cells class ix by prabhat gaurav
TRANSCRIPT
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Cell - Cell - Structure Structure
and and FunctionsFunctions
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CellsCells
• Smallest living unitSmallest living unit• Most are Most are
microscopicmicroscopic
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Discovery of Cells Robert HookeRobert Hooke
Observed sliver of corkObserved sliver of corkSaw “row of empty boxes”Saw “row of empty boxes”Coined the term cellCoined the term cell
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Characteristics of All Characteristics of All CellsCells
A surrounding membraneA surrounding membrane Protoplasm – cell contents in thick fluidProtoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid Organelles – structures for cell functionOrganelles – structures for cell function Control center with DNAControl center with DNA
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Cell TypesCell Types
• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic Cells
• First cell type on earth• Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
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Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleusNo membrane bound nucleus Nucleoside = region of DNA concentrationNucleoside = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranesOrganelles not bound by membranes
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Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic CellsNucleus bound by membraneNucleus bound by membraneInclude fungi, protists, plant, Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cellsand animal cellsPossess many organellesPossess many organelles
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Animal Cell
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Plant CellPlant Cell
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Organelles Cellular machinery Cellular machinery Two general kindsTwo general kinds
• Derived from membranesDerived from membranes• Bacteria-like organellesBacteria-like organelles
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Cell Walls►Found in plants, fungi, & many protistsFound in plants, fungi, & many protists►Surrounds plasma membraneSurrounds plasma membrane
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Cell Wall Differences Plants – mostly cellulosePlants – mostly cellulose Fungi – contain chitinFungi – contain chitin
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Cytoplasm Viscous fluid containing organellesViscous fluid containing organelles components of cytoplasmcomponents of cytoplasm
Interconnected filaments & fibers Interconnected filaments & fibers Organelles (not nucleus)Organelles (not nucleus) storage substancesstorage substances
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NucleusNucleus
Control center of Control center of cellcell
Double membraneDouble membrane
Contains Contains – ChromosomesChromosomes– Nucleolus Nucleolus
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NucleolusMost cells have 2 or moreMost cells have 2 or moreDirects synthesis of RNADirects synthesis of RNAForms ribosomesForms ribosomes
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Vacuoles
Membrane bound storage sacs More common in plants than animals Contents
– Water– Food– wastes
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Bacteria-Like Organelles
Release & store energy
Types Mitochondria (release energy) Chloroplasts (store energy)
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ChloroplastsDerived form photosynthetic bacteriaSolar energy capturing organelle
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Photosynthesis Takes place in the chloroplast Makes cellular food – glucose
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