cellular market

8/14/2019 Cellular Market

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Koilpillai/Aug 2003/ Wireless Opportunities-Challenges 1 WiNGS 2003 PresentationIITM Proprietary Information

TeNeT GroupIIT Madras

Opportunities and Challenges in WirelessAn India-centric Perspective

Pr esented by

R. David KoilpillaiTeNeT Group, EE Department, IIT Madras

WiNGS 2003Trivandrum, 23 August 2003
http://ewh.ieee.org/r10/kerala/http://ewh.ieee.org/r10/kerala/http://ewh.ieee.org/r10/kerala/http://ewh.ieee.org/r10/kerala/http://ewh.ieee.org/r10/kerala/


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Wireless in the Media Mobile Internet - convergence of cellular and Internet

WLL technology ...GSM, GPRS, cdma2000, IMT-2000, 3G ...

Cellular phones with colour displays, cameras,

Wireless subscribers will exceed the wired subscribers

The promise of 4G systems ...


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Wireless in the Media Mobile Internet - convergence of cellular and Internet

WLL technology ...

GSM, GPRS, cdma2000, IMT-2000, 3G ...

Cellular phones with colour displays, cameras,

Wireless subscribers will exceed the wired subscribers

The promise of 4G systems ...

Telecom meltdown

Investments in 3G licenses

Cellular operators struggling financially

Telecom manufacturers in crisis ...

Rollout of 3G delayed


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TeNeT GroupIIT MadrasCellular Evolution Timeline

1G ( AMPS, NMT, TACS , ) 1981Analogue cellular systems

2G ( GSM, IS-54, PDC, cdmaOne ) 1991Digital cellular Digital voice, low-speed circuit data ( 9.6 Kbps ), SMS

2.5G ( GPRS, cdmaOne ) 1999 - 00Introduction of packet dataImproved voice, medium speed CS and PS data (~ 100 Kbps ), enhanced SMS

3G ( WCDMA, cdma2000 (1X, 3X), EDGE , ) 2002 - 03Meet IMT-2000 requirementsImproved voice quality, high speed PS data ( 384Kbps - 2 Mbps )Improved spectral efficiency and capacityMultimedia applications


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GSM Situation Globally

Groupe Spcial Mobile Global System for Mobile Comm.Currently 474 networks in 190 countries

Frequency bands (MHz) - 450, 850, 900, 1800, 1900

Very rapid growth in subscribers (~ 863 M May 03)GPRS in commercial operation

Service: Commercial - 206, many in testing/ implementation phase GPRS in India Idea, BPL, Hutch , Escotel, Bharti, Fascel, Spice ...

GSM global footprint with American operators migrating to GSM/GPRSGSM history

1991 Introduction of GSM1997 GPRS Packet data support in GSM1999 EDGE, WCDMA specification (evolution to 3G)2002-03 Commercial deployment of UMTS, EDGE


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Evolution of Cellular StandardsCellular standards updated annually

New features / enhancements introducedSpecifications open for continued evolution

Some key GSM features Rel 97 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Rel 98 Adaptive Multirate (AMR) Speech Codec Rel 99 Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)

Quality of Service (QoS) Support Rel 00 (Rel 4) GSM + UMTS specification Rel 5 (2001) - UMTS QoS mechanisms

All cellular standards are continually evolvingComparing features - need to specify version of standard


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Cellular Evolution

I S - 1 3 6

G S M3G systems must meet IMT-2000 requirements (ITU)

WCDMA

ExistingSpectrum

NewSpectrum(UMTS band)

ExistingSpectrum


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IMT-2000: An Historical PerspectiveFocus on global personal communications (start 1986)Formerly FPLMTS - 230 MHz allocated WARC 92

1885-2025 MHz (Uplink), 2110-2200 MHz (Downlink)Wide range of services (voice, data, multi-media)A family of radio interfaces

Universal coverage and seamless roamingRequirements for different operating environments

Environment Max Bitrate Max Speed Cell Size

Rural outdoor 144 Kbps 500 Km/h Macro

Suburban outdoor 384 Kbps 120 Km/h Macro/Micro

Indoor 2.048 Mbps 10 Km/h Micro/Pico


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GSM Today

TDMA system with 200 KHz channelization

8 time-slots per carrier

Superior voice quality using AMR vocoder

Circuit switched data using HSCSD up to 64 Kbps

Packet switched data using GPRS up to 21.4 Kbps per slot ~ 85 Kbps using 4 time slots (multi-slot operation)

