Physical Disabilities, Health Impairment and

Severe Disabilities

By:Russelle Mae L. Balones

CEREBRAL PALSY

• The disturbance of voluntary motor functions that may include paralysis, extreme weakness, lack of coordination, involuntary convulsions and other motor disorders.

• A long term condition resulting from a lesion to the brain or an abnormality of brain growth.

Specific Types of CEREBRAL PALSY

• Hypertonia• Hypotonia• Athetosis• Ataxia• Rigidity• Tremor• Mixed type

HYPERTONIA(spasticity)

This is characterized by tense,

contracted muscles and the

movements mat be jerky,

exaggerated and poorly

coordinated.

Deformities of the spine, hip

dislocation and contractures of

the hand, elbow, foot, and

knee are common.

HYPERTONIA(SPASTICITY)

HYPOTONIA(floppy muscle

syndrome)

• poor muscle tone particularly

in the neck and trunk

•  usually detected at birth or

during infancy

• a child with hypotonia has

low level of motor activity,

slow to make balancing

responses and may not walk

until 30 months of age.

ATHETOSIS

• slow, worm-like involuntary,

uncontrollable and purposeless

movements

• a child with this condition

may not be able to control the

muscles of the tongue, throat,

and may drool so there is

difficulty in oral language.

ATHETOSIS

ATAXIA

Poor coordination and

unsteadiness due to the brain's

failure to regulate the body's

posture and regulate the

strength and direction of limb

movements.

It is a disturbance of balance

and equilibrium resulting in a

gait like that of a drunken

person when walking and may

fall easily if not supported.

CEREBRAL PALSY

RIGIDITY TREMOR

• The quality or

state of stiffness

or inflexibility.

• The marked

resistance of the

muscles to passive

motion and display

extreme stiffness

in affected limbs.

• Uncontrollable

shaking, interfering

with coordination.

• Marked by rythmic,

uncontrollable

movements or

trembling of the

body or limbs.

• A child’s impairments

can fall into both

categories, spastic and

non-spastic, referred to

as mixed cerebral

palsy. The most

common form of mixed

cerebral palsy involves

some limbs affected by

spasticity and others

by athetosis..

MIXED TYPE

SPINA BIFIDA

A type of birth defect called a

neural tube defect. It occurs

when the bones of the spine

(vertebrae) don't form properly

around part of the baby's

spinal cord.

As a result, a portion of the

spinal cord and the nerves that

normally control muscles and

feeling in the lower part of the

body fail to develop.

Spina bifida can be mild or

severe.

SPINAL CORD INJURIES

• These are results of

accidents.

• Injury in the spinal

column is generally

described by letters

and numbers

indicating the site of

the damage.

TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

• This is commonly caused by

injuries to the head as results

from automobile, motorcycle and

bicycle accidents, falls, assaults,

gunshots, wounds and child

abuse.

• Temporary or lasting symptoms

may include cognitive and

language deficits, memory loss,

seizures and perceptual

disorders.