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CENTER FOR SMALL FARMS & COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEMSAnnual Report-2015

45 Extension Small Farms Program

11 Collaboration Across Community Food Systems

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Engagement with Statewide & Community Partners

From Seeds to Strength: Growing the Center

3 Summary

2 CENTER FOR SMALL FARMS & COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEMS: 2015 ANNUAL REPORT

The Center for Small Farms & Community Food Systems, established within the OSU College of Agricultural Sciences in September 2013, uses education, research, and collaboration to achieve our vision of successful, environmentally regenerative small farms, sustainable community food systems, and students with high “Food IQ.” The Center is based on OSU’s Corvallis campus and has at its heart the Extension Small Farms Program, which currently has field-based faculty covering 10 counties and partial program assistant support in an additional five counties.

In BriefThe OSU Small Farms Program is making significant contributions to the field of organic and sustainable farming research and creating highly effective, practical tools that farmers use.

We continue to be national leaders in new and beginning farmer education. Our latest project targets small farm profitability and long-term viability and is designed around key stages of farm and farmer development.

Recognizing that food systems initiatives cross multiple disciplinary boundaries, we continue to build “all hands on deck” collaborations across OSU colleges and extension programs.

Oregon has a rich array of statewide- and community-based non-profits working across the community food system spectrum. Their leaders, members, analysis, advocacy, and grassroots organizing provide critical energy for food system change. Our partnerships with them are essential to our approach and effectiveness.

3OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION The Center for Small Farms & Community Food Systems has a mouthful of a name for a reason. Our name recognizes that sustainable agriculture and food production are integrally linked with community health and wellbeing.

The idea of a “community food system” starts with the core functions of a food system – growing, harvesting, processing, packaging, transporting, marketing, consuming, and disposal – and views them with the goal of enhancing environmental, economic, and social health. Sustainable community food systems are grown through collaboration and include:

• Small- and mid-scale, sustainable farms;

• Closer ties between farmers and consumers;

• Equitable access to an affordable, nutritious diet;

• Food & agriculture businesses that create jobs & recirculate capital;

• Fair working conditions for farm & food system labor;

• Food and agriculture policy that supports all the above.

Since the 1990s, the Extension Small Farms Program has supported the development and viability of small-scale,

organic and sustainable farms and the local and regional food systems in which they are nested. Two years ago, we created the Center to strengthen and expand this work, to reach more farmers, ranchers, and local food system stakeholders as their numbers grow across Oregon and the nation. At the same time, the Center was created to engage with people and organizations – inside and outside our university – with expertise and experience in community health, nutrition, and wellness. In so doing, we strive to create partnerships and projects that connect the dots across the food system, to work together to solve pressing societal issues around farming, food, health, and equity.

In this report, we highlight accomplishments during our second year. Because of the integrated nature of the Center’s work, our research, extension, teaching, and collaborative relationships are woven together, influencing and benefiting each other.

This report provides updates and accomplishments on:

1. The Extension Small Farms Program

2. Collaborations Across Community Food Systems

3. Engagement with Statewide & Community Partners

4. From Seeds to Strength: Growing the Center

OSU Small Farms Program faculty Maud Powell, discusses weed management with Growing Agripreneirs participants. Photo by Lynn Ketchum, OSU Extension Experiment Station Communications


EXTENSION SMALL FARMS PROGRAMThe Extension Small Farms Program continues to be a national leader in applied research and education related to small-scale, organic and sustainable agriculture, and local and regional food systems. The Program’s mission is to provide Oregon’s small farms, ranches, and local food system stakeholders with the training, tools, and research they need for long-term financial and environmental sustainability. We accomplish this through instructional, experiential, and community building approaches.

Our flagship programs include:

• Organic and Sustainable Farming Applied Research

• Beginning Farmer and Rancher Education

• Small Farm Profitability and Viability

• Women’s Farming Networks

• Local Meat and Poultry Processing

• Food Safety and Small Farms

• Farm Direct Marketing Research

The past year saw impressive results across all of these programs. Here we highlight three with particularly

significant accomplishments: Organic and sustainable farming research; Beginning farmer and rancher education; and Small farm profitability and viability programming.

