CELLS

ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE:

• Organization• Ability to grow and develop• Respond to environment• Reproduce

2 TYPES OF CELLS

• Eukaryotic• Prokaryotic

EUKARYOTIC

• Multicellular

• Genetic Material is inside the nucleus (organelle)

PROKARYOTIC

• Unicellular• Genetic material is inside the cytoplasm

WHAT IS THIS GENETIC MATERIAL?

• Allows cells to reproduce

CELL THEORY

• Cells come from other living cells• Every living cell is made up of one or more cells• Cells carry out the functions needed to support

the organism

MICROSCOPES

• Allow us to see inside the cell

• The invention of the microscope lead to the discovery of cells and cell theory (Hooke and Leeuwenhoek)

2 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES

ELECTRON MICROSCOPES

• An electron microscope runs a beam of electrons that bounces into a detector• SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) • 3D images• .00002 mm

• TEM ( Transmission Electron Microscope)• 2D .00002mm

USEFUL INFORMATION

• The first electron microscope was invented by Ernst Ruska

• He knew light microscopes were limited to the wavelength of lights

LIGHT MICROSCOPE

• .2 mm• A light microscope uses lenses to bend light into

your eye

LOUIS PASTURE

• Spontaneous Generation:• Cells can grow from non living matter• Is he right?

ORGANELLES

• Any part of the cell enclosed in the cell membrane

GENETIC INFORMATION

• Nucleus- Holds Genetic information in a Eukaryotic• Cytoplasm- Contains the genes in a prokaryotic

cell

CELL WALL

• Tough outer covering that lies just outside and protects the cell

• Only found in Plant cells

CELL MEMBRANE

• Boundary between cytoplasm and outside of the cell

PROCESSING INFORMATION

• Nucleus – the largest organelle in the cell it contains information the cell needs to function

• Some information Is transferred from the nucleus to the ribosomes. The ribosomes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm.• The ribosomes uses information to build proteins.

PROVIDES ENERGY

• Chloroplasts in a plant cell, photosynthesis

• Mitochondria-organelles that use oxygen to get energy from processed food, cellular respiration

STORAGE, WASTE, RECYCLING

• Lysosomes-contain chemicals that break down nutrients (animal cell)

• Vacuole- Plant cell, gives the cell what it needs and stores what the cell doesn’t need.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Where Proteins are made, but it doesn’t complete the job or making proteins, instead it sends the information to be finished by the Golgi-Apparatus.

3 DOMAINS

• Bacteria• Archea• Eukarya