cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

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Maria Vander Kolk Dr. Grayheart

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Page 1: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

Maria Vander Kolk

Dr. Grayheart

Page 2: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

Cerebral palsy (CP) is an abnormality of

motor function (as opposed to mental

function) and postural tone that is acquired

at an early age, even before birth.

Signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy usually

show in the first year of life.

Page 3: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

Events that happen during pregnancy can cause Cerebral Palsy.

The premature brain is at a high risk of bleeding, and when severe enough, it can result in cerebral palsy. Children that are born prematurely can also develop serious respiratory distress due to immature and poorly developed lungs. This can lead to periods of decreased oxygen delivered to the brain that might result in cerebral palsy

White matter abnormalities are observed in many cases of cerebral palsy.

Genetic disorders

Stroke

Blood Clots

Infections of the brain

Rare cause is lack of oxygen to the brain at delivery (seizures, irritability, jitteriness, feeding and respiratory problems, lethargy, and coma depending on severity.

Page 4: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

Issues with the following…

Muscle tone

Movement, coordinaiton, and control

Reflexes

Posture

Balance

Fine motor function

Gross motor function

Oromotor dysfunction- difficulty using the lips, tongue, and

jaw

Developmental delay

Developmental milestones lacking

Page 5: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

Spastic

Ataxia

Athetoid

Mixed

Page 6: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

Spastic cerebral palsy, the most common

form of the disease, occurs when the brain

damage occurs in the outer layer of the

brain, the cerebral cortex. It is estimated

that this form of CP affects between 70 to 80

percent of patients. Spastic CP affects

patients in different ways, depending on the

areas of the body it affects. It can affect one

side of the body or just the legs.

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Low muscle tone and poor coordination of movements is described as ataxic cerebral palsy. Children with ataxic cerebral palsy look very unsteady and shaky. This rare form of cerebral palsy affects the sense of balance and depth perception. Affected persons often have poor coordination and walk unsteadily with a wide based gait, placing their feet unusually far apart. They have a lot of shakiness, like a tremor you might have seen in a very old person, especially when they are trying to handle or hold a small object such as a pen. Because of the shaky movements and problems coordinating their muscles, children with ataxic cerebral palsy may take longer than other children to complete certain tasks such as writing a sentence. This form affects about 5-10 percent of the children diagnosed with cerebral palsy.

Page 10: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

About 10 percent of children with cerebral palsy have athetoid cerebral palsy. Athetoid cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the cerebellum or basal ganglia. These areas of the brain are responsible for processing the signals that enable smooth, coordinated movements as well as maintaining body posture. Damage to these areas may cause a child to develop involuntary, purposeless movements, especially in the face, arms, and trunk. These involuntary movements often interfere with speaking, feeding, reaching, grasping, and other skills requiring coordinated movements. For example, involuntary grimacing and tongue thrusting may lead to swallowing problems, drooling and slurred speech. The movements often increase during periods of emotional stress and disappear during sleep. In addition, children with athetoid cerebral palsy often have low muscle tone and have problems maintaining posture for sitting and walking.

Page 11: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

About ten percent of children with cerebral palsy have what is known a mixed-type cerebral palsy. These children have both the tight muscle tone of spastic cerebral palsy and the involuntary movements of athetoid cerebral palsy. This is because they have injuries to both the pyramidal and extrapyramidal areas of the brain. Usually the spasticity is more obvious at first, with involuntary movements increasing when the child is between nine months and three years old. The most common mixed form includes spasticity and athetoid movements, but other combinations are also possible.

Page 12: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

The physical therapist evaluates muscle tone, strength and gait

(walking).

The occupational therapist reviews the child's ability to perform

tasks of self-help and care -- from feeding to manual dexterity.

The speech therapist evaluates the child's ability to speak and

understand speech.

Medications for spasticity, seizures, surgery for spasticity,

seizures, and vision issues are also treatment options.

Children will need specialized medical care by a doctor to work

with their diagnosis.

Because physicians have offered limited hope in curing

cerebral palsy, many families have turned to alternative

methods in the treatment of their children. Such therapies

may include diets, herbal remedies, aromas, play with

animals, and hyperbaric oxygen.

Page 13: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

Some of them such as poor speech, swallowing disorders, drooling, and poor fine or

gross motor coordination are the result of the motor disorder affecting specific

muscles involved in those functions. Other conditions are the results of simultaneous

injuries in areas of the brain besides the motor areas.

Cognitive disabilities, sometimes referred to as developmental delay, is often

associated with cerebral palsy. Up to 50% of patients with cerebral palsy have

cognitive disabilities. However, many of these children can be educated and lead

productive lives and are usually only mildly or not at all intellectually impaired.

Small head size

Seizures

Vision issues

It is difficult for children with cerebral palsy to gain weight and frequently have

delayed growth. Can cause gastroesophageal reflux or obesity.

Urinary tract infections

Osteoporosis

Fractures

Constipation

Page 14: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

Since cerebral palsy is actually a set of symptoms associated with

a variety of causes, potential treatments will have to be diverse.

Many scientists are now focusing on recent discoveries that

suggest we will be able to replace lost or damaged brain cells.

We must recognize that many, and possibly most, children with

cerebral palsy can lead full, meaningful, and happy lives. The

team of parents, caregivers, and health practitioners have the

responsibility to help the child with cerebral palsy achieve this

goal.

We must be sure not to leave children with CP behind and

understand that they have unique qualities to share.

Page 15: Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290

www.medicinenet.com/cerebral_palsy/page6

.htm

www.cerebralpalsy.org/what-is-cerebral-

palsy/symptoms/

http://www.cerebralpalsylawdoctor.com/cer

ebral-palsy/types/spastic/

http://www.about-cerebral-

palsy.org/definition/mixed-cerebral-

palsy.html