CERN overview

Frank Zimmermann, Frankfurt am Main, 13 November 2008

Thanks to: Markus Aicheler, Ralph Assmann, Bernhard Auchmann, Kurt Aulenbacher, Hans Braun, Rama Calaga, Allen Caldwell, Bernd Dehning, Frank Gerigk, Massimo Giovannozzi, Alex Herlert, Anke-Susanne Müller, Yannis Papaphilippou, Peter Peiffer, Robert Rossmanith, Rüdiger Schmidt, Haris Skokos, Ralph Steinhagen, Guoxing Xia, …

contentsCERN projects & future plans

existing & proposed areas of collaboration with German universities

CERN• founded in 1954• financed by >20 European countries• laboratory straddles the Swiss-French

border west of the city of Geneva• with the participation of the United

States, Canada, Japan, Russia, India and others, CERN’s main accelerator, the LHC, is the first global project in particle physics

CERN flagship accelerators• PS – Proton Synchrotron (1959-)• ISR - Intersecting Storage Rings (1971-

1985)• SPS – Super Proton Synchrotron

(1976-)• LEP – Large Electron-Positron storage

ring (1989-2001)• LHC – Large Hadron Collider (2008-)• SLHC – Super LHC (~2017-)• CLIC – Compact Linear Collider

(~2023?-)colour code: stopped, in operation, planned

first strong-focusing proton ring !

first hadron collider!

first proton-antiproton collider!

highest energy e+e- collider!

highest energy proton/ion collider!

CTF-3

… and there are some German physicists at CERN

LHC SLHCfixed-target

programme

injector

upgrade

ISOLDE

where to collaborate?

CLIC

CTF3

n’s, b beams LHeC

advanced

concepts

CERN accelerator projects

deutscheUniversität

Large Hadron Collider (LHC)proton-protonand ion-ioncollider

next energy-frontier discovery machine

c.m. energy 14 TeV(7x Tevatron)

design pp luminosity1034 cm-2s-1

(~100x Tevatron)

LHC baseline was pushed in competition with SSC (†1993)

beam commissioning started 10 September

10

at 30 knots

nominal LHC:total stored energy=11 GJ

[K.H. Mess, Chamonix 01]

at <1% of nominal intensity LHC enters new territory

R. Assmann

LHC collimation & protectioncollimators and materials for high intensity beam, including new collimation technologiesR. Assmann/CERN, J. Stadlmann/GSI, FP7 ColMat collaborators in Europe, LARP collaborators in UShigh intensity beam interaction with matter (HiRadMat facility at SPS)R. Schmidt, R. Assmann/CERN

material damage from proton and ion beams innovative composite materials for accelerators precision control of mechanical systems in radioactive environments EM field calculations for materials close to charged beams (“impedance”) beam diagnostics in collimator blocks (beam position, …) cryogenic collimators new accelerator physics solutions for collimation (crystals, e-beam lens, non-

linear) sound/vibration measurements for LHC collimators (cables already installed) massive parallel tracking for beam halo, including GRID resources

proposed collaboration&/or PhD projects

collaboration in EU FP7

FP7

High-Energy Hadron Fluences104

e.g., some estimated LHC-levels for hadrons (E > 20 MeV) per cm2 per nominal year

105 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012

Aircraft Altitudes

LHC Machine electronics equipment LHC Detectors

sea Level

(Lowest !!!)

Airbus A330 UAs UJ76

Under ARC dipole

Under ARC quad

RE38

RR53RR77UX85

DS Q8UX45

UJ33

1013

TAN

T. Wijnands, M. Brugger

(low)UAs

(peak)UJ32CNGS

2007 Some

Failures

LHC radiation issuesintegration of radiation tolerant analog circuits in ASICsB. Dehning/CERN

measurement of He3 in HeliumR. Schmidt/CERN

activation of LHC equipmentR. Schmidt/CERN

proposed collaboration

proposed collaboration

proposed collaboration

Beam Loss Acquisition Card Radiation Tolerant Analog Inputs in an ASIC

8 discrete current inputs (CFC) ADC AD41240 CERN ASIC LM4140 voltage reference Anti-fuse FPGA as data combiner Two redundant GOH from CMS

(including CERN ASIC) Line driver CRT910 CERN ASIC DAC AD5346 Card tested up to a Dose of 500 Gy

Replacements of discrete analog current to frequency converters (CFC) by radiation tolerant ASIC

CERN, B. Dehning

electron cloud in the LHC

schematic of e- cloud build up in the arc beam pipe,due to photoemission and secondary emission

[F. Ruggiero]

