cern neutrinos to gran sasso: the cngs facility at cern l edda gschwendtner, cern

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WIN’11 CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN WIN’11, Cape Town, South Africa, 31 st Jan – 5 th Feb 2011

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WIN’11, Cape Town, South Africa, 31 st Jan – 5 th Feb 2011. CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN. Lake Geneva. LHC. CNGS. SPS. CERN. PS. Outline. Introduction to CNGS at CERN Layout and Main Parameters Performance and Operational Experience - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

CERN Neutrinos to Gran SassoThe CNGS Facility at CERN

l

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

WINrsquo11 Cape Town South Africa 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2

Outline

bull Introduction to CNGS at CERN

bull Layout and Main Parameters

bull Performance and Operational Experience

bull Operating a High Intensity Facility

bull Summary

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

WINrsquo11Neutrino Introduction

m232hellip governs the to oscillation

Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos

K2K NuMI

CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment

bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso

Italy (732km)

CERN

Gran Sasso

3

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4

Introduction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

producemuon-neutrinos

measuretau-neutrinos

CERN

Gra

n Sa

sso

732km

~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)

Physics started in 2008 today 951019 pot

Expect ~10 events in OPERA

Approved for 2251019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year (200 days intensity of 241013 potextraction )

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 5

Introduction

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

500m

1000m 3000m

Beam optimization Intensity as high as possible Neutrino energy matched for -

appearance experiments

WINrsquo11How to Detect a Tau Neutrino interaction in the target produces a lepton lepton very short lifetime

e- h

3h

Identification of tau by the characteristic lsquokinkrsquo on the decay point

Tau lifetime 2910-13sclifetime 87 m

Need high resolution detector to observe the kinkLarge mass due to small interaction probability

CNGS tau lorenzboost of ~10Tau tracklength ~1mm

6

WINrsquo11Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA 12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

7

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 8

CNGS Classical method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 2: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2

Outline

bull Introduction to CNGS at CERN

bull Layout and Main Parameters

bull Performance and Operational Experience

bull Operating a High Intensity Facility

bull Summary

CERNPS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

WINrsquo11Neutrino Introduction

m232hellip governs the to oscillation

Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos

K2K NuMI

CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment

bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso

Italy (732km)

CERN

Gran Sasso

3

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4

Introduction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

producemuon-neutrinos

measuretau-neutrinos

CERN

Gra

n Sa

sso

732km

~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)

Physics started in 2008 today 951019 pot

Expect ~10 events in OPERA

Approved for 2251019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year (200 days intensity of 241013 potextraction )

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 5

Introduction

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

500m

1000m 3000m

Beam optimization Intensity as high as possible Neutrino energy matched for -

appearance experiments

WINrsquo11How to Detect a Tau Neutrino interaction in the target produces a lepton lepton very short lifetime

e- h

3h

Identification of tau by the characteristic lsquokinkrsquo on the decay point

Tau lifetime 2910-13sclifetime 87 m

Need high resolution detector to observe the kinkLarge mass due to small interaction probability

CNGS tau lorenzboost of ~10Tau tracklength ~1mm

6

WINrsquo11Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA 12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

7

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 8

CNGS Classical method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 3: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11Neutrino Introduction

m232hellip governs the to oscillation

Up to now only measured by disappearance of muon neutrinosbull Produce muon neutrino beam measure muon neutrino flux at near detectorbull Extrapolate muon neutrino flux to a far detectorbull Measure muon neutrino flux at far detectorbull Difference is interpreted as oscillation from muon neutrinos to undetected tau neutrinos

K2K NuMI

CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) long base-line appearance experiment

bull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso

Italy (732km)

CERN

Gran Sasso

3

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4

Introduction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

producemuon-neutrinos

measuretau-neutrinos

CERN

Gra

n Sa

sso

732km

~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)

Physics started in 2008 today 951019 pot

Expect ~10 events in OPERA

Approved for 2251019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year (200 days intensity of 241013 potextraction )