Applied Research:Organic and Sustainable FarmingOur Small Farms team is nationally known not only for doing cutting-edge research to address pressing production challenges but then turning that research into practical tools farmers can use to improve their daily operations and long-term viability.

Dry Farming Water scarcity has become a harsh reality in the western U.S., and farmers increasingly need innovative strategies for managing drought. It is critical for our region’s food security to understand what we can produce without irrigation. In our newest research initiative, the Small

The Extension Small Farms Program

continues to be a national leader in applied research

and education related to small-

scale, organic and sustainable agriculture, and

local and regional food systems.

OSU Small Farms Program faculty Amy Garrett discusses dry farming and provided tasting tables for the dry farmed crops during the Dry Farming Field Day Photo provided by Heidi Noordijk


Farms Program is investigating the potential of “dry farming” for vegetable and melon production.

Dry farming refers to crop production during a dry season that uses only the moisture stored in the soil from the rainy season. No irrigation is used. The goal is to work with nature to produce food with fewer external inputs. Dry farming can also be useful to growers on land without access to irrigation water or on irrigated land in drought years.

OSU’s Amy Garrett is leading our dry farming research with a pilot project at the OSU Oak Creek Center for Urban Horticulture (OCCUH). In 2015, she grew dry beans, tomatoes, potatoes, squash, and melon and tracked the effect of dry farming practices on yield and flavor, as well as interactions of soil temperature and moisture.

In August, Garrett hosted more than a hundred farmers and gardeners for a Dry Farming Field Day. Participants learned about dry farming techniques and compared the taste of dry farmed and irrigated melons and tomatoes.

Organic Fertilizer & Cover Crop CalculatorInitially launched in 2008, the Organic Fertilizer & Cover Crop Calculator is used by hundreds of farmers and educators from around the globe. The Calculator was developed by the Small Farms Program’s Nick Andrews with other OSU Extension faculty and has resulted in cost savings and improved decision making for farmers.

The calculator allows farmers and agronomists to: • Make site-specific nutrient management decisions; • Find the most economical source of organic

nutrients;• Estimate the plant-available nitrogen (PAN) in cover

crops;• Integrate the cover crop contribution to a cost

effective organic fertilizer program.

Andrews is now assisting other regions – from Idaho to Hawaii and now England – in validating and adapting the Calculator for their own regionally specific cover crops and soils. The calculator was developed in partnership with Oregon Tilth.

Croptime: Scheduling Vegetables Using Degree-DaysThe success of the Cover Crop Calculator led Andrews and colleagues to take a similar approach to degree-day modeling for vegetables. Degree days – units measuring heating or cooling based on time and temperature – often predict crop maturity more accurately than time alone. Yet most fresh market vegetable growers rely solely on calendar days to schedule plantings and predict harvest dates. Degree days can help farmers more accurately predict harvests leading to more predictable crop scheduling, reduced uncertainty, and improved marketing.

Important growth stages help to improve the accuracy of data collected for Croptime model development.


Beginning Farmer and Rancher EducationIn response to an anticipated generational shift on farms and ranches, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has focused attention and resources on developing the next generation of beginning farmers and ranchers. The Extension Small Farms Program has been involved in beginning farmer and rancher education since the mid-1990s and created a comprehensive curriculum – Growing Farms – in 2007.

In 2014, the Small Farms Program was awarded our second three-year National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program grant to continue this work. Our goal is to go beyond simply offering training to get new farmers started and create a learning progression that keeps farmers farming through their first 10 years and beyond.

We have seen first-hand that beginning farmer education is most effective when it meets farmers where they are, developmentally, on the road from start-up to mature farm business. The comprehensive project, which is a partnership with Oregon Tilth, will do that by:

• Identifying key developmental stages of beginning farmers;

• Developing sophisticated online and site-based curricula to target key points of “readiness” as farmers develop;

• Establishing teaching farms and advanced sustainable farming demonstrations on three of OSU’s research farms;

• Creating practical tools for determining cost of production,

The normal ‘days to maturity’ varietal information available in most seed catalogs is not useful to farmers. If seed breeders and catalogs could provide a degree-day index for their vegetable varieties, farmers would be able to more accurately model their crop delivery schedules. – Frank Morton, Wild Garden Seed

Andrews is working with other OSU faculty, seed companies, and fresh market growers to develop “CropTime,” an online, user-friendly tool to predict harvest dates for popular varieties of sixteen different vegetable crops. CropTime will also help seed companies, who want to provide more accurate information to their customers, and regional organic produce buyers, who want to predict supply timing more accurately.