LHC electron cloudelectron-cloud in cryogenic environment F. Zimmermann/CERN , A.S. Müller, S. Casalbuoni & K. Sonnad, Universität Karlsruhe

heat load experiments with ANKA in-vacuum s.c. undulator simulations

electron-microwave interactionF. Caspers, F. Zimmermann/CERN , A.S. Müller, S. Casalbuoni & K. Sonnad, Universität Karlsruhe

microwave for diagnostics and/or suppression microwaves as threat: “magnetron effect” experimental tests at ANKA simulations

proposed PhD project

proposed PhD project

7TeV• 8.33T• 11850A• 7MJ

s.c. magnets for SLHC & new injectorsnumerical methods for 3D magnetic field calculationsS. Rjasanov/Universität des Saarlandes, FR 6.1 MathematikB. Auchmann/CERN AT/MEI-FP, ROXIE-code für das elektromagnetische Design von supraleitenden Magneten

Titel: Hochpräzise Numerik für Wirbelstromprobleme basierend auf schnellen Randelementmethoden höherer Ordnung

DFG Antrag auf Gewährung von Sachbeihilfe bewilligt. Projektbeginn: März 2008 Projektdauer: 3 Jahre

activity ongoing & supported!

beam imaging using micro-vertex detectorsR. Schmidt/CERN

longitudinal and transverse electro-optical sampling of charged particle beams

optical hybrids and beam signal processing techniques

other methods based on e.g. magnetic sampling (Hall effect)

R. Steinhagen, R. Jones/CERN

LHC advanced beam diagnostics

target: minimise intrinsic limitations of classical electro-magnetic beam instrumentation (relying on buttons, strip-lines, cavities, wall-current etc.) and to optimise its known constraints such as 'common-mode', EMC robustness, measurement drifts, bandwidth (target: 10++ GHz), costs etc.

possible collaboration topic

possible collaboration topic

LHC forecast peak & integrated luminosity evolution

Collimation phase 2

Linac4 + IR

upgrade

phase 1

New injectors + IR

upgrade

phase 2

ATLAS will need ~18 months

shutdown

goal for ATLAS Upgrade:3000 fb-1 recorded

cope with ~400 pile-up events each BC M. Nessi, R. Garoby

LHC upgrade pathsstronger triplet magnets

D0 dipole

small-angle

crab cavity

early separation (ES)

stronger triplet magnets

small-angle

crab cavity

full crab crossing (FCC)

wirecompensator

larger-aperture triplet magnets

large Piwinski angle (LPA)

reviewed by LHCC, 1 July 2008

experimenters’ choice (2008):

no accelerator components inside detectorlowest possible event pile uppossibility of easy luminosity levelling

→ full crab crossing upgrade

optimization of cavity/coupler design novel cavity concepts cryostat design incl. interface to CERN

infrastructure strong-strong beam-beam effects with crab impedance including stability requirements low level RF (incl. DESY?) testing cavities, e.g. on copper model power systems: CC specific requirements, R&D on SPS 800 MHz power systems other beam dynamics studies like noise beam experiments in AD or SPS 

LOM/SOM

HOMFPC

LOM/SOM

HOMFPC

Z. Li et al. (SLAC)

Y. Morita et al. (KEK)

G. Burt et al (LU/DL/CI)

(S)LHC crab crossing scheme

R. Calaga, BNL/US-LARP; R. Tomas, J. Tuckmantel, F. Zimmermann, CERN; DESY?; FNAL; UK

proposed topics of collaboration:

Compact Crab Cavities

UK-JLAb Rod Structure

FNAL Mushroom CavitySLAC ½ Wave & Spoke Structures

BNL TM010, BP Offset KEK Kota Cavity

PSB

SPS SPS+

Linac4

(LP)SPL

PS

LHC / SLHC DLHC

Out

put e

nerg

y

160 MeV

1.4 GeV4 GeV

26 GeV50 GeV

450 GeV1 TeV

7 TeV~ 14 TeV

Linac250 MeV

(LP)SPL: (Low Power) Superconducting Proton Linac (4-5 GeV)

PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)

SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)

SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)

DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)

