cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things
TRANSCRIPT
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Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
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How How small are small are
cells?cells?
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Some Random Cell Facts
• The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!
• It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “i”
WOW!!!
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What are What are “Organelles“Organelles
””??
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Organelles of the Animal Cell• Ribosomes
• Chromosomes• Nucleus• Vacuole
• Cytoplasm• Cell Membrane
• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Mitochondria
• Lysosome• Golgi apparatus
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All Cells•Have organelles
•Cell Membrane
•Cytoplasm
•DNA
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CELL MEMBRANE-
IN PLANT CELLS- found just inside the cell wall.
IN ANIMAL CELLS – It is the outer covering of the cell.
It has tiny openings or pores that control the movement in and out of the cell.
It is selectively permeable.
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Cytoplasm
• Region between the nucleus and cell membrane
– Clear, thick jelly-like substance
– Constantly moving
– Contains many important organelles
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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
•Found in all cells
•Carries genetic(hereditary) information
•Controls activities of the cell
•Usually found in nucleus
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Plant and Animal Cells
Jane Horstmann
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Plant or animal cell?How can you tell?
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This is an animal cell because _______________.
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More pictures of cells
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Two Kinds of Cells
•Prokaryotic: without a nucleus
•Eukaryotic: with a nucleus
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Prokaryotes•Single cell, without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
•Most common - Bacteria
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Eukaryotic•All protists are eukaryotes
most are unicellular•Multicellular – many cells•Can see with your eye•Animals, Plants•Fungi – mushrooms and
yeast
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Cell Structures, Functions and
Transport
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
1. Nucleus
– Nickname: “The Control Center”
– Function: holds the DNA– Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in
the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
2. Ribosomes– Function: makes proteins
• Grain like
• Made by the nucleolus
• Made of RNA (ribonucleic acid)
– RNA –directs the production of protiens. This is controlled by DNA
– Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic– Location: endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)– Nickname: “Roads”– Function: Transport system that
carries proteins throughout the cell. • tubular • leading out from the nuclear
membrane throughout the cell.• May go out to the cell membrane
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic ReticulumDELIVERY SYSTEM OF THE CELL
2 Types:
1.Rough ER:
–Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
–Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes
2.Smooth ER:
–NO ribosomes
–Function: makes fats or lipids
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
4. Golgi Complex– Nickname: The shippers
– Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
– Appearance: stack of pancakes
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
5. Lysosomes: small and circular, but bigger than ribosomes
– Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
– Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
– Common in animal cells but rare in plant cells
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
6. Mitochondria– Nickname: “The Powerhouse”– Function: Supplies most of the energy for the cell
• Breaks down food (glucose) into water and carbon dioxide, which releases energy. This is called respiration
– stores energy– more active a cell is the more mitochondria it will have– Has small amount of DNA. Scientist believe they were
once free living organisms that invaded the cell millions of years ago.
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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• Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
7. Vacuoles
– Function: stores water
• This is what makes lettuce crisp
– When there is no water, the plant wilts
– Plants often have one or two very large ones
– Animals have small and few
– Act as storage tanks for food, water, materials needed by the cell, and waste products.
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
8. Chloroplasts– Function: traps energy from the sun to produce
food for the plant cell
– Process is called photosynthesis
• Equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water Glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
– Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
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Chloroplasts
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
9. Cell Wall– Function: strong, rigid; made of
cellulose, provides support and protection to the cell membrane, allows materials (carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and other dissolved materials) to pass in and out
– Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells
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Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
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How Are They Different?Plant Cell
• cell wall and cell membrane
• rectangular shape • large vacuole• makes glucose
– contains chloroplasts - which make chlorophyll - which is used for photosynthesis
Animal Cell
• cell membrane
• oval or round shape
• small vacuoles
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Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal