center for remote sensing and computational ecology prediction of hyperspectral iops on the west...

FloridaEnvironmental

ResearchInstitute

Center for Remote Sensing and Computational Ecology

PREDICTION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IOPs ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF

W. Paul Bissett

Florida Environmental Research Institute

John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, and Jason Jolliff

Department of Marine Science, University of South Florida


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Contributors to the Presentation

• This work presented here is part of a larger program to predict Inherent and Apparent Optical Properties (IOPs and AOPs) in the coastal ocean (ONR HyCODE program) and the Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms (ONR/NSF/NOAA/EPA ECOHAB).

• Field data provided by –– R. Arnone, Naval Research Laboratory-Stennis Space Center

– T. Hopkins & T. Sutton, University of South Florida

– G. Kirkpatrick, Mote Marine Laboratory

– S. Lohrenz, University of Southern Mississippi

– R. Weisberg, University of South Florida


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Red Tides on the West Florida Shelf

Gymnodinium breve

Breve-toxin causes fish kills and respiratory ailments.

In 1996, an extended G. breve bloom was implicated in the deaths of 149 manatees off west coast of Florida.


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West Florida Shelf (WFS)

ECOHAB Control Volume


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EcoSim 1.0 Review

–four functional groups of phytoplankton

–heterotrophic and chemolithic bacteria

–two forms of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen

–spectral light (5 nm resolution)

–differential (non-redfield) carbon and nitrogen cycling

–grazing, sinking, and excretion

–particulate remineralization

–nitrification and nitrogen-fixation

–surface gas exchange

–colored dissolved organic carbon cycling


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EcoSim 2.0 Formulation

Pro-Chloro-coccus

Dino-flagellate

SedimentDetritus

PelagicDiatom

s

G. breveTricho-

desmium

CoastalDiatoms

Synecho-coccus

RelictDOM

PredatorClosure

LysedDOM

Iron NH4 NO3CO2

Air/SeaCO2

ExcretedDOM

Dust Physical Mixing and Advection

Light

Copepod Ciliates Hetero-Flagellet

Bacteria

Viruses

N2PO4 SiO4


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EcoSim 2.0 Formulation

• Transition from 1- to 3-dimensional coding.

• Addition of phosphorous, silica, and iron as limiting nutrients. – All POM and DOM state variables are independent, allowing for

“non-Redfield” stoichiometry.

• Addition of 3 new phytoplankton functional groups.– Coastal diatoms, coastal dinoflagellates, and G. breve.

• Living particulate detritus absorption addition to phytoplankton inherent optical properties (IOPs).

• New CDOM cycling dynamics.– Color is now conserved and assumed to be recalcitrant to bacterial

remediation.

• Bottom boundary claims all fluxing particulate material.– Sediment chlorophyll a can be as high as overlying waters.


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EcoSim Light Model

For each depth interval

light attenuationc(,t) = a(,t) + b(,t)

absorptiona(,t) = awater() + aphyto() + aCDOM() + ased() scatteringb(,t) = bwater() + bphyto() + bCDOM() + bsed() backscatteringbb(,t) = bb,water() + bb,phyto() + bb,CDOM() + bb,sed()geometric structure of lightd() = fxn[b(,t),c (,t), 0()] diffuse light attenuationd() = [a(,t) + bb(,t)]/d()]water leaving radiance to a satelliteLu() = fxn[a(,t),b(,t), bb(,t),Ed(,t), d(), d(u()]


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West Florida Shelf (WFS)

ECOHAB Control Volume

Florida Middle Grounds


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Aerial Photograph of TrichodesmiumSt. Petersburg Beach, FL July 7, 1995

Trichodesmium Bloom


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Location of G. breve October 2000


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Mooring Locations on WFSOcean Circulation Group (http://ocg6.marine.usf.edu/)

R. Weisberg USF


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September 1998


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October 1998


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November 1998


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December 1998


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2-Dimensional Representation of WFS


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34

34.5

35

35.5

36

Dep

th (

m)

A

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0

10

20

30

40

oC

20

22

24

26

28

Dep

th (

m)

B

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0

10

20

30

40

c(m-1)

1.42

1.548

1.679

Dep

th (

m)

Distance (km) from initial offshore deployment

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

C

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0

10

20

30

40

High Resolution Sampler (HRS) T. Hopkins & T. Sutton (USF) September 22-23, 1998


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Mote Marine EcoHAB CruiseG. Kirkpatrick September 22, 1998


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EcoSim 2.0 Nutrients (Day 270)


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EcoSim 2.0 Phytoplankton Carbon (Day 270)


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EcoSim 2.0 Chlorophyll a (Day 270)


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EcoSim Phytoplankton C:N Ratio (Day 270)


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EcoSim 2.0 Particulate and CDM Absorption412 and 487 nm (Day 270)


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EcoSim 2.0 Absorption and Diffuse Attenuation412 and 487 nm (Day 270)


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EcoSim 2.0Predicted Particulate

Absorption (Day 270)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850

Wavelength(nm)

aph

(m

-1)

apig

TfapigStation A1

(mouth of Tampa Bay)

Measured Absorption aph()

S. Lohrenz (USM) October 1998

9 m, near-shore

Chl a = 1.34 mg m-3

2 m, near-shore

Chl a = 1.61 mg m-3

Chl a = 0.95 mg m-3

(>3 micron)


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0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850

Wavelength(nm)

aph

(m

-1)

apigTfapig

Station A11 Offshore (2.9 m)





1 m, off-shore

Chl a = 0.18 mg m-3

3 m, off-shore

Chl a = 0.14 mg m-3

Chl a = 0.14 mg m-3 (>3 micron)


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0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850

Wavelength(nm)

aph

(m

-1)

apigTfapig

Station A11 Offshore (67.6 m)





39 m, off-shore

Chl a = 0.46 mg m-3

68 m, off-shore

Chl a = 0.45 mg m-3

Chl a = 0.38 mg m-3

(>3 micron)


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EcoHAB Process CruiseG. Kirkpatrick (MML) October 5 – 12, 1998


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SeaWiFS Kd(490) CalculationOctober 6, 1998 B. Arnone (NRL-Stennis)

5.00

1.25

0.31

0.08

0.02

m-1


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SeaWiFS (SeaBAM) Chlorophyll aOctober 6, 1998 B. Arnone (NRL-Stennis)

45.0

7.61

1.32

0.23

0.04

m-1


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EcoSim 2.0 Nutrients (Day 306)


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Mote Marine EcoHAB CruiseG. Kirkpatrick November 23, 1998


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EcoHAB Process CruiseG. Kirkpatrick November 16-19, 1998


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EcoSim 2.0 Phytoplankton Carbon (Day 324)Reduced Grazing Pressure on G. breve


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Summary

• EcoSim 2.0 appears to generate reasonable IOP predictions across the West Florida Shelf in 1998.– But freshwater fluxes are critical to near-shore predictions of IOPs.

– Reconstruction of phytoplankton absorption spectral from pigment specific absorption yields errors in the blue.

• G. breve populations are minimal at all times during the year, including Loop Current intrusions.– Only way to get G. breve bloom is to increase nutrients without Si

and reduce grazing.

– Nitrogen-fixation may yield excess N, but is phosphorous limited in shelf waters.


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Movies

Nutrients

Phytoplankton Carbon

Chlorophyll a

Particulate and CDM Absorption

Total Absorption and Diffuse Attenuation

center for remote sensing and computational ecology prediction of hyperspectral iops on the west...

Documents

t b b

water b b

cdom b b

phyto b b

formulation slide

d u slide

sed scattering b

weisberg usf slide