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Cell Structure

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Page 1: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Cell Structure

Page 2: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Cell Theory

States the following:

1. All organisms are made up of cells (one or more)

2. All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

3. All cells are essentially the same in chemical composition

Page 3: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryoticcells

Page 4: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Prokaryote vs. EukaryoteProkaryote Eukaryote

No nucleus Nucleus

No membrane bound organelles

Membrane bound organelles

Only bacteria All other cells

Evolved 3.5 billion ya Evolved 1.5 billion ya

About 1-10 micrometers in size

About 2-1000 micrometers in size

Can live w/out oxygen Requires oxygen to live

Page 5: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Components of an Animal Cell

Page 6: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Components of a Plant Cell

Page 7: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)
Page 8: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Elodea cells

Page 9: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Onion cells stained

Page 10: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Cheek cells

Page 11: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

We will use the following analogy…• Think of the cell as a city

Page 12: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Let’s Start from the Inside…The Nucleus (Animal and Plant Cells

A &P)

The Central Command Center

Information (DNA)

Page 13: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Ribosomes-factories• Ribosomes

- Each cell contains thousands- Miniature 'protein factories'- Composes 25% of cell's mass- Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum- Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm

Page 14: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Rough/Smooth ER and Ribosomes (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)

• Where proteins and lipids are made

• Some molecular traffic directed by ER

Internal transport systems

City streets

Page 15: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Golgi Bodies (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)

• Packages cell proteins & lipids

• For cellular export

Post Office

Page 16: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Mitochondria (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)

• Produces energy (ATP) for the cell to use

Power Plant

Page 17: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Chloroplasts (only in Plant Cells)

• Where photosynthesis occurs

• Sugars are made

A secondary Power Plant

solar cells (only in plants)

Page 18: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Lysosome (Animal and Plant Cells A &P, Mostly Animal)

• Uses digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules

Garbage Dump

Treatment plant

Page 19: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Vacuoles (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)

• Fluid filled space, used for storage, digestion, water retention (in plants)

Warehouse

Page 20: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Cytoplasm or Cytosol (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)

• Mainly water, forms the “body” of the cell

Air of the city

Page 21: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Cytoskeleton (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)

• Aid in cell movement (actin)

• Also help in protein/lipid movement inside the cell (microtubules) and cell support

Support rods

Page 22: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Cell Wall (only in Plant Cells)

• Provide rigidity for structure and support

• Contains cellulose

Outer Wall

Page 23: Cell Structure. Cell Theory States the following: 1.All organisms are made up of cells (one or more) 2.All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)

Membrane Structure

• Fluid like


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