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 5

Introduction

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

500m

1000m 3000m

Beam optimization Intensity as high as possible Neutrino energy matched for -

appearance experiments

WINrsquo11How to Detect a Tau Neutrino interaction in the target produces a lepton lepton very short lifetime

e- h

3h

Identification of tau by the characteristic lsquokinkrsquo on the decay point

Tau lifetime 2910-13sclifetime 87 m

Need high resolution detector to observe the kinkLarge mass due to small interaction probability

CNGS tau lorenzboost of ~10Tau tracklength ~1mm

6

WINrsquo11Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA 12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

7

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 8

CNGS Classical method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 4: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4

Introduction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

producemuon-neutrinos

measuretau-neutrinos

CERN

Gra

n Sa

sso

732km

~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)

Physics started in 2008 today 951019 pot

Expect ~10 events in OPERA

Approved for 2251019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year (200 days intensity of 241013 potextraction )

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 5

Introduction

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

500m

1000m 3000m

Beam optimization Intensity as high as possible Neutrino energy matched for -

appearance experiments

WINrsquo11How to Detect a Tau Neutrino interaction in the target produces a lepton lepton very short lifetime

e- h

3h

Identification of tau by the characteristic lsquokinkrsquo on the decay point

Tau lifetime 2910-13sclifetime 87 m

Need high resolution detector to observe the kinkLarge mass due to small interaction probability

CNGS tau lorenzboost of ~10Tau tracklength ~1mm

6

WINrsquo11Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA 12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

7

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 8

CNGS Classical method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 5: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 5

Introduction

Posccc (arbitrary units)

-fluence

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso

500m

1000m 3000m

Beam optimization Intensity as high as possible Neutrino energy matched for -

appearance experiments

WINrsquo11How to Detect a Tau Neutrino interaction in the target produces a lepton lepton very short lifetime

e- h

3h

Identification of tau by the characteristic lsquokinkrsquo on the decay point

Tau lifetime 2910-13sclifetime 87 m

Need high resolution detector to observe the kinkLarge mass due to small interaction probability

CNGS tau lorenzboost of ~10Tau tracklength ~1mm

6

WINrsquo11Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA 12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

7

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 8

CNGS Classical method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 6: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11How to Detect a Tau Neutrino interaction in the target produces a lepton lepton very short lifetime

e- h

3h

Identification of tau by the characteristic lsquokinkrsquo on the decay point

Tau lifetime 2910-13sclifetime 87 m

Need high resolution detector to observe the kinkLarge mass due to small interaction probability

CNGS tau lorenzboost of ~10Tau tracklength ~1mm

6

WINrsquo11Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA 12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

7

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 8

CNGS Classical method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 7: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso

ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC

OPERA 12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks

7

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 8

CNGS Classical method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 8: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 8

CNGS Classical method to produce neutrino beam

p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)

Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 9: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 9

CERN PS

SPS

LHC

CNGS

Lake Geneva

CERN Accelerator Complex

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull mm

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 10: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 10

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector 1

muon detector 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 11: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11

secondary beam area most challenging zone (targetndashmagnetic horns)

CNGS Challenges and Design Criteriabull High Intensity High Energy Proton Beam (500kW 400GeVc)

ndash Induced radioactivity bull In components shielding fluids etchellip

ndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquobull Remote handling by overhead cranebull Replace broken equipment no repairbull Human intervention only after long lsquocooling timersquo

ndash Design of equipment compromisebull Eg horn inner conductor for neutrino yield thin tube for reliability thick tube

bull Intense Short Beam Pulses Small Beam Spot(up to 35x1013 per 105 s extraction lt 1 mm spot)

ndash Thermo mechanical shocks by energy deposition (designing target rods thin windows etchellip)

Proton beam needs tuning interlocks

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 12: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12

CNGS Primary Beam Line

840 m total length 100 m extraction together with LHC

Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles

ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets

ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target

bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens

bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors

ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 13: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 13

Primary Beam Line

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 14: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Downstream end of the proton beam last beam position and beam profile monitors

BN collimator d=14mm

Be window t=100m

CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 15: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

bull Air cooled graphite target

bull Multiplicity detector ndash TBID ionization chambers

bull 2 magnetic horns (horn and reflector)

bull Decay tube

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations ndash Muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 16: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16

