Cell Structure and Function

Cell compartmentalization

Organelle jigsaw

Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth ER Rough ER Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles

Cytoskeleton - structure

Network of fibers extended throughout the cytoplasm

FLEXIBLE!

Cytoskeleton function

Mechanical support Maintain shape (animal cells) Anchors organelles and

molecules Motility

Moves entire cells Moves part of the cell Motor proteins needed (whole cell,

cilia, flagella, muscle contraction, vesicle movement)

Signal transduction

Cytoskeleton components

Microtubules - Centrioles

9 sets of 3

Microtubules - Cilia and Flagella

Microtubules - Cilia and Flagella

Microfilaments

Plant cell wall Cell protection, shape maintenance, prevents

water uptake Found in some prokaryotes, protists, and fungi Cellulose + other polysaccharides

Extracellular Matrix

Carbohydrate functions

Intercellular junctions

Cell membrane structure

Protein functions

Membrane permeability

Is the cell membrane permeable to…Hydrophobic (nonpolar) molecules IonsPolar moleculesSmall versus large molecules

Aquaporins

Lab 1: Diffusion & Osmosis Concepts

semi-permeable membranediffusionosmosissolutions

hypotonic hypertonic isotonic

water potential

Diffusion vs. osmosis

Lab 1: Diffusion & Osmosis

Tonicity

Water potential (KNOW THIS WELL!) Ψ: Water potential (in MPa) Always higher to lower Ψ Ψs : solute potential (osmotic potential) Always (-)

Ψp : Pressure potential (+ or -)

Animal cells: Ψ = Ψs (

Plant cells: Ψ = Ψs + Ψp

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Cotransport

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Reading quiz

Page 140, problems 6-10

Review of chromosome vs. chromatid

Cell cycle

Mitotic spindle

Cytokinesis

Cell cycle control

Cell cycle control

Cancer growth