central nervous system · 2013. 10. 25. · central nervous system author: folsom cordova usd...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
![Page 2: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Regions of the Brain
• Cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)
• Diencephalon
• Brain stem
• Cerebellum
![Page 3: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum• Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)
– Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain
– Includes more than half of the brain mass
– The surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci)
![Page 4: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lobes of the cerebrum
• Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes
• Surface lobes of the cerebrum
• Frontal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Occipital lobe
• Temporal lobe
![Page 5: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Specialized areas of the cerebrum
–Primary somatic sensory area • Receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors
• Located in parietal lobe
–Primary motor area • Sends impulses to skeletal muscles
• Located in frontal lobe
–Broca’s area• Involved in our ability to speak
![Page 6: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Cerebral areas involved in special senses
– Gustatory area (taste)
– Visual area
– Auditory area
– Olfactory area
• Interpretation areas of the cerebrum
– Speech/language region
– Language comprehension region
– General interpretation area
![Page 9: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Layers of the cerebrum
– Gray matter—outer layer in the cerebral cortex composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
– White matter—fiber tracts deep to the gray matter
• Corpus callosumconnects hemispheres
• Basal nuclei
– islands of gray matter buried within the white matter
![Page 10: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon• Sits on top of the brain stem
• Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres
• Made of three parts
– Thalamus
– Hypothalamus
– Epithalamus
![Page 11: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Thalamus
– Surrounds the third ventricle
– The relay station for sensory impulses
– Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation
• Epithalamus
– Forms the roof of the third ventricle
– Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland)
– Includes the choroid plexus—forms cerebrospinal fluid
![Page 13: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Regions of the Brain: Brain StemAttaches to the spinal cord
• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata
![Page 14: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Hypothalamus
– Under the thalamus
– Important autonomic nervous system center
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Controls water balance
• Regulates metabolism
– An important part of the limbic system (emotions)
– The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus
![Page 15: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Midbrain
– Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers
– Has two bulging fiber tracts—cerebral peduncles
– Has four rounded protrusions—corpora quadrigemina
• Reflex centers for vision and hearing
• Pons
– The bulging center part of the brain stem
– Mostly composed of fiber tracts
– Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing
![Page 16: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Medulla Oblongata – The lowest part of the brain stem
– Merges into the spinal cord
– Includes important fiber tracts
– Contains important control centers• Heart rate control
• Blood pressure regulation
• Breathing
• Swallowing
• Vomiting
![Page 17: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM · 2013. 10. 25. · CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Author: Folsom Cordova USD Created Date: 9/29/2009 10:32:23 PM](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060900/609d7820a972b74b6f7be4eb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Regions of the Brain: Cerebellum• Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces
• Provides involuntary coordination of body movements