CropTime models for sweet corn, sweet pepper, cucumber, and broccoli will be available online by early 2016. Snap bean, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, carrot, parsnip, summer squash, winter squash, lettuce, tomato, and spinach models will follow in early 2017. CropTime is being developed as part of a partnership with Oregon Tilth.


market channel assessment, and other financial aspects of a profitable small farm business;

• Supporting farmers through three existing and three new farmer networks in regions of Oregon with high demand for Small Farms education.

Growing Farms OnlineThe big news: Growing Farms: Successful Whole Farm Management is now available as an online course through OSU’s Professional and Continuing Education (PACE). This winter, we offered the course in Oregon in a hybrid format that combined online learning with in-person meetings and farm tours. Growing Farms is also now offered nationally as an independent, self-paced course, through PACE. Growing Farms sets a new standard for non-credit online education.

Participant comments say it all:

• “Networking in class and the field trips gave me a huge sense of appreciation for what farmers do. It also gave me a reality check for my future plans.”

• “I wasn’t sure we were going to farm this year … or ever again. So going through [module] ‘Dream It’ with [my partner] and talking about that stuff made

What are the Needs & Challenges of Farmers Transitioning to Organic Methods?Demand for organic products exceeds domestic production. This year we began a two-year effort with our research and education partner Oregon Tilth, Inc., to identify and address challenges for U.S. farmers related to transitioning to organic production. This effort includes two main projects:

1. In collaboration with Tilth, the OSU Survey Research Center, and USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service, we are conducting a national survey of nearly 2000 farmers and ranchers about motivations, barriers, and needs during transition.

2. A graduate thesis project through the Department of Crop & Soil Science, advised by Garry Stephenson, will examine the organic transition experience for recently certified Oregon farmers and ranchers.

Both projects will inform educational programs, future research, and public policy.

The Growing Farms online course interface shows a case study farm video. Video and interactive multi-media are used extensively in the course.

us realize we hadn’t consciously done it when we moved to the new property. It was so stressful, and we tried to hit the ground running. We needed to stop and assess.”

• “The online modules are loaded with information and so much learning”


Small Farm Profitability Farm viability is a complex challenge that requires integrating business development, market assessment, and sustainable farming methods. Small farm viability is a goal that cuts across all of our research and education. At the same time, viability and profitability nested within it deserve focused attention.

Recent OSU Small Farms research on the determinants of small farm success indicates that farm profitability—an issue for all farmers—is a particular challenge for farmers during their first 10 years. As local and regional markets have solidified and more farmers are taking advantage of these opportunities, we are developing educational tools and programs to assist farmers in making clear-eyed decisions related to their farm’s production, markets, and profitability.

Practical Strategies for Cost AssessmentUnderstanding the costs associated with different crops and marketing strategies is critical for small- and mid-scale, highly diversified farms. Tracking cost data for multiple crops and market channels can be an overwhelming task.

Our Cost Study Cohort project, part of our current NIFA grant described above, was designed as a practical solution to this problem. It integrates simple time tracking into normal farming practices, focusing on one

National Leaders in Beginning Farmer & Rancher Education and PolicyThe Center and the Extension Small Farms Program are national leaders in beginning farmer and rancher education and policy. Our team has received two highly competitive NIFA grants (2010 and 2014) to create substantive and innovative educational programs.

Center Director Garry Stephenson was selected by the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture to serve on USDA’s Advisory Committee for Beginning Farmers and Ranchers. The Committee has submitted a set of general recommendations to the Secretary and responded to a special request from the Secretary for broad recommendations on farm land tenure and access in the U.S.

I’ve never gotten myself to do enterprise budgets, but this approach is more user friendly. It also helps develop awareness. I’m developing a better sense for how long things take. I’ve been thinking more and how to do things efficiently while not compromising on quality.” --Cohort Farmer


activity at a time. During the first season in 2015, three farmer cohorts around Oregon collected data from March to October. Analysis began in November, and the second season begins in March.