Proton flux / Beam power

present and future LHC injectors

PS2

Roland Garoby, LHCC 1July ‘08

layout of new LHC injectorsSPS

PS2, ~2017

SPL,~2017

Linac4~2012

PS

R. Garoby, CARE-HHH BEAM07, October’07; L. Evans, LHCC, 20 Feb ‘08

R&D on superconducting RF cavities C. Welsch/Universität Heidelberg, W. Weingarten/CERN

calculation of higher order modes of SPL cavitiesC. Welsch/Universität Heidelberg, F. Gerigk/CERN

superconducting RF for SPL

collaboration ongoing

collaboration ongoing

LHeC based on e- ring or e- linac

SPL as e- recirculating linac

as future e- injector and/or as first-stage ep collider

design study for an electron ring in the LHC tunnel H. Burkhardt /CERN, A. S. Müller, G. Quast, University Karlsruheion effects in recirculating electron linacs or ERLs Frank Zimmermann/CERN, A.S. Müller, S. Casalbuoni & K. Sonnad, Uni. Karlsruhe

Large Hadron Electron Colliderproposed subjects for PhD theses:

Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) beam is separated in transverse phase space using

nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles ad octupoles) to create stable islands

slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross resonance beneficial effects:

reduced losses; improved phase-space matching beamlets have equal emittance and optical parameters

M. Giovannozzi

Multi-Turn Injection (MTI) new application efficient method to create hollow beams

M. Giovannozzi, J. Morel, PRST-AB, 10, 034001 (2007)

“Standard” hollow beam distribution

“flat” beam distribution obtained by injecting a fifth turn in the centre.

M. Giovannozzi

PS multi-turn extraction & injectionM. Giovannozzi/CERN, A. S. Müller, G. Quast, University Karlsruhe possible subjects for PhD thesis: MTE:

details of splitting process, analytical and numerical optimisation (final vs initial beam parameters) 4D case (so far 2D model)

MTI: same as previous include space charge effects in simulations impact of space charge, especially on final hollow distribution

REX-ISOLDE UpgradesA.J. Herlert/CERN

Fixed-Target & RIB Programmes

proposed PhD projects:http://isolde.web.cern.ch/ISOLDE/opportunities/germanphd.htm

REXEBIS

Experiments REXTRAP

MASS SEPARATOR

7-GAP RESONATORS@ 101.28 MHz IH RFQ

9-GAP RESONATOR@ 202.56 MHz

3.0 MeV/u

2.2 MeV/u 1.2

MeV/u0.3

MeV/u

ISOLDE beam

60 keV

Rebuncher

Primarytarget High energy

driver beam

protons

Optional stripper ISOLDE

ISOLDE@CERN(isotope separator on-line)

REX-ISOLDE(post-acceleration)

• radioactive ion beam facility• more than 800 different isotopes

of more than 70 different elements• nuclear physics and solid-state

physics research

contact: alexander.herlert@cern.ch

future projects:• target development (selectivity and

ion beam purity) • laser application (resonant laser

ionization and laser spectroscopy)• polarized radioactive beams• HIE-ISOLDE upgrade for higher

energy of post-accelerated ions(e.g. superconducting LINAC)

e+ main linace- main linac , 12 GHz, 100 MV/m, 21.1 km

BC2BC2

decelerator, 24 sectors of 878 m

IP

BDS2.75 km

BDS2.75 km

48.4 km

drive beam accelerator2.38 GeV, 1.0 GHz

combiner rings Circumferences delay loop 72.4 m

CR1 144.8 mCR2 434.3 m

CR1CR2

delayloop

326 klystrons33 MW, 139 ms

1 km

CR2delayloop

drive beam accelerator2.38 GeV, 1.0 GHz

326 klystrons33 MW, 139 ms

1 km

CR1

TAR=120m

TAR=120m

245m 245m

booster linac, 9 GeV

BC1

e+ DR365m

e+ PDR365m

e- DR365m

e- PDR365m

linac, 2.2 GeV

e+ injector,

0.2 GeV

e - injector, 0.2 GeVCLIC 3-TeV e+e- Linear Collider

Two beam scheme

without drive beam CLIC would need 32000 Klystrons for ECMS =3 TeV

H. Braun

Drive Beam

Main Beam

H. Braun

Proposal for ITBInstrumentation Test Beamline at CTF3

Interested partners and contact persons• Royal Holloway University of London, Grahame Blair• LAPP Annecy, Yannis Karyotakis• North Western University Chicago, Mayda Velasco• University of Heidelberg and Cockcroft Institut, Carsten Welsch • FZK and University of Karlsruhe, Anke-Susanne Mueller, • University of Dortmund, Thomas Weis• CERN, Hans Braun

DescriptionCTF3: accelerator test facility built at CERN by international collaboration to develop CLIC linear collider technologyConstruction of CLEX area (=CLIC EXperimental area) at CTF3 revealed excellent opportunity to build a flexible Instrumentation Test Beam (ITB), allowing development and testing of vast range of advanced beam instrumentation in dedicated beamline. This R&D is in high demand for both CLIC and ILC instrumentation issues but also beneficial for many other accelerator applications. The ITB is using the 180 MeV, low emittance beam from the CALIFES linac of CTF3.

