cell theory 1. all organisms are composed of cells 2. cells are the smallest unit of life capable of...
DESCRIPTION
Types of cells 2. Eukaryotic cells Nucleus and complex membranous organelles Includes all animal cells, plant cells, fungi cells, ProtozoaTRANSCRIPT
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Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of cells2. Cells are the smallest unit of life
capable of self maintenance, and self replication
3. All living cells are produced by preexisting cells
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Types of cells
1. Prokaryotic cells:• No nucleus or internal membranous
organelles• Small cells • In the domains Bacteria and Archaea
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Types of cells
2. Eukaryotic cells• Nucleus and complex membranous
organelles• Includes all animal cells, plant cells,
fungi cells, Protozoa
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•All eukaryotic cells have generally similar organelles.
•There are a few important differences that are described below.
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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.14 A typical animal cell.
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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.14 A typical animal cell.
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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.1a A eukaryotic animal cell.
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Plasma (Cell) Membrane
• A boundary between the cell and the environment• Two layers of phospholipids• Selectively permeable
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Cell Membrane
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Nucleus
• Nucleus – control center of the cell• DNA (genetic material) is located inside
of the nucleus• Nucleoli (inside nucleus) produce
ribosomes
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Cytoplasm
• Cytosol-gel like substance• Organelles-carry out specific
functions
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Organelles - 1
• Ribosomes – Make proteins. May be attached to RER or floating free in the cytosol
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) -An array of tubules in the cytoplasm. Modifies and transport proteins
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Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
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Organelles - 2
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - involved in the synthesis of lipids. Lacks ribosomes
• The Golgi Complex - Array of flattened sacs. Packages proteins in vesicles for transport outside or inside the cell
• Vesicles - transport proteins between compartments
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The Golgi Complex
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Organelles - 3
• Mitochondria - • Powerhouse of the cell• Site of aerobic cellular respiration, which
releases energy from sugar
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Mitochondria
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Organelles - 4
• Lysosomes - Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes. Break down old cell parts
• Cytoskeleton - The “skeleton” of the cell. Consists of microtubules and microfilaments
• Vacuoles - Large membranous bubbles which store substances inside the cell
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Only in animal cells
Centrioles• Paired structures composed of microtubules• They form the mitotic spindle during cell
division
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Only in plant cells
• Cell wall – rigid structure outside the cell membrane, provides support to the cell
• Central vacuole - fluid filled cavity• Chloroplasts – Contains the green pigment
chlorophyll. Convert sunlight into carbohydrates
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Plant cell
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Aggregations of cells
• Tissue - a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function
• Organ - two or more tissues cooperating to perform a certain life support function
• Organ System-a group of organs working together to perform a general life support function
• Organism