort Stat P-value Lower 95%

Upper 95%

Lower 95.0%

Upper 95.0%

Intercept 1.454545 0.23003 6.323272 0.000000 0.9935540461.91553

70.993554 1.915537

Gender -0.02597 0.293555 -0.08848 0.929816 -0.6142704880.56232

2-0.61427 0.562322

Is there a relationship between gender and opinions about cell phone laws while driving?

SUMMARY OUTPUTNull: There is no relationship between age, gender and the use of hands-free devices

Regression Statistics Alt: There is a relationship between age, gender and the use of hands-free devices

Multiple R 0.089883369R Square 0.00807902 X(1)=Gender, X(2)=Age, Y=Use of Hands-free device

Adjusted R Square -0.028658794Standard Error 0.502004496 Conclusion: Do not reject the nullObservations 57

ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F

Regression 2 0.110838485 0.055419 0.21991 0.80330608Residual 54 13.60845976 0.252009

Total 56 13.71929825

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0%

Upper 95.0%

Intercept 0.687229981 0.181007989 3.796683 0.000373 0.324330816 1.050129 0.324331 1.050129Gender 0.007535416 0.136604293 0.055162 0.956213 -0.2663397 0.281411 -0.26634 0.281411

Age -0.046066513 0.069814555 -0.65984 0.51216 -0.18603627 0.093903 -0.18604 0.093903

Is there a relationship between age, gender and use of a hands-free device?

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics Null: The current laws do not affect cell phone driving use.

Multiple R 0.115 Alternative: The current laws do affect cell phone driving use.

R Square 0.013

Adjusted R Square -0.005 X: Current law awareness Y: Willingness to obey laws.

Standard Error 0.490 Conclusion: Do not reject the null.

Observations 56

ANOVA

df SS MS F Significance F

Regression 1 0.175 0.175 0.730 0.397

Residual 54 12.95 0.240

Total 55 13.125

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper

95.0%

Intercept 0.300 0.110 2.740 0.008 0.080 0.520 0.080 0.520

Current law awareness 0.117 0.137 0.854 0.397 -0.157 0.390 -0.157 0.390

Is there a relationship between the current cell phone driving laws and willingness to obey them?


sample size 1 22 sample size 2 36pooled proportion 0.362 proportion 1 0.2273 proportion 2 0.4444

Male FemaleStandard deviation 0.130

Is there an impact on one's gender, and the obeying of cell phone driving laws?NULL: p1=p2 Gender has no impact of the obeying of cell phone laws.

ALTERNATIVE: p1<>p2 Gender has an impact on the obeying of cell phone laws.


test statistic (obs) (1.670)


|obs| > critical?? NO Conclusion: Do not reject the null

There is not enough statistical significance to support the Alternative hypothesis, therefore the Null

Hypothesis cannot be rejected. There is no difference between males and females with obeying of the law.

p-value 0.095

a-level 0.050


Does gender impact obeying cell phone laws?

x-value sample 1 50 x-value sample 2 27sample size 1 57 sample size 2 57

Pooled proportion 0.675 proportion 1 0.877192982 proportion 2 0.473684211Std error 0.088 Texting Voice calls

NULL: Texting while driving does not impair a driver’s ability more as compared to voice calls ALTERNATIVE: Texting while driving does impair a driver’s ability more as compared to voice calls

One-tailed or two tailed? 1

Test statistic (obs) 4.601 Critical measure 1.645

|obs| > critical?? Yes

p-value 0.000 -level 0.050

p-value < a-level?? YesReject the null!

Texting while driving does impair a driver’s ability more as compared to voice calls

HYPOTHESIS TESTS

Does texting impair a driver ability more than voice calls?

Do female drivers text more than male drivers ?

x-value sample 1 26 x-value sample 2 17sample size 1 35 sample size 2 22

Pooled proportion 0.754 proportion 1 0.742857143 proportion 2 0.772727273Female Female

Std error 0.117

NULL: Female do not text more than male while drivingALTERNATIVE: Female do text more than male while driving


Test statistic (obs) (0.255) Critical measure 1.645

|obs| > critical?? No

p-value 0.399 No-level 0.050

p-value < a-level??Do not reject the NullFemale do not text more than male while driving

HYPOTHESIS TESTS

Conclusions

Recommendations

cell phones&driving final presentation

Technology

impact business cell

cell phone subscribers

survey question

answered question

skipped question

personal use hands

handsfree use current

related factors business