Society for Community Organisation and Peoples Education40, Ramalinga Nagar West Extension Part II, Woraiyur, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India.

Mobile : 9443167190, E-mail : scopeagency1986@rediffmail.com

scopeagency1986@gmail.comwww.scopetrichy.com

SCOPE1

Centre for Innovations in Public

Systems (CIPS) Workshop at Karwar

“The day every one of us gets a toilet to use, I shall know that our country has reached the pinnacle of progress”

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

“Sanitation is as important as Independence”

GANDHIJI

After 65 years of Independence still over 60per cent of Indian houses do not have toilets,but have mobile phones.Sanitation is low priority for policy makers atthe top as well as end users in remotevillages.The serious impact on health, economics,human dignity and environment caused bypoor sanitation is not understood.India a signatory to MDG world proclamationis far from achieving the mid term goal ofaccess to toilets by 2015.Total Sanitation Campaign launched in 1992 isyet to provide toilets to millions in the ruralareas.Lack of awareness, technological optionsdepending on geographical features andfailure to change the mind set of the peoplehave to be overcome.

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Pit Latrine

Septic Tank

On-site sanitation

Centralized Underground

Sewerage System

Off-site sanitation

Sanitation Options

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Sanitation – (WHO) definition :-

Collection and safe disposal of human waste in a hygienic wayso as not to endanger the health of individuals and thecommunity as a whole.

Sustainable sanitation system comprises of a toilet system forcollection, transport, treatment and use of treated humanwaste.

Sanitation must meet the needs of the user.

Toilet model must be simple to use, maintain and repair.

The success of sanitation investments cannot be measured onlyby the number of toilets built.

The focus of attention should be on outcomes, primarily the useand maintenance of those facilities and impact on health ofindividual and community.

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The different models of toilets while will function well underideal conditions, will have to be constructed strictly as per thenorms.

When the norms are not observed or geographical limitationsstand in the way of efficient functioning they will become asource of potential danger to the environment.

Hence we have to look for an alternative model which willfunction under different field conditions and help us to closethe loop on sanitation in a most environmental friendlymanner.

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ECOSAN model is a solution to most of the problems we face in

the field of sanitation.

ECOSAN ToiletsAlternative technology for Sanitation

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What is ECOSAN?Ecological Sanitation is anintegrated and holistic approachto the management of humanexcreta, utilization of the richnutrients in both human urineand faeces.

It promotes sustainableagriculture.

Does not contaminate surfaceand groundwater sources.

Conserves and preserves themost critical input for human lifenamely water.

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A HOLISTIC APPROACHSanitation needs Integratedsustainable Ecosystem approach.

It involves several cycles to ensurepublic health.

Pathogens – Water – Nutrient –Energy cycle.

Human excreta & wash water arenot a waste.

They are resources which could bereused for improving agriculturalproduction and preventcontamination of theenvironment.

ECOSAN approach aims atsanitizing the products and nottransfer problems from one cycleto another.

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NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS

closing the loopbetween sanitation and agriculture

FOODFOOD

Pathogen destruction

ECOSAN = Triple Win

Fit for different kinds of geographical conditions

The Ecosan toilets can be constructed in many

different situations which would not accommodate

other systems.

Rocky areas, high water table areas, water scarcity

areas and sandy areas.

All these difficult site situations can be

accommodated with a small amount of alteration to

the basic system design.

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First Ecosan Model – at Thanneerpandal

• SCOPE initiated ECOSAN model in Thanneerpandal – Trainingcentre of SCOPE to meet the problems faced by high watertable areas.

• Two-in-one model Designed by Mr.S.Paramasivan &Mr.Kalimuthu of Water Aid .

• Size of the chamber made big since it was the first pilotmodel. Two vent pipes

Users numbered afterusing the toilet.

Urine, wash watercollected in a singlepot for raising kitchengarden.

First chamber wasused 4320 times andwhen got filled upclosed after 15months.

SCOPE design - 1 Thanneerpandal

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Two In One Model

Wash water and urine are collected together in this model

Mangalathammal is the first

woman accepted for the Ecosan

Construction at her residence in

Kaliyapalayam

Design change (2004) - 3 in 1 model

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Water, Urine and faecalmatter are collected

separately

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Urine,wash water and faeces are collected separately.

Drop hole for faeces in the middle.

Urine from the urine bowl in front is collected in amud pot with holes/Jerry can.

Wash water from the wash bowl at the rear is takento the filter bed.

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Usage practices :

1. Take out the lid

2. Sitting position should be

proper so that the feacal matter

is dropped right in to the drop

hole without falling in the sides

of the drop hole

3. After defecating move one step

backward and sprinkle hand full

of ash or saw dust or lime

powder over the feacal matter

4. Close the drop hole with lid

5. Wash your body

6. Wash your hands using soap or

ash thoroughly after using the

Ecosan toilet.

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So far 500 Toilet chambers opened and removed the compost in the presence of Government Officials, PRIs, NGOs, Foreign delegates, and the compost used in kitchen gardens.

No foul smell, no flies

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Compost taken out from the Ecosan Individual toilets, used for raising their kitchen garden

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The high yield of vegetables by using the compost taken out from Ecosan toilets

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Ecosan Community Compost Toilet, (ECCT)

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“Use toilet andget money ”

-The brain behind this concept is Ms.Shantha Sheela Nair IAS, RD,

Secretary, Tamil Nadu, and -Ms. P.Amuda, I.A.S. UNICEF , New

Delhi.

This is the first time in the world that

toilet users are being paid as against

pay and use toilets.

The urine and faeces are so richin nutrients for farm production thatthey are worth buying.