H. Braun

Drive Beam Injector

Drive Beam AcceleratorX 2 Delay Loop

X 5 Combiner

Ring

Two-beamTest Area

3.5 A - 1.4 ms150 MeV

35 A - 140 ns150 MeV

150 MV/m30 GHz

16 structures - 3 GHz - 7 MV/m

30 GHz andPhoto injector test area CLEX

8 m

2m

D FFD

D F DDUMPD F D

ITB

1.85m

CALIFES Probe beam injectorLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSD F D

D F D

DFDUMP

0.75

1.4m

1

DUMP

22.4 mTBL

2.5m

Transport path

22 m

2.0m

DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF

3.0m3.0m6 m

D F DF DF D

16.5 mTBTS16 m

8 m8 m

2m2m

D FFFDD

D F DD F DDUMPD F DD F D

ITB

1.85m1.85m

CALIFES Probe beam injectorLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSD F DD F D

D F DD F D

DF DFDUMP

0.75

1.4m1.4m

11

DUMP

22.4 m22.4 mTBL

2.5m2.5m

Transport path

22 m22 m

2.0m2.0m

DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DFDF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF

3.0m3.0m3.0m3.0m6 m6 m

D F DD F DF DF DF DF D

16.5 m16.5 mTBTS16 m16 m TL2

TL1

CTF3 complex

1.4m

D FFD

DF

F

D F DDUMPD F D

F

FD

ITBCALIFES probe beam injector

LIL-ACSLIL-ACSLIL-ACSD F D

D F D

DFDUMP

DUMP

TBLDUMP

DUMP 23.2 m

DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF

3.0m3.0m

D F DF DF DTBTS

16 m

TL2’

Layout of CLEX floor space

H. Braun

ITB doesn’t start from scratch but is an add-on

to existing accelerator infrastructure of CTF3 !

baseline concept of ITB comprises

bunch compressor to achieve bunch length as short as required by CLIC and ILC focusing magnets to adjust beam size at test location standard instrumentation for best possible beam characterisation at test location dedicated vacuum sector to allow easy and rapid installation and pump down of experiments magnet spectrometer to measure energy loss for specific experiments gas target to generate beam halo in controlled manner

first set of experiments in ITB will address

novel bunch length diagnostics with coherent diffraction radiation novel beam halo monitoring devices novel beam loss monitoring devices novel methods of single shot emittance measurement with OTR characterization of precision beam position monitors

Many other ideas for experiments are evolving

H. Braun

ITC cost & scheduleTechnical infrastructure, floor space and part of magnets will be provided by CERN. Missing investment costs for the baseline ITB facility is estimated at 500 k€. This direct cost could be further reduced if Institute workshops provide components.

Design and construction of ITB from t0 to first beam experiments will take about 2 years.

ITB student opportunitiesAlready design and commissioning of ITB provides excellent opportunities for PhD projects in accelerator physics. The instruments which can be developed and tested with ITB offer a vast range ofcutting edge projects in applied physics and engineering science. For this kind of projects a large part of the development and preparation can be done in the home institutes, in close contact with the international CTF3 collaboration and the experts at CERN.

Students involved in ITB have the possibility to participate in the recently approved EU-FP7 DITANET network http://www.kip.uni-heidelberg.de/DITANET/The development of novel DIagnostic Techniques for future particle Accelerators is the goal of this new European NETwork installed within the Marie Curie ITN scheme.

contributions welcome!

possible PhD projects

H. Braun

CLIC technology: active stabilization of large and heavy

accelerator structures to the level of nanometersContact H. Schmickler/CERN

high precision machining and assembly of AS & PETSG. Riddone/CERN

use of Bochum University scanning electron microscope with EBSD for surface investigations of CLIC prototype cavities

M. Aicheler/CERN & Universität Bochum

more CLIC topics …

collaboration ongoing

collaboration possible

collaboration possible

electron microscope column

Phosphoric screen and digital camera

=> Kikuchi pattern

70°

“Bragg Reflection”

Kikuchi pattern

SEM: Leo 1530 VP

EBSD unit: EDAX TSL

Electron Back Scattered Diffraction

ordinarily used for:

- texture analysis- orientation of samples (like X-Ray diffraction but faster)- identification of different phases (like TEM but lower resolution/magnification)- possibility to connect with quantitative EDX scans

M. Aicheler

collaboration ongoing

thermal fatigue behavior versus grain orientation

x

y

z

[1 0 0]