Tanya Murray, Organic Education Specialist with Oregon Tilth, designed and leads the project, which evolved from her 2014 internship with our Center. Murray’s innovative approach – short time studies focused on discrete activities – has proven popular with participating farmers.

A “Kitchen Sink” Approach to Enhancing Farm Profitability On Oregon’s North Coast, rising interest in local food means not only increased opportunities for farmers but increased demand for relevant education and training from both farmers and other local food system stakeholders. In partnership with their local OSU Extension offices, we have been involved on the North Coast for several years, including three annual “Grow the Coast” conferences hosted by local nonprofits Food Roots (Tillamook County) and North Coast Food Web (Clatsop County).

In 2014, with a one-year grant from a private foundation, we ramped up this work by offering a comprehensive, year-long curriculum to a cohort of nine small-scale, locally-focused farms. The program included educational sessions at Grow the Coast, Growing Farms: Successful Whole Farm Management, the Organicology conference, the OSU Small Farms Conference, the Cost Study project, and one-on-one consulting. Food Roots, North Coast Food Web, and local OSU Extension offices provided essential local support.

Cohort farmers reported taking significant steps in their farm business development as a result of their participation, for example:

“It has helped, and will continue to assist me in becoming a successful farmer. The program and your one-on-one involvement have made a real and positive impact on my farm.”

“The investment you have made in the North Coast has made a huge difference. We can build a stronger food system out here that could involve local production, effective wholesale, farm-to-school… the potential is really big. And having that connection to you guys is so important.”

The cohort-approach built community in a valuable way that will resonate for years to come. As one farmer noted, “Meeting with other people in this field was very important. I am pretty geographically isolated, and the exposure to like-minded others, both with Growing Farms, and through the conferences has been nothing but positive.”

Congreso de Pequeñas Granjas The 2015 OSU Small Farms Conference, our 15th annual, set an attendance record of 940 participants – 70% of them farmers – and was the highest rated conference for excellence so far.

The conference had many highlights, but one of the brightest was our comprehensive Spanish language track: three sessions offered entirely in Spanish, a significant improvement over the simultaneous translation offered at past conferences. We worked closely with our Latino non-profit partners Adelante


Universities create centers to focus attention on important societal issues through multi-disciplinary research, education, and outreach. The Small Farms Program has a long history of recruiting expertise and skills across OSU for our research and educational programs. Our Center accelerates our ability to work strategically with campus-based and statewide faculty to support sustainable and resilient community food systems.

Since the Center’s 2013 launch, we have prioritized collaboration with the College of Public Health and Human Sciences (CPHHS) and its Extension programs, primarily Family and Community Health (FCH). This year we continued our work together, bridging food production, processing, and marketing with community nutrition and healthy food access. Highlights include:

Shared positions:• A new Small Farms position in Douglas County

combines on-farm production expertise with broader food system responsibilities, including coordinating OSU’s Master Food Preserver program for the county.

• The Small Farms lead in Hood River County – supervised by FCH and advised by local nonprofit

Congreso de Pequeñas Granjas

Lugar: LaSells Stewart Center 875 SW 26th St., Corvallis, Oregon

Sábado, 28 de febrero, 2015

Registración

Horario

COLLABORATIONS ACROSS COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEMS

Mujeres and Huerto de la Familia to identify session topics that met their communities’ educational needs.

Fifty-eight Spanish speakers attended the three sessions: Conociendo Nuestro Suelo, Las Realidades del Manejo de una Finca Orgánica, and Mejoremos Nuestros Métodos de Hacer Cuenta. Speakers included OSU and NW Farm Credit Services staff.

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Long term site plan for Providence Gardens.


Growing Small Farms and Food Security in the Gorge

OSU Extension in Hood River is home to a unique partnership between FCH and Small Farms: Rachel Suits works in both programs, providing education and technical assistance to farmers and working with FCH’s Lauren Kraemer on farm-to-school, cooking demonstrations, and other classes, sourcing produce from local farmers. They also work closely with local nonprofit Gorge Grown Food Network (GGFN) on the shared goal of strengthening the region’s food system and food security.