High speed packet data using EGPRS/EDGE (384 Kbps)

Supports MMS - Multimedia Messaging (audio/video clips)

Supports QoS for audio/video streaming applicationsGSM is evolving toward 3G


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TeNeT GroupIIT MadrasKey Air Interface Aspects

WCDMA, cdma2000 and EDGE

Error control coding to maximize performance Turbo coding

Higher level modulation for increased payload

Link adaptation of coding and modulation

Transmission to user with best channel condition maximises capacity

Employ robust source coding (AMR, )

Interference mitigation techniques crucial for UL and DL Use fast power control (WCDMA 1500 updates/sec, step

Enhanced demodulation/decoding methods (iterative)

Exploit different forms of diversity Space, frequency, time Use channel state feedback, if available


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TeNeT GroupIIT MadrasApplications/Services

Type Rate (kbps) Connection Mode

Voice 8 - 16 Circuit Symmetric

Unified Messaging(email, fax, SMS)

9.6 - 64 Packet Asymmetric

Information Access 128 - 384 Packet Asymmetric

Computer Conferencing 48 - 144 Circuit/Packet Symmetric

Video, Images 128 - 384 Circuit/Packet Asymmetric

Video conferencing (H.323) Audio coding G.711 (64 Kbps), G.722 (64/56/48), G.728 (16), G.729 (8) Video coding H.261 (64 Kbps CBR)

Audio streaming - MP3 64 Kbps/ 128 Kbps (CBR), MIDI, MPEG4 AACVideo streaming MPEG4, H.263

Multimedia content, asymmetric, packet-oriented


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TeNeT GroupIIT MadrasInterference

A 3

C 3

C 1

B 2

D 1

D 2

B 1

B 3

D 3

C 2

A 1

A 2

C 1

C 3

A 3

B 2

D 1

Frequency ReuseGSM 3/9 reuse with FH

frequency planning

cdma2000 1:1 reuse power planning

GSM: Two types of interference - CCI and ACI No intracell interference

CDMA: Two types of interference intracell and intercellAll cellular systems are interference limitedInterference mitigation is crucial


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TeNeT GroupIIT MadrasLink Budget

p s f t L L L P P +++= min (all in dB)

P t

Minimizing link margins key to optimized cell engineerin gKey challenge of 2.5G and 3G systems


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TeNeT GroupIIT MadrasImpact of 3G

Wireless applications are driving technologies in multiple industries DSP, VLSI, Software, CAD (simulation)

Impact on DSP industry is very significant

TIs highest performance DSP TMS320C6416

Targeted for 3G cellular basestation600 MHz speed with 8x32-bit instructions per cycle 4800 MIPS

Two HW coprocessors Viterbi decoder and Turbo decoder Capable of handling between 350 voice channels (AMR)

28 data channels @ 384 Kbps per channel

First digital cellular phones had DSPs with 50 MIPS (1993) 100X improvement in 10 years !!


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WAP 1.0

The de facto worldwidestandard for Internet accesson wireless terminals

Cell phones, PDAs, License-free standard Current version is WAP 2.0 (first version WAP 1.0 1998)

Scaleable across bearers -GPRS, IS-95, WCDMA , ...

WAP2.0 - proxy not needed,but offers enhancement


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TeNeT GroupIIT MadrasMultimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

MMS enables rich multimedia content Audio, image, video

MMS built on framework of SMS, WAP

MMS-capable phones being introduced into market

MMS supported on GSM/GPRS and cdma2000 infrastructure

Recipient

WAPgateway

MMSC

SMSC

Push proxy

gatewayOriginator

WAP Post WAP Get

WAP PUSHWAP PUSH
http://www.sonyericsson.com/imaging/en/technologies/


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TeNeT GroupIIT Madrasi-Mode

By NTT DoCoMoStart Feb 1999Rapid subscriber growth

36 M (Apr 2003) Entertainment, Information

access, Database, Transactions

Consolidation of WAP Forum and Open Mobile Architecture Initiative Wireless village, SyncML, Location Interoperability Forum (LIF), ...