Those who use the toilets arepaid 10 paise per use to the Ecosantoilet, on a monthly basis.

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Mrs. Shanthi, a SHG leader, who constructed the first Ecosan

toilet in her house and she opened the 50th Ecosan

Individual Toilet at Kameshwaram with the support of UNICEF

and so far 350 Ecosan toilets constructed and functioning well.

ECOSAN in Tsunami hit areas ofNagai district

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Mr.G.Radha, Project Officer, DRDA,

Nagapattinam watering the plants near

the 100th toilet in Kameshwaram in

January 2007

A. Amutha, I.A.S., opened the chamber

of the first ecosan toilet at Mrs.

Shanthi’s house at Kameshwaram village

(Tsunami hit area)

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First Toilet

Beauty Contest

in India-

Kameshwaram,

July, 2007

Eligibility for participating in the contest was restricted to the first batch of the 100 Ecosan

toilet families, who are using the toilets properly, and maintain the kitchen garden watered

by the urine from the toilet well and keep the toilet and its environment neat, clean and

hygienic.36SCOPE - TRICHY

1st Prize 2nd Prize 3rd Prize

“Best Garden” Rs. 5,000/- Rs. 2,500/- Rs. 1,000/-

“Best Outside Decoration” Rs. 5,000/- Rs. 2,500/- Rs. 1,000/-

“Best Inside Decoration ” Rs. 5,000/- Rs. 2,500/- Rs. 1,000/-

Cash awards for the Beauty Contest

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Transportation of Urine from ECCT to Research Field

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Urine can be used by applying so many ways

Undiluted URINE can be applied before or at sowing.

Also it can be applied mixing with water in 1:10 ratio forgrowing plants.

Urine can be applied in one large dose or several smaller onesduring the cropping season.

Also urine can be applied in different methods like Dripirrigation, Foliar spray, and through pipes.

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• Taking advantage of the availability of urine in the Musiri ECCT, TNAU isnow studying the “potential of source separated human urine as liquidfertilizer”, in 0.25 acre plot in 2007.

• The second phase research done in 2008• The site divided into 30 plots where the crop raised under different

dosages of urine.• The crop condition monitored closely, and various parameters recorded.

Urine as a Fertilizer in the research paddy field

RESEARCH

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Two paddy crops harvested,research result is encouraging.

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Human urine research in the paddy field with the support of WASTE Netherlands.

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Utilizing human urine as

liquid organic fertilizer in

Banana

Banana Research using urine

in colloboration with

NRCB, Trichy

Supported by

SEI, UNICEF.

It is calculated that the urinegenerated in 1.5 monthsfrom rural areas may besufficient for supplementing100% of N and P2O5requirement and 25% ofK2O requirement o totalbanana cultivation in India.

Rs. 445 crore maybe savedspending for fertilizer.

The urine applicationthrough drip-fertigationirrigation system has beencompleted as per thetechnical guidelines of theNRCB.

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Banana bunch harvested by

District Collector Mr. T. Soundiah, I.A.S.,

on 30th July 200945SCOPE - TRICHY

Total NPK requirement of Banana

In India, banana is cultivated in about 5 lakh hectares, which requires about

Rs. 275 crore worth of nitrogen (250000 tons of N),

Rs. 75 crore worth of phosphorus (37500 tons of P2O5) and

Rs. 385 crore worth of potassium (500000 tons of K2O).

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Horticulture and Short term crops byusing urine and compost from Ecosan Toilets supported

by DDWS, Government of India

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SCOPE constructed more than 10 School Ecocan UDTs in

Trichy, Krishnagiri, Nagappattinam, Chengalput and

Kancheepuram Districts.

The collection of urine used in kitchen garden and farm

cultivation like tomato, brinjal, cashew nut, banana,

coconut etc.

Ecosan Urine Diversion

Toilet Complex at Schools

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Mr. Raghuvansh Singh Prasad, Honble Minister released the school toilet FRP pan.

Mr. Devaraj, Mr. Kumar AloK were the participants in the workshop held at New Delhi In 2007

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School to Village

An ECOSAN UDDT complex is functioning at ThimmavaramHigh School, in Krishnagiri District, Tamilnadu.

After using the toilet the children and the Headmasterapproached SCOPE to construct Ecosan toilet in theirindividual house holds.

Because the village is located nearby the irrigation tank, high-water table area, the other system of toilets are not workingproperly.

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So they decided to construct Ecosan toilet in their village.

100 ECOSAN UDDT toilets constructed with the support ofUNICEF and District Rural Development Agency (TSC).

40 ECOSAN UDDT constructed with sanitary napkin incinerator.

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ECOSAN UDDT with SNI

Urine Application

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Recent changes in Ecosan models

In this new design the urine and wash water

collection pipes are fitted above the squatting slab

level to avoid any leakage inside the compost

chamber which will lead to foul smell and O & M

is easy by using this model.

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• Transport of urine and storage of urine

needed special facilities.

• The storage capacity had to be very big and it

had to be protected from getting diluted by

evaporation.

• Hence a pilot study was undertaken by IIT,

New Delhi in Musiri for conversion of

nutrients in urine to powder form -

STRUVITE

Struvite (nutrient in urine in powder form) Extracted by IIT, New Delhi Research Scientist at Musiri reactor under

UNICEF programme Oct, 2011

Pilot scale struvite reactor developed by IIT Delhi at SCOPE Research Centre

Musiri

Urine in the beaker and struvite powder Struvite Packet

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The NIRMAL GRAM PURASKAR awarded to SCOPE for its exemplary work on sanitation

for the year 2006

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Thanks for your

Attention