censorship of the internet
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Internet censorship is control or suppression ofthe publishing or accessing of information onthe Internet.
Political Reasons: This category is focused primarily on Web sites that express views in opposition to those of the current government. Content more broadly related to human rights, freedom of expression, minority rights, and religious movements is also considered here.
Social Reasons: This category covers material related to sexuality, gambling, and illegal drugs and alcohol, as well as other topics that may be socially sensitive or perceived as offensive.
Conflict/Security Reasons: Content related to armed conflicts, border disputes, separatist movements, and militant groups is included in this category.
Source: OpenNet Initiative. <http://opennet.net/research/map>.
ChinaNorth KoreaIranSyriaVietnam BurmaPakistanSaudi ArabiaUzbekistanKazakhstan
Inciting to resist or breaking the Constitution or laws or the implementation of administrative regulations
Inciting to overthrow the government or the socialist system
Inciting division of the country, harming national unification
Inciting hatred or discrimination among nationalities or harming the unity of the nationalities
Making falsehoods or distorting the truth, spreading rumors, destroying the order of society
Promoting feudal superstitions, sexually suggestive material, gambling, violence, murder
Terrorism or inciting others to criminal activity; openly insulting other people or distorting the truth to slander people
Injuring the reputation of state organs
Other activities against the Constitution, laws or administrative regulations
Websites required to employ people who monitor and delete objectionable content
Others are paid to “guide” bulletin board web exchanges in the governments favor
30,000+ Internet Police allow for critical comments made on blogs or internet forums to be deleted in minutes
Infractions punishable by large fines and/or prison time
Source: OpenNet Initiative. <http://opennet.net/research/map>.
United StatesCanadaGermanyAustraliaBrazilSwedenItalyPeruArgentina
History of banning offensive internet material› 2002 – The Holocaust› 2006 – John Howard apology
Australian Labor Party introduced a policy of mandatory filtering for all Australians (2008)› Generated substantial opposition› Not enough votes to create legislation that way› Blacklist maintained by the government leaked
"Measures to improve safety of the internet for families” (2009)› Euthenasia› Video Games› Racism› Child and Abusive Pornography› Illegal sites (gambling, directions for drug
use, etc)
Source: OpenNet Initiative. <http://opennet.net/research/map>.
ChinaPakistanIranBurmaSaudi ArabiaIndiaEthiopiaMoroccoThailandSyria
Ranked among the 13 enemies of the internet by Reporters Without Borders
Filters heavily and strictly monitors internet usage
Users prompted to self-censor and self-monitor themselves in order to avoid severe punishment
Pornography
Social Networks
Wikipedia
Wikileaks
Political Blogs
YouTube
Nazi and Similar Websites
Religious Websites
Websites Associated with Censorship Circumvention
Most Commonly Targeted Websites:
Blacklist – A list of websites that are deemed unsuitable for the public.
IP Blocking – Access to certain IP addresses is denied
DNS Filtering and Redirection – Filter won’t resolve domain names, or will return the incorrect IP address
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Filtering – Scans the URL string for target keywords regardless of the domain name specified in the URL
Packet Filtering – Packets are terminated when a certain number of controversial keywords are detected
Connection Reset – If previous TCP connection is blocked, future connection attempts from both sides will be blocked
Web Feed Blocking – URLs staring with “rss”, “feed”, or “blog” are blocked.
Reverse Surveillance – Computers accessing certain websites are automatically exposed to reverse scanning
Proxy Websites – un-banned websites that can display banned material within them
Virtual Private Networks (VPN’s) – a secure connection to a more permissive country
Psiphon – software that allows users to access banned websites
Tor – free software that allows users to bypass censorship while allowing strong anonymity
Data Havens – computer or network that hold data protected from government action
Uses› Publishing websites or ‘freesites’› Communicating via message boards› Content distribution
Features› Highly survivable› Private› Secure› Efficient
OpenNet Initative:http://opennet.net/Reporters Without Borders (RSF):http://www.rsf.org/index.php?page=rubrique&id_rubrique=2The FreeNet Projecthttp://freenetproject.org/Wikipedia – Internet Censorship:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship/Censorship in the US (ACLU):http://www.aclu.org/free-speech/internet-censorship
"I am opposed to any form of tyranny over the mind of man." --- Thomas Jefferson