CNGS Target

CNGS Target 13 graphite rods

each 10 cm long Oslash = 5 mm andor 4 mm 27 interaction length

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses - target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 17: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17

CNGS Target

Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 18: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m longbull inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)

Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit to evacuate 26kW

ndash In situ spare easy switchndash Remote water connection

bull Remote handling amp electrical connectionsbull Remote and quick polarity change

035 m

inner conductor

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 19: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11Decay Tube

ndash 994m longndash steel pipendash 1mbarndash 245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete ndash entrance window 3mm Tindash exit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 20: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 20

60cm

270cm

1125cm

bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)

bull 2 x 1 movable monitor

LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separationbull N2 gas filling

CNGS

bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s

Muon Monitors

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 21: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 21

CNGS Timeline until Today

Repairs amp improvements

in the horns

Additional shielding

Reconfiguration of

service electronics

Target inspection

Civil engineering

works for the drains

amp water evacuation

2000-2005Civil

Engineering Installation

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

OPERA detectorready

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 22: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11CNGS Run 2010

00E+00

50E+18

10E+19

15E+19

20E+19

25E+19

30E+19

35E+19

40E+19

45E+19

22

-Ap

r

2-M

ay

12

-Ma

y

22

-Ma

y

1-J

un

11

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n

1-J

ul

11

-Ju

l

21

-Ju

l

31

-Ju

l

10

-Au

g

20

-Au

g

30

-Au

g

9-S

ep

19

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

9-O

ct

19

-Oc

t

29

-Oc

t

8-N

ov

18

-No

v

28

-No

v

Expected protons on target

Achieved protons on target

Achieved protons on target 404E19 Expected protons on target 383E19

SPS CNGS efficiency 8115

22

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 23: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23

CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

000E+00

500E+18

100E+19

150E+19

200E+19

250E+19

300E+19

350E+19

400E+19

450E+19

500E+19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230

days

pro

ton

s o

n t

arg

et

404E19 pot

2010 (218days)

352E19 pot2009 (180 days)

178E19 pot2008 (133days)

Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr

Total today 95E19 pot

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 24: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24

SPS Efficiencies for CNGS

Integrated efficiency 6094

Integrated efficiency 7286

2008 2009

Integrated efficiency 8115

2010

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 25: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 25

CNGS Operation in 20092010bull Improvements in SPS control system

ndash Allows fast switching between super cycles gain in time bull Improvements in CNGS facility and shutdown work

ndash No additional stops for maintenance

2009 11 more protons on target than expected

2010 5 more pot than expected

57 duty cycle for CNGS with LHC operation and Fixed Target program

5 beam cycles to CNGS1 beam cycle toFix Target Experiments

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 26: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 2626

CNGS Performance Beam IntensityProtons on target per extraction for 2010

Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 94Injection losses ~ 6

Nominal beam intensity24E13 potextraction

Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Mean 188E13 potextraction

2E13 potextr

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 27: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 27

Beam Position on Target

bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run

bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only

Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target

shielding

shielding

horntarget

collimator

BPM

beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]

RMS =54m RMS =77m

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 28: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 28

targetmagnetichorns

decay tunnel

hadron absorber

muon detector pit 1

muon detector pit 2

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 29: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 29

Muon Monitors

270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam

ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not

Muon Profiles Pit 1

Muon Profiles Pit 2

ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level

Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 30: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 30

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

Beam position correlated to beam position on target ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on target

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10

29

00

0

10

29

02

8

10

29

05

7

10

29

12

6

10

29

15

5

10

29

22

4

10

29

25

2

10

29

32

1

10

29

35

0

10

29

41

9

10

29

44

8

10

29

51

6

10

29

54

5

10

29

61

4

10

29

64

3

cm

~80m parallel beam shift 5cm shift of muon profile centroid

Centroid of horizontal profile pit2

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 31: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity Puzzlebull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction

betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative

charge)270cm

1125cm

Muon Detector

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 31WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 32: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well

(absolute comparison within 5 in first muon pit)

Lines simulated m fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrino Focusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA s

imul

ation

s P

Sal

a et

al 2

008

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 32WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 33: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 33

Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations

pit 1 Horizontal

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 1

pit 1 Vertical

0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575

cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Vertical Profile Pit 2

pit 2 Horizontal

0

0002

0004

0006

0008

001

0012

0014

-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm

ch

po

t

measurement

simulation

Horizontal Profile Pit 2

MeasurementsSimulations

P S

ala

et a

l FL

UKA

sim

ulati

ons

2008

Data amp simulation agree within 5 (~10) in first (second) muon pitWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 34: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Operating a High Intensity Facility

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 34WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 35: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo112005-07 Magnetic Horns Repair and Improvements

Water leak Failure in one ceramic

connector in drainage of the 2nd magnetic hornminus Repair work and design

improvements in the cooling circuit on both magnetic horns detailled radiation dose planning extra shielding

Damage in one of the flexible strip-line connectors

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011Edda Gschwendtner CERN 35

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 36: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 36

Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots

A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008

Ventilation units in the service gallery

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 37: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

11th ICATPP Villa Olmo Como 5-9 Oct 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 37

2007-2008 CNGS Radiation Issues

106 hcm2yr2008++

Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS

tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which

needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3

thick shielding walls

200607

109 hcm2yr

p-beam target chamber p-beam target chamberWINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

37

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 38: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

38

2009-2010 Sump and Ventilation System Modification and Improvements

Modification ofbull Sump system in the CNGS area

avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamberndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work

bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber TCC4 under pressure wrt the other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water

2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 39: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11CNGS 2011

Physics run starts on 18th March 2011End of physics 21st November 2011

If all goes well as in 2010 we expect more than 45E19 protons on target in 2011

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 39WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

2011 Injector Schedule

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 40: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 40

Summary

bull All issues at CNGS so far come from lsquoperipheral equipmentrsquo and general services

ndash start-up issues of CNGS have been overcome

bull BUT Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Tritium issue fatigue corrosionhellip

bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Expect to have 14 E19 pot by end of 2011ndash CERN will continue with physics running in 2012ndash 1 year stop in 2013

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 41: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 41

Additional slides

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 42: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 42

CNGS Primary Beambull Extraction interlock modified to accommodate the simultaneous operation of LHC

and CNGSndash Good performance no incidents

bull No extraction and transfer line lossesbull Trajectory tolerance 4mm last monitors to +-2mm and +- 05mm (last 2 monitors)

ndash Largest excursion just exceed 2mm

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

2mm

2mm

Primary proton beam trajectory

840m

target

Extracted SPS beam

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 43: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 43

Beam Stability Seen on Muon Monitors

bull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~2-3cm rms

Horizontal centroid [mm]

RMS =302cm

Vertical centroid [mm]

RMS =26cm

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 44: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 44

Continuous Surveillance

The CNGS facility is well monitored Redundancy is important

Protons on TargetExtractionTemp downstream HornHorn water conductivityHorn cooling water temperature

45deg

60deg

2deg

11deg

13deg

20deg22E13

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 45: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11Intensity Limitations from the CNGS Facility

Intensity per PS batch PS batches

Int per SPS cycle

200 days 100 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency no sharing

200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing

[prot6s cycle]

[potyear] [potyear] [potyear]

24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019

35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)

Design limit for target horn kicker

instrumentation

CNGS working hypothesis

Working hypothesis for RP calculations

Design limit for horn shielding decay tube

hadron stop

Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 14E7 pulses spare horn

Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 46: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 46

Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS

ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance

ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters

Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn

Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch

Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al

Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting

MTE extracted beam in 2009 during Machine Development periods2010 Started with MTE then classical extraction

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 47: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 47

CNGS Performance - Reminder

Examples effect on ντ cc events

horn off axis by 6mm lt 3

reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm

CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011

Page 48: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso: The CNGS Facility at CERN l Edda Gschwendtner, CERN

WINrsquo11

Edda Gschwendtner CERN 48

Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400

Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7

Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016

Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20

extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms

Batch length [s] 105

of bunches per pulse 2100

Intensity per extraction 24 1013

Bunch length [ns] (4) 2

Bunch spacing [ns] 5

Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20

Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm

Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003

CNGS Proton Beam Parameters

Dedicated mode500kW

beam power

WINrsquo11 Cape Town 31st Jan ndash 5th Feb 2011