centre lathe. the centre lathe is used to manufacture cylindrical shapes from a range of materials...
TRANSCRIPT
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Centre lathe
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• The Centre Lathe is used to manufacture cylindrical shapes from a range of materials including; steels and plastics.
• Components that assemble to make an car engine work have been made using lathes.
• The Lathe may be operated by people (manual lathes) or computer controlled lathes (CNC machines) that have been programmed to carry out a particular task.
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A basic manual centre lathe
• The lathe is controlled by a person turning handles on the top slide and cross slide in order to make a part.
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Lathe Parts
• Lathe bed Made from rigid cast Iron Accurately machined
slideways Slideways guide carriage
& tailstock Headstock on upper end
of the lathe bed
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Lathe parts
• Headstock Holds lathe spindle
and gears Chuck is fitted to
spindle Spindle is hollow for
long bars
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Lathe parts
• Tailstock Can be moved along
slideways Can be clamped
in any location Inside tapered
to hold drill chuck
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Lathe parts
• Carriage Moves along bed
between tailstock and headstock
Saddle – across the lathe
Apron – hangs down in front
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Lathe parts
• Cross Slide Fitted on the Saddle Moves cutting tool at
right angles to lathe bed
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Lathe parts
• Top Slide (Compound slide)
Fitted to top of Cross slide Carries toolpost and cutting
tool Can rotate to any angle Is used to turn tapers
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Lathe parts
• Feed shaft Used to move the
Carriage automatically
• Lead screw Used when screw
cutting on the lathe
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Lathe Parts
• Three Jaw Chuck Self centring Holds round and
hexagonal work 3 jaws are connected Jaws are stamped 1,2 & 3
and fitted in order Chuck key used to open
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Lathe parts
• Toolpost Fitted on top slide and
carries the cutting tool or the cutting tool holder
Can adjust the height on some types
Can carry 4 different tool holders
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Lathe parts
• Tool holders Used for holding
cutting tool bits Available in Right
hand, left hand and straight
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• Cutting Tools Can be High Speed
Steel held in tool holders
Can be also Ceramic (Tungsten carbide) bits held directly in toolpost
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Cutting Tool Angle
• Clearance angle Ensures only the
cutting edge of the tool touches the work
Too much clearance causes chatter
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Cutting tool angle• Rake Angle Allows the chip being cut
to flow out Changing the rake
changes the power used in cutting and the heat generated
Large rake = soft ductile materials
Small rake = hard brittle materials
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Cutting tool angle
• Tool bits are held in holders at an angle of about 15°
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Cutting tools
• We can put different shapes on the High speed tool bits to cut different shapes on the workpiece
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Lathe operations
Facing off
Parallel Turning
Parallel Turning
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Parallel Turning• The tool moved parallel to
the work and cylindrical shapes are formed
• Also known as sliding
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Parallel Turning
• The student can Parallel turn the work on the lathe manually or use the automatic traverse option
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Facing off
• The tool is moved at right angles to the work using the cross slide
• Flat surfaces are produced
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Knurling
• A knurling tool is used to press a pattern onto a round section.
• The pattern is normally used as a grip for a handle.
• This provide a grip for the round parte.g. Screwdriver
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Knurling
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Parting off• If the student wants to cut
off the part they have turned, they can use the hacksaw and a vice or use the parting off tool on the lathe.
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Setting the tool height
• The cutting tool on the lathe must be set to the exact centre of the work-piece
• We use the centre of the tailstock to guide us to the correct height
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Screw-cutting on the lathe
• Lathes are also used to cut threads in round bars
• These threads take up different profiles e.g iso (60°) ACME etc.
• These threads can be seen on bench vices, lathes etc.
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CNC Lathes
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• In Industry it is not efficient or profitable to make everyday products by hand.
• On a CNC machine it is possible to make hundreds of the same item in a day.
• First a design is drawn using design software, then it is processed by the computer and made using the CNC machine.
• In industry, CNC machines can be extremely large.
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LATHE OPERATIONS
.
Producing a Cylindrical Surface
Taper Turning
Producing a Flat Surface
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Drilling on a Lathe
Parting Off / Under Cutting
Radius Turning Attachment