Cells and Heredity

Unit Review

The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

to form sex cells is called

A. protein synthesis

B. heredity

C. meiosis

D. probability

What does it mean to be codominant?

A. one trait shows up more frequently than the other

B. one trait shows up less frequently than the other

C. both traits show up equally as often

D. neither trait shows up

What is an organism’s phenotype?

A. physical appearance

B. genetic make-up

C. allele combination

D. probability of occurring

What is an organism’s genotype?

A. physical appearance

B. genetic make-up

C. allele combination

D. probability of occurring

What is a word that describes an allele who’s trait always shows up

in an organism?

A. gene

B. dominant allele

C. recessive allele

D. hereditary factor

Which of the following best defines a trait?

A. a change in a gene or chromosome

B. something passed on from parent to offspring

C. a difference between individuals of a same species

D. two identical alleles

What is it called when an organism has two different alleles for a trait?

A. heterozygous

B. mutation

C. homozygous

D. genotype

What controls traits?

A. alleles

B. sugars

C. proteins

D. ribosomes

What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?

A. evolution

B. heredity

C. selective breeding

D. mutation

What does it mean to be homozygous?

A. two of the same alleles

B. two different alleles

C. missing alleles

D. extra alleles

Which of the following is an example of a scientific theory?

A. absolute dating

B. fossil record

C. evolution

D. overproduction

Which of the following is used by scientists to determine evolutionary

relationships?

A. Homologous structures

B. DNA sequences

C. similarities in early development

D. All of the above

An adaptation is any trait that helps an organism

A. survive and reproduce

B. fight better

C. overproduce variations

D. become larger and larger

One of the main ways by which new species form is through

A. geographic isolation

B. continental drift

C. genetic similarities

D. movement between islands

Evolution occurs by means of a process called

A. selective breeding

B. hybridization

C. adaptation

D. natural selection

Any difference between individuals of the same species is called

A. inconsistency

B. variation

C. accidental

D. selective breeding

Only traits that are _____ can be acted upon by natural selection.

A. learned

B. inherited

C. traded

D. unused

Related species have similar body structures because they inherited the same genes from a common

A. mother

B. offspring

C. sibling

D. ancestor

Individual factors that control the inheritance of traits are called:

A. forms

B. alleles

C. heterozygous

D. genes

This type of plant will produce offspring that have the same form

of trait as the parent.

A. hybrid

B. unique

C. homozygous

D. purebred

The study of heredity is called:

A. geology

B. biology

C. astrology

D. genetics

This type of gene is expressed only if there is not a dominant gene

present in the allele pair.

A. dominant

B. homozygous

C. heterozygous

D. recessive

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A. 20

B. 32

C. 46

D. 54

How many chromosomes does each sex cell have (sperm or egg)?

A. 20

B. 32

C. 23

D. 46

Genes are located on chromosomes which are passed on from parent to

offspring. What theory is this?

A. Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

B. Punnett Square Theory

C. Theory of Evolution

D. Probability Theory

According to Darwin, organisms change over time through _____, where species are more likely to survive because of adaptations.

A. dominant genes

B. quick change

C. evolution

D. inbreeding

Similar structures in related species that were inherited from a common

ancestor are called _____.

A. homozygous

B. homologous

C. heterozygous

D. matching

Scientists combine evidence for evolution by creating a _______.

A. Punnett Square

B. Family tree

C. Concept Map

D. Branching Tree

Name the 4 ways that organisms are “naturally selected”

A. choice

B. competition

C. variations

D. selection

E. artificial selection

F. overproduction

G. DNA