Cell Structure

Chemicals of Life

Nature of Molecules

Evidence of Evolution

Science of Biology

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Explain the properties of life.

Order-all organisms are composed of one or more cells; Sensitivity- respond to stimuli;

Growth & development- all organisms grow and develop and pass hereditary material to

offspring; Regulation- coordinate internal functions; Homeostasis- maintain constant

internal conditions

Explain inductive and deductive reasoning

Inductive- specific observations to construct general science principlesDeductive- using general

science principles to explain specific results

What is the scientific method?

1.Ask a question2.Form a hypothesis

3.Perform an experiment4.Make a prediction

5.Gather data 6.Form conclusions

What is the theory of evolution? (include natural selection

Evolution is generation to generation change in a

species; natural selection is the process by which it

happens

Explain the evidence of evolution

1.Fossils- remains of organisms2.Homologous structure- structures that the same origin, but different

function3.Analogous structures- structures

with the same function, but different origin

4.Development- comparing embryos5.Molecular biology- comparing DNA

What are the forms for evidence for evolution?

1.Fossils2.Homologous structures3.Analogous structures

4.Molecular biology 5.Vestigial structures

What is the fossil record?

Collective record of preserved remains of once living organisms

Define natural selection

The process by which the environment chooses the organisms that are most

suited to survive

Define artificial selection

Favoring individuals with certain phenotypic traits

and allowing them to reproduce

Explain Darwin’s critics and arguments

1.Evolution not solidly demonstrated2.No fossil intermediates

3.Intelligent design 4.Violates 2nd law of

thermodynamics5.Proteins too improbable

6.N.S. does not imply evolution7.The irreducible complexity

argument

What is matter? What is an atom?

Matter is anything that has

mass and takes up space; atoms are the basic unit of matter

What are the properties of water?

1.Polar2.Cohesion3.Adhesion

4.High specific heat5.Heat of vaporization

6.Universal solvent7.Surface tension

Discuss the three subatomic particles

1.Protons- (+) in the nucleus2.Neutrons- neutral, in the

nucleus3.Electrons- (-); in orbitals

outside the nucleus

Define elements and isotopes

Elements- substance made up of one type of

atomIsotope- element that has

a different number of neutrons

Discuss chemical bonding

Ionic- transfer of electrons from one atom

to anotherCovalent- sharing of

electrons between atoms

What are organic compounds?

Organic compounds have carbon to hydrogen

bonds

What are carbohydrates? Discuss types

Carbs are composed of sugars

Mono- single sugarsDi- double sugars

Poly- starches

Discuss proteins

Organic compounds composed of amino acids. Have a defined shape: primary, secondary.

tertiary and quantenary

What are lipids

Organic compounds that do not dissolve in water.

Composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Can be solid or liquid at

room temp

Discuss nucleic acids

Organic compounds composed nucleotides

(5 carbon sugar, phosphate group,

nitrogen base)

What are cell structures that cells have in

common?

1.Cell membrane2.Genetic material

3.Cytoplasm

What is the cell theory?

1.All living things are composed of cells

2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function

3.Cells come from pre-existing cells

What is a TEM and a SEM?

Transmission electron microscope- gives detail of inside the cell

Scanning electron microscope- gives a 3D image of surface of

cells

What is the endosymbiont theory?

One prokaryote engulfed another and they began to benefit each other. Gave rise to the first

eukaryote

How do cells move?

1.Flagella2.Cilia

3.pseudopods