CELLS

2 Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic (Bacteria)• Eukaryotic (Plant & Animal)

• Both contain Organelles

Nucleus

• Has nuclear envelope with pores to allow materials to pass in and out

• DNA is inside in the form of chromatins• Ribosomes are made in the center of the

nucleus in the nucleolus.

Cytoskeleton

• The inside of the cell • Network of fibers• Support and movement

Ribosomes

• Made in the nucleolus• Found in the cytoplasm• Found on the endoplasmic reticulum• Ribosomes make protein

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Rough because of Ribosomes on the surface• Makes products for the cells like packaging

proteins to be sent off• The rough ER buds off transport vesicles to

ship to other parts of the cells

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Make lipids (fats) and steroids• Make enzymes

Golgi Apparatus

• Receives packages from ER• Finishes the packages and stores them• Distributes the packages • Like UPS Man

Lysosomes

• Sac of digestive enzymes • Break down macromolecules

Mitochondrion

• Where the glucose is broken down into energy• Cellular Respiration • Powerhouse of the cell• Has membrane• Looks like a bacteria• Has own DNA

Cilia & Flagella

• Propels cells through liquids • Cilia is many

Centrioles

• Microtubules (protein) that grow spindle fibers that divide the chromosomes in cell division

Cellular Membrane

• Selectively permeable, barrier• Made of Phospholipids (Bilayer) and Proteins

• Tight junctions allows cells to be leak proof• Anchoring junctions attach cells to cells• Communicating junctions are channels that

allow water and food to be shared, as well as chemical messages to be sent

Cells Communicate by Junctions

Cell Wall

• In Plant cells only• Protects• Maintains Shape• Restrains the cell from absorbing too much

H2O

Vacuole

• In Plant Cells• Has membrane• Like a holding tank of fluid• Gives cells their shape

Chloroplasts

• In Plant Cells• Perform photosynthesis• Convert CO2 to water and the sun’s energy

into glucose and O2