cell structure and function lo: be able to describe the differences between prokaryotic and...
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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONFUNCTION
LO: Be able to describe the LO: Be able to describe the differences between prokaryotic differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ultra structureand eukaryotic ultra structure
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The Cell• The cell is the smallest unit of life
that can carry out life processes.
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Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Cellular Organization
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Prokaryotic Cell• Prokaryotic-
cells that do not have a nucleus and internal membrane-bound structures– Most unicellular
organisms are prokaryotes.
– Bacteria
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Eukaryotic Cell• Eukaryotic-Cells
that do have a nucleus and internal membrane-bound structures.– Most multicellular
organisms are eukaryotes.
– Yeast and algae (unicellular, eukaryotes)
– Plant and animal
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• Cytoplasm – Gel like material that protects, supports and suspends organelles.
Features Common to Cells:
All cells have either DNA or RNA or both.
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Features Common to Cells:
• Cell membrane – Semi-permeable allows some materials in and keeps others out. This helps to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Chapter 4Parts of the Cell
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Nucleus• “Command center”• Surrounded by a
nuclear envelope• Contains genetic
material: – chromatin– chromosomes
• Nucleolus-makes ribosomes– Ribosomes-site
where proteins are made
• Can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Series of folded membranes allow a large amount of work to be done in a small amount of space
• Transportation unit for the cell
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)– Ribosomes attached– Protein synthesis
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)– Produce and
store lipids
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Golgi ApparatusVesicles
• Flattened tubular membranes
• Packaging plant• Modify, sort,
package, and transport proteins throughout the cell
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VACUOLES• Storage sacs
Temporary storage of materials– Store food,
enzymes, waste
• Plant cells have one large vacuole.
• Animal cells have many small vesicles.
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LYSOSOMES• Contain digestive
enzymes• Digest excess or
worn organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria
• Surrounded by membrane that prevents it from destroying the cell
• Can burst causing cell death
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Chapter 4Mitochondria• Cellular respiration -converts food
into energy• Cell “Powerhouse”• Number of mitochondria depends upon the
function of the cell– Ex: muscles cells have more mitochondria than
fat cells
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Centriole
• Help with cell reproduction
• Only found in animal cells
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Plastids – Color pigments of cells
• Examples:– Chloroplast – Located in plant cells, some
bacteria, and protists.• Capture light energy to produce and store food• Contain chlorophyll-green pigment that traps
light energy
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• Cytoskeleton – tiny fibers that give structure and support to the cell.– Microfilament- thin
and tubular…support the cell membrane.
– Microtubule- thick and tubular also branched. Act as “rails” on which materials move through the cell.
Features Common to Cells:
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Cilia and Flagella• Aid in movement
and feeding• Composed of
microtubules• Cilia-short,
numerous hair-like projections that move in a wavelike motion
• Flagella-long, whip-like projections
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Cell wall• Rigid outer
covering PLANT CELLS
• Located outside the cell membrane
• Provides support and protection
• Helps produce turgor pressure
•
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Animal Cell
Plant Cell
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Plant cell vs. Animal Cell
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Plant vs Animal cells• Animal Cell vs. Plant cell
– Animal Cell • DO contain centrioles. • DO NOT contain a cell wall or plastids.
– Plant Cell • DO contain a cell wall, plastids, and a
large central vacuole.
• DO NOT contain centrioles