OMA will enable: location, gaming, web services, m-commerce


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Coopetition

= Cooperation + Competition

Cooperation - to set global standardCompetition - products & services


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China and KoreaChina

Worlds largest cellular market (fastest growing) > 200 M cellular subscribers - 86 M (2000), 200M (2002)

All major cellular standards / technologies present GSM, cdmaOne, GPRS, cdma2000, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA,

Significant investment - indigenous R&D in cellular, standardizationStrong domestic support for indigenous technologies TD-SCDMA

KoreaDecision to invest in cdmaOne technologyLeveraged traditional strength in manufacturingRapid growth of domestic market ( > 30 M subs, Penetration ~ 65%)Focus on Global market (Key players Samsung, LG Electronics)

Aggressive introduction of new technologies in CDMA phones

Focus on 3G deployment. Initiated 4G activities


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India - GSMGSM technology is widely present

Rapid growth in subscribers (slow compared to China) 2.78 M (2000), 10.48 M (2002)Many of the advanced features of GSM not yet deployed

pre Release97 phase Commercial GPRS service available only in very few markets

Limited spectrum availability

Significant room for enhancements Capacity, performance

Leverages the global volumes of GSM GSM and GSM derivatives very attractive for Indian market

GSM/GPRS utilizes all features introduced into WCDMASupports all 3G applications


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India - WLLWireless local loop eliminate Copper wiring between subscriber and localexchange

Significant reduction in access cost

WLL systems - provide wireline voice and Internet accessTwo technologies being deployed

cdma2000 (Reliance, Tata, Bharti, Shyam, Essar, BSNL/MTNL) corDECT (Midas, Reliance, Tata, BSNL, Shyam)

cdma2000 is a full-featured 3G cellular system WLL (limited mobility) will not fully utilize the features of cdma2000 Good voice quality, enhanced data capabilities, attractive applications Capacity fully exploited thro accurate power control Effective for non-contiguous geographical coverage

corDECT cost-effective for sparse user density areasWLL a key part of increasing teledensity in India

Currently teledensity is 2.6%. Target 15% by 2010


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21.2

15.8

12.8

5.8

3.22.0

0.8 0.3 0.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

80 150 220 290 420 630 1040 1560 3730

monthly household income in $

m i l l i o n

h o u s e

Monthly telecom expenditure (assuming 4% income can be spent on telecom)Rs 160 300 440 600 850 1250 2100 3100 7500

India MarketInformation compiled by Prof. Jhunjhunwala

60%Urbanhouseholds canspend< Rs 300p.m. on Telecom low ARPU

75%ofrural households canspend


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India Wireless ChallengeIndia has a market size comparable to China

Currently, growth rate and penetration significantly lower

Multiple alternatives to wireless access GSM for cellular cdma2000 and corDECT for WLL

Both systems (cellular and WLL) provide similar services Competition is healthy Government needs to ensure level-playing field

Regulatory, tariffs, spectrum,

Focus: subscriber growth, affordability, quality, enhanced applications, coverage availability

Develop R&D base for wireless technologies Leverage strength in software Cost-effective technologies for global market

Need to achieve significant increase in teledensity


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Wireless Next Generation Initiative

Goal: Put India on the global wireless map for next generationIndia Next Generation Wireless Initiative

Initiated by Govt. of India - Ministry of Communications and IT

Academia / Industry / Government joint effortBeing coordinated / led by IITM

Prof. A. Jhunjhunwala is Chairman

Key inputs to investigations User requirements, Cost models Technology assessment

Identify core group of experts in wireless Involve international participants

Identify list of activities and priorities Build on core competencies in India

Lessons from China, Korea (role in 3G)


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TeNeT GroupIIT MadrasSummary

An exciting phase - migration to 3G Cellular, WLL, WLAN, Wireless data Significant growth phase for India

New applications (MMS, WAP, i-Mode, M-Commerce)

New technologies in cell phones (colour LCDs, cameras )

Network optimization (radio resources) is crucial

Cost and teledensity are key factors for Indian market

Convergence of Internet and Mobile Telephony Always Connected, Always Online, Wirelessly


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My best wishes for the success of WiNGS 2003


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Koilpillai/Aug 2003/ Wireless Opportunities-Challenges 31 WiNGS 2003 Presentation


My best wishes for the success of WiNGS 2003

Thank You ...

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