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Page 1: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Cellular Processes

Page 2: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Homeostasis

• The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium.– Maintain – “keep”– Internal – “inside”– Equilibrium – “stable or balanced”

Page 3: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Why is maintaining homeostasis in our body important?

Why is it important for cells to maintain homeostasis?

Page 4: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Cell Membrane

• The “gateway” of the cell.• It regulates what goes in and what comes

out.• Thus is important in understanding how a

cell regulates homeostasis.

Page 5: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

A Closer Look at the Cell Membrane

Phosphate head

Fatty Tails

2 layers

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg
Page 6: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Phospholipid Bilayer

Why is the cell membrane also

called the phospholipid

bilayer?

Page 7: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

How does the Phospholipid bilayer help maintain homeostasis?

• The membrane is selectively permeable.– “selects some substances to cross but not

others”

NO ENTRYENTER

Page 8: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

How “things” get selected to come into and out of the cell…

DIFFUSION

OSMOSIS

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Page 9: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

DIFFUSION

• Movement of particles from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration.

• Cell does not use energy to do this.• Diffusion stops when the two areas are equal.

(homeostasis)• FACILITATED Diffusion

– diffusion of large molecules through protein channels

Page 10: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

OSMOSIS

• Diffusion of water• 3 types of solutions drive the force of

osmosis– Hypertonic solution (higher concentration of

solute that water)– Hypotonic solution ( lower concentration of

solute than water)– Isotonic solution (solute has same

concentration as water)

Page 11: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Osmosis

• 3 types of solutions drive the force of osmosis

Page 12: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Active Transport

• The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient. – Therefore it requires energy.– Energy is in the cell is called ATP

ATPRequiresEnergy

Page 13: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Types of Active Transport

• Endosytosis – “into the cell”– Phagosytosis – “cell eating”

• EX) White blood cells eat invading bacterial cells

– Pinocytosis – “cell drinking”

Page 14: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

And how do cells let it out…

“Exit the cell”

Page 15: Cellular Processes. Homeostasis The ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium. –Maintain – “keep” –Internal – “inside” –Equilibrium – “stable

Latin Roots• Phago – to eat• Pino – to drink• Exo – exit• Endo – enter• Iso – same/equal• Hyper – high• Hypo – low• Cyto – cell• Bi – two• Homeo - same


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