[1 1 0]

[1 1 1]

[1 1 1] (blue) direction highly developed fatigue features

[1 0 0] (red) direction less developed fatigue features

M. Aicheler

collaboration ongoing

SEMEBSD

Precision Polarisation Measurements and Spin

Management for Linear CollidersContact K. Aulenbacher/Universität Mainz

development of superconducting wiggler magnets in Nb3Sn technology for applications in linear colliders and synchrotron light sources

D. Wollmann, A. Bernhard, P. Peiffer, Uni. Karlsruhe, R. Rossmanith/FZK, R. Maccaferi, H. Braun/CERN

nonlinear dynamics studies for the CLIC damping ringsCh. Skokos/MPI-PKS Dresden, Y. Papaphilippou/CERN

… and more CLIC topics

collaboration welcomes newcomers

collaboration ongoing, support welcome

collaboration starting, support welcome

CLIC spin managementpossibilities at MAMI-C/U. Mainz

1. Compton laser-backscattering polarimeter (CLB): candidate for linear collider polarimeter at high energy.2. cross-checking CLB accuracy (DP/P<1% req.) interesting. 3. Mott polarimeters offer similar accuracy ( comparison).4. depolarization in arcs (esp. damping rings)

1) high intensity polarized beam at 1.5 GeV2) Compton backscattering polarimeter set-up in Hall-3 3) high-accuracy Mott polarimeter at 1-3.5 MeV4) spin orientation in arbitrary direction at Mott and CLB5) beam transport in arcs off or on spin resonance

existing devices in Mainz for tests & developments :

some spin management issues for linear colliders:

K. Aulenbacher

ANKA SCwiggler

BINP SCwiggler

BINP PMwiggler

M. Korostelev, PhD thesis, EPFL 2006

Parameters BINP ANKA/CERN

Bpeak [T] 2.5 2.8

λW [mm] 50 40Beam aperture full gap [mm] 20* 24*

Conductor type NbTi Nb3SnOperating temperature [K] 4.2 4.2

ANKA-CERN s.c. wiggler - goalsstrong fields and short periods

necessary both in SC undulators

(ANKA) and in damping wigglers to

achieve a low emittance (CLIC)

→ high current densities

→ use of Nb3Sn as conductor

common R&D on winding and

tapering methods; magnetic field

measurements at ANKA

short prototype of the ANKA/CERN wiggler will be installed & tested at ANKA

P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith

CERN-ANKA s.c. wiggler – joint work

y

z

x

Modelling:

Simplification

Meshing

calculations and simulations (Opera3D): Joint man power, know how and shared processing power between CERN and University Karlsruhe

tasks: magnetic design end period matching designing field

correctors

P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith

CERN-ANKA s.c. wiggler shimming / trajectory correction

overall correction of electron trajectory

transparency of the undulator/wiggler

but no local control of field quality

local correction of field errors space needed in gap increased gap or decreased beam stay clear

local shimmingintegral correctors

P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith

CERN-ANKA wiggler - induction shimming

Field integral over one ideal period = 0 Superconductive loop over one period Enclosed flux = 0 in the ideal case In presence of field errors, flux ≠ 0

Faraday's law: current is induced in a closed loop such that the change of flux enclosed by the loop is compensated.

→ induced current generates field that exactly counteracts the field

error

extend to more periods: overlapping coils.

experimental test:7 overlapping YBCO loops on a sapphire substrate mounted on a mockup undulator coil with a distorted field

uncorrected and corrected field and field difference

results: corrected field noticably flattened. induction shimming works ! no current feed throughs: less heat load no residual currents as long as Iinduced < IC but substrate still too thick: reduced gap work on substrate thickness ongoing

P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith

CLIC damping rings: nonlinear dynamics

only sextupole non-linearity small DA confirmed by both

tracking with symplectic integrator SABA2C and MADX-PTC

on-momentum frequency map reveals wide vertical tune spread and crossing of a multitude of resonances (especially 4th order for present working point)

Ch. Skokos and Y. Papaphilippou, EPAC08, 682-684

on momentum

can CERN and

German universitie

s collaborat

e?

yes they can!

advanced concepts “made in Germany”: TeV protons as plasma driver to accelerate electrons to TeV-scale energy

A.Caldwell,K.Lotov,A.Pukhov

,F.Simon;MPI-P München,U. Düsseldorf, &Novosibirsk

0 150 m 300 m 450 m

p

e-

p

e-pe- p

e-

arXiv:0807.4599v1, July ‘08

first contacts

thank you for your attention!