SPS 552SPORT FOR DISABLED

POPULATION( CEREBRAL PALSY)

PREPARED BY : MOHAMAD AMIN BIN MD JUSOH 2013640598 MUHAMAD AFIF BIN NASIR 2013237616 MUHAMAD SHUKRI BIN ISHAK 2013865702

PREPARED FOR : EN. AHMAD DZULKARNAIN BIN HAJI ISMAIL

OVERVIEW

I. DefinitionII. ClassificationsIII. CausesIV. TreatmentV. Safety PrecautionVI. Method of coachingVII. Equipment for CP populationVIII. List of Sport for CP population

DEFINITION OF CEREBRAL PALSY

A group of non progressive, non contagious disease that cause physical disability in human development.

Cerebral is refer to brain Palsy is refer to disordered movement or posture

BRAIN

1.Cerebrum - controlling these voluntary movements.

2.Basal ganglia - dysfunction has been associated with numerous debilitating conditions.

3.Cerebellum - sensory receptors to provide precise timing for coordinated.

SEVERITY LEVEL IN CEREBRAL PALSY

MILD MODERATE SEVERE NO CP

• A child can move without assistance• His or her daily activities are not limited.

• A child will need braces, medications, and adaptive technology to accomplish daily activities

• A child will require a wheelchair and will have significant challenges in accomplishing daily activities.

• The child has cerebral palsy signs, but the impairment was acquired after completion of brain development.• Classified under the incident that caused the cerebral palsy, such as traumatic brain injury.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CEREBRAL PALSY

•TOPOGRAPHICAL

BRAIN /LIMB AFFECTED

•NEUROMOTOR

MUSCLE CONTROL

•FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

SPORT RELATED

TOPOGRAPHICAL MONOPLEGIA

Any one body part involved Usually arm

Sign and symptoms Stiffness in muscle group or limb Problem with lifting, pulling and other basic functions

Treatment Therapy Orthopedic surgeon

TOPOGRAPHICAL DIPLEGIA

Major involvement of both lower limbs and minor involvement of both upper limbs

Sign and symptoms Paralysis symmetrical part of the body Balance and coordination problems Unable to walk at all

Treatment Therapy Orthopedic surgeon

TOPOGRAPHICAL HEMIPLEGIA

Involve of one complete side of the body ( arm and leg )

Sign and symptom Paralysis of the arm, leg and trunk on the same

side of the body

Treatment Therapy Botulinum toxin injections

TOPOGRAPHICAL PARAPLEGIA

Involvement of both lower limbs only

Sign and symptom Impairment in motor or lower

sensory function of lower extremities

Treatment Physical therapy

TOPOGRAPHICAL TRIPLEGIA

Any three limbs involved (a rare occurrence)

Sign and Symptoms Tight muscle tone Stiffness Jerky movements

Treatment Botulinum toxin injections

TOPOGRAPHICAL QUADRIPLEGIA

Also known as total body involvement ( all four limbs, head, neck, and trunk )

Sign and Symptoms Bowel and bladder incontinence. Sexual dysfunction. Impaired digestion. Difficulty breathing. Numbness and decreased sensation.

Treatment

Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS). Passive physical therapy

NEUROMOTOR

Uses currently by the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy( AACP ) Important to understand that the characteristic

described under each type because it might overlap each other

The most common overlapping symptoms include are : Spastic Athetosis Ataxis

SPASTICITY

The most common type of cerebral palsy, occurring in 70-80% of all cases.

Spasticity result from damage to motor areas of the cerebrum.

This increased muscle tone and stiffness in spastic cerebral palsy can limit the range of movement in the joints.

Spastic cerebral palsy also limits stretching of muscles in daily activities and causes the development of muscle and joint deformities.

SPASTICITY

ATHETOSIS

Athetoid refers to the type of cerebral palsy with abnormal, involuntary movements and occurs in 40% of all cases.

Damage to the basal ganglia. Result in an overflow of motor impulses to

the muscle. Affects muscles that control the head,

neck, limbs and trunk. Difficulty to eating, drinking and speaking

ATHETOSIS

ATAXIA

Ataxia is the least common type occurring in only 5%-10% of cases.

Damage to the cerebellum. Ataxia refers to a lack of balance and

coordination. Difficulty with basic motor and

patterns, especially locomotor skills such as running.

ATAXIA

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

A functional classification scheme is commonly used today in the field of education.

According to this classification system, person are placed into one of eight ability classes, according to the severity of disability.

Class I denotes severe impairment, while class VIII denotes very minimal impairment.

In individual competition, player in the same classification can compete against each other.

In team activities, player of the same class can be placed on separate teams so that each team is composed of players of similar functional levels.

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION FOR CEREBRAL PALSY

NO CLASSIFICATION FOR CEREBRAL PALSY

1 Severe Spasticity and/or Athetosis

2 Severe to moderate Spastic or Athetoid Quadriplegic

3 Moderate Quadriplegic or Triplegic

4 Moderate to severe Diplegic

5 Moderate to severe Diplegic or Hemiplegic

6 Moderate to severe Quadriplegic

7 Moderate to minimal Spastic Hemiplegic

8 Minimal hemiplegic

TREATMENT FOR CEREBRAL PALSY

PHYSICAL THERAPHY MEDICINE

Begin soon after a child is diagnosed and often continues throughout his or her life.

Examples : Aqua therapy, Acupuncture, physical therapy and physiotherapy.

Help control of the symptoms of CP and prevent complications

Examples : Anticholinergics and injectable antispasmodics

TREATMENT FOR CEREBRAL PALSY

Surgery

Orthopedic surgery used for muscle, tendon, and joint

SAFETY PRECAUTION

Keep walkways clear of clutter and other objects Supervise activities involving the use of sharp

objects All program should be conducted in a safe and

secure environment. Teachers or coaches should closely monitor games

and activity. Be able to administer basic first aid ensure an injury

report form is completed

METHODS OF COACHING CEREBRAL PALSY Try not to talk too fast – it may take longer for a child with

cerebral palsy to process the words they hear. Speak in short, clear sentences. Use everyday words and literal language wherever possible

and avoid abbreviations, acronyms, sarcasm, or metaphor. Gestures and facial expressions will give visual clues about

what you are saying. Ask questions one at a time and allow the child time to

respond. Consider questions which require a yes/no answer if the

child’s communication is very limited. Don’t pretend to understand the child’s responses if you

haven’t. Ask the child to repeat their answer.

METHODS OF COACHING CEREBRAL PALSY

EQUIPMENT OF CEREBRAL PALSY

SLANTED WRITING BOARD

PENSIL GRIP

POSITIONING SUPPLIES FOR

CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

AND OTHER DISABILITIES

COMFORT GRIP UTENSILS

(RIGHT-HANDED DESSERT SPOON)

SPORTS FOR CEREBRAL PALSY POPULATION

ATHLETICS

BOCCIA

TABLE TENNIS

NORDIC SKIING

REFERENCES

Joseph P.W Adapted Physical Education and Sport 4th Edition

http://cerebralpalsy.org/about-cerebral-palsy/types

http://www.brainandspinalcord.org/cerebral-palsy/types/mixed-cerebral-palsy