Small wonder, then, that OSU was ready when Providence Hood River Memorial Hospital leaders and GGFN had a Really Big Idea: turn hospital land into a farm that would not only train new farmers but address food insecurity. Suits, Kraemer, and GGFN helped Providence develop a plan to provide land, equipment, and training to five farmers in the first year. The core curriculum includes OSU’s beginning farmer training program Growing Farms: Successful Whole Farm Management. A portion of all produce grown on the farm will supply a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program: half the members will be hospital employees, and half, at low cost, will be food insecure families. OSU SNAP-Ed will provide cooking classes and demos to help families get the most out of their fresh produce.

The project is an exciting example of OSU Extension connecting the dots across community food system needs and goals. “SNAP-Ed and Small Farms,” Suits says, “are really coming together on this one.”

Gorge Grown Food Network – continues to work creatively and effectively at the nexus of food production and community nutrition. (See box p. 12)

Collaborative educational programs:• Oregon’s growing number of “cottage” food laws

are opening new market opportunities for farmers to make and sell low-risk, value-added foods direct to consumers. We are responding to increased demand from local food producers and stakeholders for related information and training by providing technical and regulatory expertise in two ways:o We partnered with Extension FCH to write a guide

to relevant OSU resources and expertise, “Farm Direct, Value Added: A Resource Guide to Making and Selling Food in Oregon.”

o Our Southern Oregon Small Farms team and FCH counterparts tailored the Master Food Preserver training to a small farm audience this fall. We plan to offer similar trainings elsewhere in Oregon.

• Extension FCH continues to have a strong presence at our Small Farms Conference, in Oregon Small Farm News, and on the Center Advisory Committee.


“We are very fortunate to have the OSU Center for Small Farms involved in the Community Food Systems Network and the leadership committee. The Center has been a go-to partner for so many aspects of food system work over the years, I can’t imagine not having them at the table. Whether providing producer education, relevant research and training or referrals to other resources, the Center is a trusted partner who understands the value of the integrated work we are trying to foster. They can ask tough questions without discouraging us, and we can push back without fear of losing them as a partner. I hope the Center will be able to grow with the network, allowing all of us to better meet the needs and opportunities we see for the future of Oregon.” – Sara Miller NE Oregon Economic Development District Oregon CFS Leadership Committee

Local, regional, and community food system development is a complex, multi-disciplinary effort requiring a wide array of expertise, skills, and partnerships. Across the U.S., leading universities and extension programs know that working closely with nonprofits, agencies, and other organizations is not only valuable but essential. We are solidly in this camp: our Center and Small Farms Team are trusted and valued partners for community-based and statewide food system organizations across Oregon.

In our Center’s second year, we took this to the next level: when thirty-four community-based and statewide food and farming nonprofits launched the new Oregon Community Food Systems Network (OCFSN) in February 2015, they asked us to be part of the leadership team and provide “backbone” support.

OCFSN grew from a cohort of organizations funded by Meyer Memorial Trust through a special Community Food Systems initiative. Network members value our Center for our research, education, and technical expertise, our commitment to building member and network capacity, and our role as “gateway” to other expertise

ENGAGEMENT WITH STATEWIDE & COMMUNITY PARTNERS

Oregon Community Food System Network members cheer Network launch. Photo provided by Wendy Siporen


and resources at OSU. Highlights of our involvement in the past year include:

• Served on organizing committee for network convening and launch in Feb. 2015;

• Organized workshop with national speakers on two network priorities: (1) local food distribution and (2) the economic impact of local food;

• Serve on Network Leadership Committee and on two of four priority issue subcommittees: Wholesale Market Development and Access to Land;

• Convened OSU faculty from the Colleges of Agriculture, Public Health and Human Sciences, and Liberal Arts as reviewers for Meyer Memorial Trust’s Oregon Community Food System Indicators report;

• Organizing evaluation training for network members in Feb. 2016.

We also continue to work with individual organizations on specific food system projects, from our partnership with Oregon Tilth (box p. 8), to localized projects with place-based nonprofits like Gorge Grown Food Network (box p. 12) and Food Roots and North Coast Food Web (see box, p. 10), to adapting our programs to Latino farmers with Huerto de la Familia and Adelante Mujeres (p. 10).

Other highlights from the past year include: • Project team member for Ecotrust’s “Infrastructure

Gap Analysis: Where could investment catalyze regional food system growth and development?”

• Network Council member for Rogue Valley Food System Network, a collaboration of individuals, nonprofits, and businesses aiming to improve access to local food, promote healthy eating, enhance social equity, and develop economic vitality in their region.

• Education and outreach project with Central Oregon Intergovernmental Council and other local nonprofits focused on enhancing local meat processing capacity and producer-processor relationships (funded by Oregon Rural Development).

• Close collaboration with Oregon Food Bank’s Community Food Systems team on public policy aspects of CFS, core support for the Oregon Community Food System Network, and developing a statewide CFS strategy; OFB serves on the Center’s Advisory Committee.


Center Advisory Committee

• Suzanne Briggs, OSU Extension Citizen Advisory Network

• Sharon Thornberry, Oregon Food Bank/Community Food Systems Program

• Rebecca Landis, Oregon Farmers’ Markets Association

• Anne Hoisington, OSU Family & Community Health Extension

• Anita Azarenko, Former Department Head OSU Horticulture and Farmer, LaMancha Ranch and Orchard

• Larry Lev, OSU Department of Applied Economics

• Nick Andrews, OSU Small Farms Program

• Laura Masterson, Farmer, 47th Avenue Farm and Member, Oregon Board of Agriculture

• Anne Berblinger, Farmer, Gales Creek Farm

• Tanya Murray, Oregon Tilth, and Farmer, formerly Sauvie Island Organics

• Teresa Retzlaff, Farmer, 46 North Farm

• Ericka Carlson, Sustainable Food and Agriculture Marketing Consultant, formerly publisher, Edible Oregon

FROM SEEDS TO STRENGTH: GROWING THE CENTERThis report has provided a sweeping overview of our accomplishments this past year. To do all of this – and more – requires that we build a Center that is innovative, entrepreneurial, and resilient. Not only in it for the long haul but able to expand, sustainably, to meet growing demand for our programs.

The seed for our Center – a big, ambitious idea – was planted in 2012 and sprouted in 2013 with our official launch. In our first two years, the Center has grown steadily, fed by our ridiculously smart, creative, and energetic faculty and staff; our team of Wise Center Advisors; and an ever-expanding group of friends and supporters who share our goals.

A Plan for the FutureIf we are to achieve our vision of successful, environmentally regenerative small farms, sustainable community food systems, and students with high “Food IQ” … If we are to solve pressing societal issues around farming, food, health, and equity… We need to keep growing, in a thoughtful and strategic way.

Over these first two years as a Center, we have talked with many farmers, farm and food system organizations and agencies, OSU extension colleagues, national peers, and our own faculty and Advisory Committee to develop a responsive, nimble plan.

In the next ten years, we aim to build our statewide team with a combination of Small Farms/Food System positions grounded in on-farm production expertise; Community Food System positions shared by the Colleges of Agriculture and Public Health and Human Sciences; and two “at-large” organic agriculture applied scientists, in Western and Eastern Oregon. Our campus-based team will stay small, with two core “statewide specialist” faculty.

We will continue to grow our network of supporters around the state, region, and nation.


Persephone Farm. Shawn Linehan

Center for Small Farms and Community Food SystemsOregon State University107 Crop and Soil Science Building

Corvallis, OR 97331

http://centerforsmallfarms.oregonstate.edu/

To learn more about the Center, visit our website or contact:

Garry [email protected]

Lauren GwinAssociate [email protected]

“We are very fortunate to have the OSU Center for Small Farms involved in the Community Food Systems Network and the leadership committee. The Center has been a go-to partner for so many aspects of food system work over the years, I can’t imagine not having them at the table. Whether providing producer education, relevant research and training or referrals to other resources, the Center is a trusted partner who understands the value of the integrated work we are trying to foster. I hope the Center will be able to grow with the network, allowing all of us to better meet the needs and opportunities we see for the future of Oregon.” – Sara Miller NE Oregon Economic Development District Oregon CFS Leadership Committee

center for small farms & community food systems...growing farms online the big news: growing...

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